Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis rat model attenuated by a remote ischemic preconditioning in the pregnant

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (r-IPC) administered to pregnant rats, in the ileum of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Methods: We used three pregnant rats and their newborn rats distributed in three groups: 1) Control (C) - Newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which did not undergo any intervention2) Hypoxia-Reoxygenation (H/R) - Newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which did not undergo any intervention, and were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation3) Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (r-IPC) - newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which was subjected to remote ischemic preconditioning twenty-four hours before giving birth and the newborn rats were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Segments of ileum were prepared for histological analysis by HE and immunohistochemistry by the Ki67 to evaluate cell proliferation, crypt depth and villus height and evaluation of apoptosis by cleaved caspase-3. Results: The intensity of the lesions was lower in the r-IPC than in the H/R group, showing significant difference (p H/R - p H/R - (p < 0.01). The occurrence of apoptosis in the H/R group was lower in comparison to groups C and r-IPC, with significant difference (H/R < r-IPCp<0.05). Conclusion: The remote ischemic preconditioning applied to the pregnant rat protected the ileum of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation, with decreased intensity of the lesions in the ileum mucosa and preservation of proliferative activity, keeping the villus height and crypt depth similar to group C.Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Postgrad Program Interdisciplinary Surg Sci, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Lab Surg Physiopathol LIM 62, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Surg, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pediat Surg, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Pediat Surg Res Lab, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Postgrad Program Interdisciplinary Surg Sci, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Surg, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pediat Surg, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Pediat Surg Res Lab, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Technological Forecasting of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Babassu

Babassu is a native palm tree from Brazil traditionally used by Indigenous Peoples (IP) and Traditional Communities (TC), in order to produce medicines applied in different treatments. Some of these medicinal applications have been scientifically analyzed in order to prove their pharmacological potentialities and have also been an object of interest for the protection of Intellectual Property Rights. The objective of this work was to carry out the technological forecasting of traditional knowledge associated with babassu related to the treatments applied by traditional medicine and to analyze the indicators connected with to the protection of Intellectual Property Rights. Initially, we conducted a survey of ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies, presenting applications of babassu performed by traditional medicine. Subsequently, we presented a literature review, focused on analyzing the effects of babassu according to the practices of traditional medicine. Finally, we analyzed the records of filed patents made in World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (EPO) and Latin American Base of the European Patent Office (LATIPAT) in relation to previously identified Traditional Knowledge Associated (TKA). There were different types of babassu applications used by traditional medicine, according to the results of the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies carried out in Brazil. The applications that stood out were related to anti-inflammatory and cicatrizant treatments. Most of the pharmacological research that focused on proving the medicinal potential associated with the use of babassu, analyzed applications in anti-inflammatory and cicatrizant treatments, which mostly demonstrated these potentialities. It was verified that the interests for the protection of Intellectual Property Rights of the TKA with babassu, and the anti-inflammatory and cicatrizant treatments, presented a growth. This study contributes with positive evidence for the medicinal and cosmetic potentialities of babassu presented by traditional medicine. However, it also shows that holders of TKA have not been involved in the processes of protection of Intellectual Property Rights of inventions that apply TKA with babassu. In view of the related conflicts, it is suggested that TKA be valued in management and conservation practices

Effects of maternal ischemic preconditioning in the colon of newborn rats submitted to hypoxia-reoxygenation insult

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of maternal remote ischemic preconditioning (IPCr) in the colonic mucosa of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation.METHODS: Newborn Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Control Group (CG), Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Group (HRG) and Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Group (IPCrG). Hypoxia and reoxygenation was performed 2x per day, with an interval of 6 hours, on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days of life, with 10 minutes of CO2 at 100%, followed by 10 minutes O2 at 100%(HRG/IPCrG). The maternal IPCr was performed 24 hours before delivery by applying a rubber band tourniquet to the left hind limb (IPCrG). Segments of the colon underwent histological (HE) and immunohistochemical analysis for caspase-3 and COX - 2.RESULTS:The histological findings showed no intestinal mucosal damage in the CG group and severe lesions in HRG that was attenuated in the IPCrG (p<0.05). The expression of the apoptotic cells was lower in the HRG group than in the CG and IPCrG. The COX-2 expression was intense in HRG and attenuated in the IPCrG (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Maternal IPCr protected the colonic mucosa of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation, reducing the morphological alterations and inflammatory response. It ameliorates the occurrence of apoptosis, keeping the physiological process of renewal and regeneration in the epithelial lining of the colonic mucosa.Federal University of São Paulo Paulista School of MedicinevFaculty of Medicine of MariliaUNIVASF Faculty of MedicineUNIFESP-EPM Department of PathologyUSP FM Department of SurgeryUNIFESP-EPM Department of Pediatric SurgeryUNIFESP, Paulista School of MedicinevUNIFESP, EPM Department of PathologyUNIFESP, EPM Department of Pediatric SurgerySciEL

Sobre o envelhecimento contemporâneo: um ensaio a partir de uma revisão narrativa / On contemporary aging: an essay from a narrative review

Compreendemos que envelhecer é um processo que engloba diversas esferas, como a biológica,  psicológica, social e a cultural. Esferas estas que fazem parte do que se apreende enquanto envelhecimento. Levando em consideração as características do contexto contemporâneo, o presente estudo, de caráter teórico-exploratório, buscou identificar a produção acadêmica acerca da visão do envelhecimento na contemporaneidade. Com esse fim, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa de literatura sobre a temática nas bases de dados Scielo, LILACS e PePsic. Tais buscas apresentaram como critérios de inclusão artigos publicados entre os anos 2007 e 2018, no idioma português e inglês. Como resultado, foram selecionados oito artigos. Os principais resultados encontrados apresentam que envelhecer  na contemporaneidade é visto como algo indesejado, pois conduz à velhice, vista como uma condição secundária e desprivilegiada. Em meio à sociedade acelerada e cansada, o idoso é visto pelo senso comum como um “peso social”. Foi verificado também que que não existe um padrão único de apreensão do envelhecimento. Trata-se de um processo multifacetado e multifatorial,  para além da idade cronológica. O velho tem seu próprio tempo, seus movimentos e suas ações, e continua a se desenvolver continuamente. A velhice tem um ritmo de ser e estar no mundo que lhe é peculiar, e que vem ganhando novos contornos

