Total and Nonresidual Concentrations of Selected Elements in Two Soil Series on the Island of Hawaii

Thirty Aridisol soil samples of the Kawaihae soil series on the dry, leeward, northwestern side of the island of Hawaii and 13 Histosol samples of the Papai series on the wet, windward, eastern side of the island were subjected to (1) complete dissolution by a mixture ofHN03, HCl, and HF to determine total concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn and (2) extraction of these metals by shaking 10 g soil: 100 mL 0.5M HCl solutions for 16hr to determine nonresidual concentrations. Analyses were performed mainly by flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Loss on ignition (LOI) and soil pH were also determined. Total metal concentrations, quantity extracted, LOI, and soil pH were analyzed statistically. Compared to the Histosol, the Aridisol samples typically contain more Co, Cr, Fe, and Mn, less Cu, similar concentrations of Ni and Zn, and have less LOI and higher pH. The Aridisol exhibits a high degree of correlation between total Cr and Ni, while a strong negative correlation occurs between Cu, Mn, Co, and Fe individually with LOI in the Histosol. The mean concentrations of these metals in both soils are significantly greater than those which occur in soils of the conterminous United States. The effectiveness of extraction by the acid solution, as measured by the percentage of metal extracted, is approximately Mn > Co > Cu > Cr > Fe > Zn - Ni for the Aridisol and Cu - Zn > Co - Mn > Fe - Ni > Cr for the Histosol; the difference is attributed to weathering under different climatic conditions. The latter soils exhibit a higher degree of correlation for percentages of metals extracted among the various metals and with LOI

Turn-Taking and the Local Management of Conversation in a Highly Simultaneous Computer-Mediated Communication System

Ongoing inquiry in communication technology research includes the questions of whether and how users adapt communication to the relatively restricted codes provided by text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC). This study proposes that adaptations may be affected by the level of simultaneity in messaging that CMC systems afford users. This suggestion is examined through an analysis of the particular conversational management strategies afforded by a fully synchronous computer-mediated communication system in which message transmission is keystroke-by-keystroke. Conversation analyses performed on the transcript of a three-person online conversation suggest several conclusions: Despite the novelty of the system, the CMC users appropriated and adapted many techniques from face-to-face conversations for the local management of conversations, including turn taking, turn allocation, and explicit interruption management. At the time, turn exchange was accomplished by the use of overlapping intermittent talk followed by lengthy strategic pauses, rather than according to the “no gap, no overlap” ideal of spoken conversation. Overall, the computer-mediated exchanges appeared resilient to modality change, and users spontaneously and creatively employed both traditional and technical features of conversation management

Person‐Centered Emotional Support and Gender Attributions in Computer‐Mediated Communication

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98127/1/hcre12006.pd

A new, temporarily confined population in the polar cap during the August 27, 1996 geomagnetic field distortion period

On August 27, 1996, a two-hour energetic heavy ion event (∼1 MeV) was detected at 8:25 UT at apogee (∼9 Re and an invariant latitude of ∼80°), by the Charge and Mass Magnetospheric Ion Composition Experiment onboard POLAR. The event, with a maximum spin averaged peak flux of ∼150 particles/(cm²-sr-s-MeV), showed three local peaks corresponding to three localized regions; the ion pitch angle distributions in the three regions were different from an isotropic distribution and different from each other. No comparable flux was observed by the WIND spacecraft. The appearance of lower energy He++ and O \u3e +2 during the event period indicates a solar source for these particles. From region 1 to 2 to 3, the helium energy spectra softened. A distorted magnetic field with three local minima corresponding to the three He peak fluxes was also observed by POLAR. A possible explanation is that the energetic He ions were energized from lower energy helium by a local acceleration mechanism that preferred smaller rigidity ions in the high altitude polar cusp region

Too Much of a Good Thing? The Relationship Between Number of Friends and Interpersonal Impressions on Facebook

A central feature of the online social networking system, Facebook, is the connection to and links among friends. The sum of the number of one's friends is a feature displayed on users' profiles as a vestige of the friend connections a user has accrued. In contrast to offline social networks, individuals in online network systems frequently accrue friends numbering several hundred. The uncertain meaning of friend status in these systems raises questions about whether and how sociometric popularity conveys attractiveness in non-traditional, non-linear ways. An experiment examined the relationship between the number of friends a Facebook profile featured and observers' ratings of attractiveness and extraversion. A curvilinear effect of sociometric popularity and social attractiveness emerged, as did a quartic relationship between friend count and perceived extraversion. These results suggest that an overabundance of friend connections raises doubts about Facebook users' popularity and desirability

Hip MRI in flexion abduction external rotation for assessment of the ischiofemoral interval in patients with hip pain-a feasibility study.

OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of flexion-abduction-external rotation (FABER) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip to visualize changes in the ischiofemoral interval and ability to provoke foveal excursion over the acetabular rim. METHODS IRB-approved retrospective single-center study. Patients underwent non-contrast 1.5-T hip MRI in the neutral and FABER position. Two readers measured the ischiofemoral interval at three levels: proximal/distal intertrochanteric distance and ischiofemoral space. Subgroup analysis was performed for hips with/without high femoral torsion, or quadratus femoris muscle edema (QFME), respectively. A receiver operating curve with calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of QFME was calculated. The presence of foveal excursion in both positions was assessed. RESULTS One hundred ten patients (121 hips, mean age 34 ± 11 years, 67 females) were evaluated. FABER-MRI led to narrowing (both p < .001) of the ischiofemoral interval which decreased more at the proximal (mean decrease by 26 ± 7 mm) than at the distal (6 ± 7 mm) intertrochanteric ridge. With high femoral torsion/ QFME, the ischiofemoral interval was significantly narrower at all three measurement locations compared to normal torsion/no QFME (p < .05). Accuracy for predicting QFME was high with an AUC of .89 (95% CI .82-.94) using a threshold of ≤ 7 mm for the proximal intertrochanteric distance. With FABER-MRI foveal excursion was more frequent in hips with QFME (63% vs 25%; p = .021). CONCLUSION Hip MRI in the FABER position is feasible, visualizes narrowing of the ischiofemoral interval, and can provoke foveal excursion. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT FABER MRI may be helpful in diagnosing ischiofemoral impingement and detecting concomitant hip instability by overcoming shortcomings of static MR protocols that do not allow visualization of dynamic changes in the ischiofemoral interval and thus may improve surgical decision making. KEY POINTS • FABER MRI enables visualization of narrowing of the ischiofemoral interval proximal to the lesser trochanter. • Proximal intertrochanteric distance of ≤ 7 mm accurately predicts quadratus femoris muscle edema. • Foveal excursion was more frequent in hips with quadratus femoris muscle edema

Cusp energetic particle events: Implications for a major acceleration region of the magnetosphere

The Charge and Mass Magnetospheric Ion Composition Experiment (CAMMICE) on board the Polar spacecraft observed 75 energetic particle events in 1996 while the satellite was at apogee. All of these events were associated with a decrease in the magnitude of the local magnetic field measured by the Magnetic Field Experiment (MFE) on Polar. These new events showed several unusual features: (1) They were detected in the dayside polar cusp near the apogee of Polar with about 79% of the total events in the afternoonside and 21% in the morningside; (2) an individual event could last for hours; (3) the measured helium ion had energies up to and many times in excess of 2.4 MeV; (4) the intensity of 1–200 KeV/e helium was anticorrelated with the magnitude of the local geomagnetic field but correlated with the turbulent magnetic energy density; (5) the events were associated with an enhancement of the low-frequency magnetic noise, the spectrum of which typically extends from a few hertz to a few hundreds of hertz as measured by the Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) on Polar; and (6) a seasonal variation was found for the occurrence rate of the events with a maximum in September. These characterized a new phenomenon which we are calling cusp energetic particle (CEP) events. The observed high charge state of helium and oxygen ions in the CEP events indicates a solar source for these particles. Furthermore, the measured 0.52–1.15 MeV helium flux was proportional to the difference between the maximum and the minimum magnetic field in the event. A possible explanation is that the energetic helium ions are energized from lower energy helium by a local acceleration mechanism associated with the high-altitude dayside cusp. These observations represent a potential discovery of a major acceleration region of the magnetosphere

Ran-dependent docking of importin-β to RanBP2/Nup358 filaments is essential for protein import and cell viability

RanBP2 captures RanGTP–importin-β complexes at cytoplasmic fibrils to ensure adequate classical NLS–mediated protein import and cell viability