TMJ response to mandibular advancement surgery: an overview of risk factors

Objective: In order to understand the conflicting information on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathophysiologic responses after mandibular advancement surgery, an overview of the literature was proposed with a focus on certain risk factors. Methods: A literature search was carried out in the Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases in the period from January 1980 through March 2013. Various combinations of keywords related to TMJ changes [disc displacement, arthralgia, condylar resorption (CR)] and aspects of surgical intervention (fixation technique, amount of advancement) were used. A hand search of these papers was also carried out to identify additional articles. Results: A total of 148 articles were considered for this overview and, although methodological troubles were common, this review identified relevant findings which the practitioner can take into consideration during treatment planning: 1- Surgery was unable to influence TMJ with preexisting displaced disc and crepitus; 2- Clicking and arthralgia were not predictable after surgery, although there was greater likelihood of improvement rather than deterioration; 3- The amount of mandibular advancement and counterclockwise rotation, and the rigidity of the fixation technique seemed to influence TMJ position and health; 4- The risk of CR increased, especially in identified high-risk cases. Conclusions: Young adult females with mandibular retrognathism and increased mandibular plane angle are susceptible to painful TMJ, and are subject to less improvement after surgery and prone to CR. Furthermore, thorough evidenced-based studies are required to understand the response of the TMJ after mandibular advancement surgery

Orthodontic movement of teeth with short root anomaly: should it be avoided, faced or ignored?

INTRODUCTION: Short Root Anomaly (SRA) is an uncommon disease and a challenge for orthodontic treatment as it tends to increase the risk of root resorption. OBJECTIVE: Assess the current status of the diagnosis, etiology and orthodontic management of teeth with SRA, and present case reports. METHOD: A literature review was carried out in PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus and Web of Science databases. RESULTS: A differential diagnosis of SRA should be conducted for teeth with incomplete root formation, external apical root resorption, dentin dysplasia type I and post dental trauma root hypoplasia. SRA is genetically determined and orthodontic movement requires changes in clinical and radiographic management in order to restrict damage. CONCLUSION: Orthodontic movement of teeth with SRA is contraindicated in extreme cases, only. Caution at all stages could minimize attachment loss and lead to long-term stability

Turfeiras da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional - MG: II - influência da drenagem na composição elementar e substâncias húmicas Peat bogs in the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional - Minas Gerais, Brazil: II - influence of drainage on elemental humus composition and substances

As turfeiras são Organossolos que resultam de condições ecológicas ideais ao acúmulo de material orgânico, controladas pelos sistemas geomorfológicos e processos geológicos e climáticos globais. Sua constituição física, química e biológica é pouco conhecida. No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo sobre as turfeiras da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM) - MG, por meio da descrição e coleta de amostras em três perfis situados a 1.250 m (P1), 1.350 m (P4) e 1.800 m (P2) de altitude. Os três perfis foram caracterizados morfologicamente e, nas amostras coletadas, foram realizadas análises químicas e fracionamento da matéria orgânica em ácidos húmicos, ácidos fúlvicos e humina. A matéria orgânica dos perfis de Turfeiras da SdEM apresentou marcantes diferenças entre si em relação à sua composição química e ao teor das substâncias húmicas e à composição química dos ácidos húmicos. A variação das condições de drenagem foi preponderante para a diferenciação qualitativa e quantitativa da matéria orgânica. A turfeira P1, com moderadas condições de drenagem, apresentou matéria orgânica com maiores relações C/N e O/C, predomínio de ácidos fúlvicos entre as substâncias húmicas e ácidos húmicos e elevada relação C/N. Nas turfeiras P2 e P4, com muito más condições de drenagem, as relações C/N e O/C da matéria orgânica foram mais baixas, a humina predominou amplamente entre as substâncias húmicas e os ácidos húmicos apresentaram a mais baixa relação C/N.<br>Peat bogs are Organosols formed under ideal ecological conditions in terms of the accumulation of organic material, controlled by geomorphological and geological processes and climate. The physical, chemistry and biological constitution of peat bogs is largely unknown. In this study the peat bogs of the Southern Serra do Espinhaço (Minas Gerais, Brazil) were described and sampled from three profiles at 1,250 m (P1), 1,350 m (P4) and 1,800 m (P2) above sea level. The three profiles were characterized morphologically, the collected samples were chemically analyzed and the organic matter was fractioned in humin, fulvic and humic acids. The organic matter of the peat bog profiles differed strikingly in chemical composition and contents of humic substances and in the chemical composition of humic acids. The variations in drainage conditions were mostly responsible for the qualitative and quantitative differentiation of organic matter. In peat bog P1, with moderate drainage, the C/N and O/C ratios of the organic matter were higher, fulvic acid predominant among the humic substances and humic acids had a higher C/N ratio. In the peat bog P2 and P4, with very poor drainage, C/N and O/C ratios were lower in the organic matter, humin largely predominant among humic substances and C/N ratios in humic acids were lowest