DESEMPENHO DE CULTIVARES DE ALFACE DO GRUPO CRESPA EM JATAÍ-GO

A alface é considerada a hortaliça folhosa mais consumida no Brasil, sendo que a escolha e determinação das cultivares a serem plantadas nas diferentes regiões, influência diretamente na produtividade da mesma. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o comportamento de cinco cultivares de alface (Brida, Amanda, Cristal, Invicta e Verônica) do grupo solta crespa nas condições de Jataí-GO. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados com 4 repetições. As características avaliadas foram: altura e diâmetro de planta, número total de folhas, diâmetro e comprimento do caule, massa fresca total, comercial e do caule e percentual de massa seca. Verificou-se que apenas as características altura de plantas, comprimento do caule, diâmetro do caule, massa fresca do caule e massa fresca comercial apresentaram diferenças estatísticas em relação às cultivares avaliadas. As cultivares que apresentaram os maiores valores de massa fresca comercial foram Brida, Cristal e Verônica

ESTABLISHING THE REFERENCE RANGE FOR T LYMPHOCYTES SUBPOPULATIONS IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN FROM BRAZIL

SUMMARY In Brazil, the existing reference values for T-lymphocytes subsets are based on data originated in other countries. There is no local information on normal variation for these parameters in Brazilian adults and children. We evaluated the normal variation found in blood donors from five large Brazilian cities, in different regions, and in children living in Salvador, and Rio de Janeiro. All samples were processed by flow cytometry. The results were analyzed according to region, gender, and lifestyle of blood donors. A total of 641 adults (63% males), and 280 children (58% males) were involved in the study. The absolute CD3+, and CD4+ cells count were significantly higher for females (adults and children). Higher CD4+ cell count in adults was associated with smoking, while higher CD8+ count was found among female children. Higher counts, for all T-cells subsets, were detected in blood donors from southeast / south regions while those living in the northern region had the lowest values. Individuals from midwestern and northeastern regions had an intermediate count for all these cells subsets. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance. In Brazil, gender and smoking, were the main determinants of differences in T-lymphocytes reference values.RESUMO Os valores de referências de linfócitos T existentes no Brasil são baseados em dados originados de outros países. Não existem dados locais da variação normal para estes parâmetros em adultos e crianças brasileiras. Avaliamos a variação normal encontrada em doadores de sangue de cinco grandes cidades brasileiras em diferentes regiões e em crianças residentes em Salvador e Rio de Janeiro. Todas as amostras foram processadas por citometria de fluxo. Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com região, gênero e estilo de vida dos doadores. Um total de 641 adultos (63% homens) e 280 crianças (58% meninos) participaram do estudo. Valores absolutos de CD3+ e CD4+ foram significantemente maiores no gênero feminino (adultos e crianças). Maiores valores de CD4+ em adultos foram associados com tabagismo, enquanto que maiores valores de CD8+ foram encontrados entre crianças do sexo feminino. Adultos das regiões sul e sudeste apresentaram maiores valores absolutos para todas as células T enquanto que adultos da região norte, apresentaram menores valores. Indivíduos residentes no nordeste e centro-oeste obtiveram contagens intermediárias para todas as populações de células T. Entretanto, estas diferenças entre as regiões, não demonstraram diferença estatística. No Brasil, gênero e tabagismo foram os principais determinantes para diferenças em valores de referências de linfócitos T

Impact of acute kidney injury exposure period among liver transplantation patients

Background: Acute kidney injury is a common complication of liver transplantation. in this single-centre retrospective observational study, we investigated the impact of acute kidney disease on liver recipient survival.Methods: the study population consisted of patients who underwent a liver engraftment between January 2002 and November 2006, at a single transplantation centre in São Paulo, Brazil. Acute kidney injury diagnosis and staging were according to the recommendations of the Acute Kidney Injury Network and consisted of scanning the daily serum creatinine levels throughout the hospital stay. Patients requiring renal replacement therapy prior to transplantation, those who developed acute kidney injury before the procedure or those receiving their second liver graft were excluded from the study.Results: A total of 444 liver transplantations were performed during the study period, and 129 procedures (29%) were excluded. the remaining 315 patients constituted the study population. in 207 procedures, the recipient was male (65%). the mean age of the population was 51 years. Cumulative incidence of acute kidney injury within 48 h, during the first week after transplantation, and throughout the hospital stay was 32, 81 and 93%, respectively. Renal replacement therapy was required within a week after the transplantation in 31 procedures (10%), and another 17 (5%) required replacement therapy after that period. Mean follow-up period was 2.3 years. Time in days from acute kidney injury diagnosis to initiation of replacement therapy or reaching serum creatinine peak was associated with lower overall survival even when adjusted for significant potential confounders (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.05; p=0.002). Overall, patients experiencing acute kidney injury lasting for a week or more before initiation of replacement therapy experienced a threefold increase in risk of death (HR 3.02; 95% CI 2.04, 4.46; p<0.001).Conclusions: Acute kidney injury after liver transplantation is remarkably frequent and has a substantial impact on patient survival. Delaying the initiation of renal replacement therapy in such population may increase mortality by more than 20% per day.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Transplantes Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini, Liver Unit, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilTufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Medford, MA 02155 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc