La reputación del puerto de escala de cruceros: un análisis de antecedentes y consecuencias

Actualmente, el turismo de cruceros está teniendo un fuerte impacto económico en la región mediterránea. Los destinos de cruceros pueden ganar reputación dependiendo de las intenciones de los pasajeros de volver a visitarlos y recomendarlos. La literatura previa sugiere que la reputación percibida puede influir en el comportamiento futuro de los pasajeros y puede ayudar a identificar los factores que afectan a dicho comportamiento. Sin embargo, los estudios actuales sobre este tema sólo ofrecen un enfoque inicial sobre el rol de la reputación en esta industria. Este estudio investiga la reputación de un puerto de escala del Mediterráneo (Málaga, España) entre los pasajeros de cruceros. Con este objetivo, se utiliza un modelo basado en los antecedentes y en las consecuencias de la reputación y una muestra de pasajeros de cruceros que han visitado el destino en el período 2015-2018. Los resultados muestran que una buena experiencia de pasajeros en el puerto de escala es un factor explicativo de su reputación, y que la reputación percibida determina la intención de volver a visitar y recomendar el puerto. También sugieren que los administradores de puertos deberían implementar estrategias que influyan en las respuestas emocionales de los pasajeros de cruceros, que mejoren su experiencia, y que diferencien la oferta en el destino para cada segmento de crucero.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Complementarity between human capital and trade in regional technological progress

The effect of openness and trade orientation on economic growth remains a highly contentious issue. Trade facilitates knowledge diffusion and the adoption of more advanced and efficient technologies which faster total factor productivity (TFP) growth and, hence, per capita income. New technologies that diffuse by trade require a sufficiently qualified labour force to adapt them into the domestic productive environment. Thus, openness and human capital accumulation will lead to TFP growth, and the larger the complementarity between both variables the higher TFP growth. The paper discusses the implications of these assumptions and tests their empirical validity using a pool of data for the industrial sector in the Spanish regions in a period in which both the stock of human capital and openness experienced a not able improvement. Key words: trade, human capital, technological progress and regions. JEL category: C23, D24, O33.

Complementarity between human capital and trade in regional technological progress

The effect of openness and trade orientation on economic growth remains a highly contentious issue in the literature. Trade facilitates the spread of knowledge and the adoption of more advanced and efficient technologies, which hastens total factor productivity (TFP) growth and, hence, per capita income. New technologies that spread through trade require a sufficiently skilled labour force to adapt them to the domestic productive environment. Thus, openness and human capital accumulation will lead to TFP growth and the greater the complementarity between both variables, the higher the TFP growth. This paper discusses the implications of these assumptions and tests their empirical validity, using a pool of data for manufacturing industry in Spanish regions in a period in which both the stock of human capital and openness experienced a notable increase.technological progress, industry, human capital, trade

A Real-Time Tool Positioning Sensor for Machine-Tools

In machining, natural oscillations, and elastic, gravitational or temperature deformations, are still a problem to guarantee the quality of fabricated parts. In this paper we present an optical measurement system designed to track and localize in 3D a reference retro-reflector close to the machine-tool's drill. The complete system and its components are described in detail. Several tests, some static (including impacts and rotations) and others dynamic (by executing linear and circular trajectories), were performed on two different machine tools. It has been integrated, for the first time, a laser tracking system into the position control loop of a machine-tool. Results indicate that oscillations and deformations close to the tool can be estimated with micrometric resolution and a bandwidth from 0 to more than 100 Hz. Therefore this sensor opens the possibility for on-line compensation of oscillations and deformations

An analysis of the corporate social responsibility of the spanish marinas

Las Marinas Deportivas son infraestructuras portuarias complejas que agregan valor a las zonas costeras, y que contribuyen al desarrollo económico y social del destino turístico donde se ubican. No obstante, y aunque el estudio de la RSC en el ámbito de las marianas deportivas tienen una gran relevancia tanto a nivel turístico como por sus efectos en el entorno, en la literatura previa sobre RSC, el estudio de los puertos marítimos es escaso y sólo se ha abordado el análisis de su impacto en el medio ambiente. Para cubrir este hueco en la investigación, el objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el estado actual de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa de las mariana deportivas españolas, aplicando técnicas de ecuaciones estructurales mediante mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) a la información obtenida de una muestra de 60 puertos deportivos españoles estratificados por tamaño y localización. Los resultados obtenidos han determinado las barreras y los impulsores asociados con la implementación de la RSC en el sector de las marinas deportivas españolas.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Lubricity of paraffinic fuels additivated with conventional and non-conventional methyl esters

