Book Review of: Rural Inventions: the French Countryside After 1945

Book Review of Sarah Farmer. Rural Inventions: the French Countryside After 1945

The Sober Revolution: The Political and Moral Economy of Alcohol in Modern France, 1954-1976

This dissertation examines how, after World War Two, the French state and powerful interest groups shifted the debate over drink from an issue of personal morality into a battle of political economy. Contrary to the widely held Tocquevillian assumption that France has had weak and fragmented interest groups with little capacity to influence state policy, this dissertation argues that a relatively weak public health movement became influential when it struck alliances with powerful state and economic interests. Working together, the different and sometimes antagonistic interests of doctors, French and European technocrats, luxury winegrowers, and automobile and insurance groups combined to issue alarms about France's allegedly rising alcoholism and mobilize public opinion against the country's alcohol producers and industrial, mono-cropping winegrowers. This movement was abetted by important structural transformations: the fall of the Fourth Republic (1946-1958) and the foundation of the Fifth (1958-), where a strong executive branch circumvented the industrial wine lobby and Parliament; the end of empire, which meant the eventual termination of cheap Algerian wine imports; and the creation of the European Community, which adopted France's luxury Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) labeling system and discouraged industrial wine production and consumption. In short, I maintain that this anti-alcohol campaign helped prepare appellation wine producers and the state for competition in the world economy. This dissertation uses drink as a prism through which to understand France's dramatic economic modernization after World War Two. It contributes to our understanding of France and Europe's so-called "Economic Miracle," particularly the role of the state and the wine industry in shaping European market integration. Against the common view that the wine industry has been a conservative force in French society, this dissertation argues that it played an active role in its own modernization in order to compete internationally in the context of European integration and, by the 1970s, globalization

The Sober Revolution: The Political and Moral Economy of Alcohol in Modern France, 1954-1976

This dissertation examines how, after World War Two, the French state and powerful interest groups shifted the debate over drink from an issue of personal morality into a battle of political economy. Contrary to the widely held Tocquevillian assumption that France has had weak and fragmented interest groups with little capacity to influence state policy, this dissertation argues that a relatively weak public health movement became influential when it struck alliances with powerful state and economic interests. Working together, the different and sometimes antagonistic interests of doctors, French and European technocrats, luxury winegrowers, and automobile and insurance groups combined to issue alarms about France's allegedly rising alcoholism and mobilize public opinion against the country's alcohol producers and industrial, mono-cropping winegrowers. This movement was abetted by important structural transformations: the fall of the Fourth Republic (1946-1958) and the foundation of the Fifth (1958-), where a strong executive branch circumvented the industrial wine lobby and Parliament; the end of empire, which meant the eventual termination of cheap Algerian wine imports; and the creation of the European Community, which adopted France's luxury Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) labeling system and discouraged industrial wine production and consumption. In short, I maintain that this anti-alcohol campaign helped prepare appellation wine producers and the state for competition in the world economy. This dissertation uses drink as a prism through which to understand France's dramatic economic modernization after World War Two. It contributes to our understanding of France and Europe's so-called "Economic Miracle," particularly the role of the state and the wine industry in shaping European market integration. Against the common view that the wine industry has been a conservative force in French society, this dissertation argues that it played an active role in its own modernization in order to compete internationally in the context of European integration and, by the 1970s, globalization

Voices on Food: Food in Time, Place, and Community

Indulge your inner foodie with an evening of conversations about food. Tag, We’re It brings together a historian, literary scholar, and speech-language pathologist to share their unique perspectives on a topic fundamental to life itself — but also so much more. Keri Behre, English: Eating in Shakespeare\u27s Kitchen Joseph Bohling, History: Inventing Place in French Wine and Food Rik Lemoncello, Speech & Hearing Sciences: Changing Lives One Cupcake at a Timehttps://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/tag/1004/thumbnail.jp

Stable Aqueous Dispersions of Hydrophobically Modified Titanium Dioxide Pigments through Polyanion Adsorption: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Coatings.

Polyanion dispersants stabilize aqueous dispersions of hydrophilic (native) inorganic oxide particles, including pigments currently used in paints, which are used at an annual scale of 3 million metric tons. While obtaining stable aqueous dispersions of hydrophobically modified particles has been desired for the promise of improved film performance and water barrier properties, it has until now required either prohibitively complex polyanions, which represent a departure from conventional dispersants, or multistep syntheses based on hybrid-material constructs. Here, we demonstrate the aqueous dispersion of alkylsilane-capped inorganic oxide pigments with conventional polycarboxylate dispersants, such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyacrylate, as well as a commercial anionic copolymer. Contact-angle measurements demonstrate that the hydrophobically modified pigments retain significant hydrophobic character even after adsorbing polyanion dispersants. CMC adsorption isotherms demonstrate 92% greater polyanion loading on trimethylsilyl modified hydrophobic particles relative to native oxide at pH 8. However, consistent with prior literature, hydrophobically modified silica particles adsorb polyanions very weakly under these conditions. These data suggest that Lewis acidic heteroatoms such as Al(3+) sites on the pigment surface are necessary for polyanion adsorption. The adsorbed polyanions increase the dispersion stability and zeta potential of the particles. Based on particle sedimentation under centrifugal force, the hydrophobically modified pigments possess greater dispersion stability with polyanions than the corresponding native hydroxylated particles. The polyanions also assist in the aqueous wetting of the hydrophobic particles, facilitating the transition from a dry powder into an aqueous dispersion of primary particles using less agitation than the native hydroxylated pigment. The application of aqueous dispersions of hydrophobically modified oxide particles to waterborne coatings leads to films that display lower water uptake at high relative humidities and greater hydrophilic stain resistances. This improved film performance with hydrophobically modified pigments is the result of better association between latex polymer and pigment in the dry film

Hydrophobic Inorganic Oxide Pigments via Polymethylhydrosiloxane Grafting: Dispersion in Aqueous Solution at Extraordinarily High Solids Concentrations.

Building on the recent demonstration of aqueous-dispersible hydrophobic pigments that retain their surface hydrophobicity even after drying, we demonstrate the synthesis of surface-modified Ti-Pure R-706 (denoted R706) titanium dioxide-based pigments, consisting of a thin (one to three monolayers) grafted polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) coating, which (i) are hydrophobic in the dry state according to capillary rise and dynamic vapor sorption measurements and (ii) form stable aqueous dispersions at solid contents exceeding 75 wt % (43 vol %), without added dispersant, displaying similar rheology to R706 native oxide pigments at 70 wt % (37 vol %) consisting of an optimal amount of conventional polyanionic dispersant (0.3 wt % on pigment basis). The surface-modified pigments have been characterized via 29Si and 13C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy; thermogravimetric and elemental analyses; and ζ potential measurements. On the basis of these data, the stability of the surface-modified PMHS-R706 aqueous dispersions is attributed to steric effects, as a result of grafted PMHS strands on the R706 surface, and depends on the chaotropic nature of the base used during PMHS condensation to the pigment/polysiloxane interface. The lack of water wettability of the surface-modified oxide particles in their dry state translates to improved water-barrier properties in coatings produced with these surface-modified pigment particles. The synthetic approach appears general as demonstrated by its application to various inorganic-oxide pigment particles

Hydrophobic Inorganic Oxide Pigments via Polymethylhydrosiloxane Grafting: Dispersion in Aqueous Solution at Extraordinarily High Solids Concentrations.

Building on the recent demonstration of aqueous-dispersible hydrophobic pigments that retain their surface hydrophobicity even after drying, we demonstrate the synthesis of surface-modified Ti-Pure R-706 (denoted R706) titanium dioxide-based pigments, consisting of a thin (one to three monolayers) grafted polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) coating, which (i) are hydrophobic in the dry state according to capillary rise and dynamic vapor sorption measurements and (ii) form stable aqueous dispersions at solid contents exceeding 75 wt % (43 vol %), without added dispersant, displaying similar rheology to R706 native oxide pigments at 70 wt % (37 vol %) consisting of an optimal amount of conventional polyanionic dispersant (0.3 wt % on pigment basis). The surface-modified pigments have been characterized via 29Si and 13C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy; thermogravimetric and elemental analyses; and ζ potential measurements. On the basis of these data, the stability of the surface-modified PMHS-R706 aqueous dispersions is attributed to steric effects, as a result of grafted PMHS strands on the R706 surface, and depends on the chaotropic nature of the base used during PMHS condensation to the pigment/polysiloxane interface. The lack of water wettability of the surface-modified oxide particles in their dry state translates to improved water-barrier properties in coatings produced with these surface-modified pigment particles. The synthetic approach appears general as demonstrated by its application to various inorganic-oxide pigment particles