[EN] Fuel lubricity prevents wear between metallic parts in relative motion inside the injection system of combustion engines. Among diesel fuels, paraffinic (gas-to-liquid or hydrotreated oils) and biodiesel (methyl esters) fuels are emerging since some of them are renewable and, in the case of paraffinic fuels, present excellent properties that can be exploited in compression ignition engines. However, the lubricant properties of raw paraffinic fuels are poor. This work explores the potential of individual methyl esters, found in different biodiesel fuels derived from a wide variety of sources, as lubricity additives for paraffinic fuels. Blends at 1% and 2% ester content in a surrogate of paraffinic fuel were tested under the standardized high-frequency reciprocating rig test for lubricity determination. Results confirm the extremely poor lubricity of the surrogate and that the wear scar diameter measured (the higher this, the lower the fuel lubricity) can be significantly reduced with any of the tested esters just at 1% concentration. Higher ester concentration (2%) does not always improve the lubricity further. The number of double bonds in the ester was revealed very significant, but to boost the lubricity of the blend and fulfill the limits set in fuel quality standards, two or more polyunsaturated esters are necessary.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study has been carried out under the framework of project ENE2016-79641-R, financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness.Rodriguez-Fernandez, J.; Ramos, A.; Sanchez-Valdepeñas, J.; Serrano, J. (2019). Lubricity of paraffinic fuels additivated with conventional and non-conventional methyl esters. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 11(9):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814019877077S18119Hsieh, P. Y., & Bruno, T. J. (2015). A perspective on the origin of lubricity in petroleum distillate motor fuels. Fuel Processing Technology, 129, 52-60. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.08.012Anastopoulos, G., Kalligeros, S., Schinas, P., & Zannikos, F. (2013). Effect of dicarboxylic acid esters on the lubricity of aviation kerosene for use in CI engines. Friction, 1(3), 271-278. doi:10.1007/s40544-013-0025-zAnastopoulos, G., Kaligeros, S., Schinas, P., Zannikou, Y., Karonis, D., & Zannikos, F. (2017). The Impact of Fatty Acid Diisopropanolamides on Marine Gas Oil Lubricity. Lubricants, 5(3), 28. doi:10.3390/lubricants5030028Sajjad, H., Masjuki, H. H., Varman, M., Kalam, M. A., Arbab, M. I., Imtenan, S., & Rahman, S. M. A. (2014). Engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of gas to liquid (GTL) fuels and its blends with diesel and bio-diesel. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30, 961-986. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.039Lapuerta, M., Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J., & Sukjit, E. (2014). Effect of ambient humidity and hygroscopy on the lubricity of diesel fuels. Wear, 309(1-2), 200-207. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2013.11.017Sundus, F., Fazal, M. A., & Masjuki, H. H. (2017). Tribology with biodiesel: A study on enhancing biodiesel stability and its fuel properties. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, 399-412. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.217Chong, W. W. F., & Ng, J.-H. (2016). An atomic-scale approach for biodiesel boundary lubricity characterisation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 113, 34-43. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.03.029De Oliveira, J. J., de Farias, A. C. M., & Alves, S. M. (2017). Evaluation of the biodiesel fuels lubricity using vibration signals and multiresolution analysis. Tribology International, 109, 104-113. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2016.12.031Anastopoulos, G., Lois, E., Serdari, A., Zanikos, F., Stournas, S., & Kalligeros, S. (2001). Lubrication Properties of Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuels in the Presence of Specific Types of Fatty Acid Derivatives. Energy & Fuels, 15(1), 106-112. doi:10.1021/ef990232nGeller, D. P., & Goodrum, J. W. (2004). Effects of specific fatty acid methyl esters on diesel fuel lubricity. Fuel, 83(17-18), 2351-2356. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2004.06.004Greenspan, L. (1977). Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A: Physics and Chemistry, 81A(1), 89. doi:10.6028/jres.081a.011Tavakoli, O., & Yoshida, H. (2006). Squid Oil and Fat Production from Squid Wastes Using Subcritical Water Hydrolysis:  Free Fatty Acids and Transesterification. 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Fatty Acid Composition of Some Potential Fish Oil from Production Centers in Indonesia. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 30(3), 975-980. doi:10.13005/ojc/300308Volkman, J. K., Jeffrey, S. W., Nichols, P. D., Rogers, G. I., & Garland, C. D. (1989). Fatty acid and lipid composition of 10 species of microalgae used in mariculture. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 128(3), 219-240. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(89)90029-4Stansell, G. R., Gray, V. M., & Sym, S. D. (2011). Microalgal fatty acid composition: implications for biodiesel quality. Journal of Applied Phycology, 24(4), 791-801. doi:10.1007/s10811-011-9696-xLang, I., Hodac, L., Friedl, T., & Feussner, I. (2011). Fatty acid profiles and their distribution patterns in microalgae: a comprehensive analysis of more than 2000 strains from the SAG culture collection. BMC Plant Biology, 11(1), 124. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-11-124Furlan, V. J. M., Maus, V., Batista, I., & Bandarra, N. M. (2017). 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Jojoba oil wax esters and derived fatty acids and alcohols: Gas chromatographic analyses. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 48(6), 259-264. doi:10.1007/bf02638458Kleiman, R., & Spencer, G. F. (1982). Search for new industrial oils: XVI. Umbelliflorae-seed oils rich in petroselinic acid. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 59(1), 29-38. doi:10.1007/bf02670064Gill, S. S., Tsolakis, A., Dearn, K. D., & Rodríguez-Fernández, J. (2011). Combustion characteristics and emissions of Fischer–Tropsch diesel fuels in IC engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 37(4), 503-523. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2010.09.001Rodríguez-Fernández, J., Lapuerta, M., & Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J. (2017). Regeneration of diesel particulate filters: Effect of renewable fuels. Renewable Energy, 104, 30-39. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.11.059Musavi, A., Cizmeci, M., Tekin, A., & Kayahan, M. (2008). Effects of hydrogenation parameters ontrans isomer formation, selectivity and melting properties of fat. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 110(3), 254-260. doi:10.1002/ejlt.200700118Sukjit, E., Herreros, J. M., Dearn, K. D., García-Contreras, R., & Tsolakis, A. (2012). The effect of the addition of individual methyl esters on the combustion and emissions of ethanol and butanol -diesel blends. Energy, 42(1), 364-374. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.03.041Knothe, G., & Steidley, K. R. (2005). Lubricity of Components of Biodiesel and Petrodiesel. The Origin of Biodiesel Lubricity†. Energy & Fuels, 19(3), 1192-1200. doi:10.1021/ef049684cLapuerta, M., Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J., Bolonio, D., & Sukjit, E. (2016). Effect of fatty acid composition of methyl and ethyl esters on the lubricity at different humidities. Fuel, 184, 202-210. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.019Pittman, J. K., Dean, A. P., & Osundeko, O. (2011). The potential of sustainable algal biofuel production using wastewater resources. Bioresource Technology, 102(1), 17-25. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.035Chamorro R. Lubricity of a paraffinic surrogated fuel blended with non-conventional methyl esters. Final Degree Project in Mechanical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 2018 (in Spanish)

Experimental validation of a one-dimensional twin-entry radial turbine model under non-linear pulse conditions

This is the author¿s version of a work that was accepted for publication in International Journal of Engine Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published as https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419869157[EN] This article presents the experimental validation of a complete integrated one-dimensional twin-scroll turbine model able to be used in reciprocating internal combustion engine unsteady simulations. A passenger car with a twin-entry-type turbine has been tested under engine-like pulse conditions by means of a specifically built gas stand. To obtain high-resolution quality data, the turbine and turbine line pipes have been instrumented with mean and instantaneous pressure sensors as well as temperature and mass flow sensors, employing a uniquely designed rotating valve for the pulse generation. This experimental configuration enables to obtain the pressure decomposition in both inlets and outlets of the turbine. Using the experimental data obtained, the model is fully validated, with special focus on the reflected and transmitted components for analysing the performance of the model and its non-linear acoustics prediction capabilities. The model presents a very high degree of correlation with the experimental results, providing a range of errors similar to the uncertainty of the measurements, even in the medium- and high-frequency spectra.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the 'Ayuda a Primeros Proyectos de Investigacion' (PAID-06-18), Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Innovacion y Transferencia de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain. P.S. was partially supported through contract FPI-2017-S2-1428 of Programa de Apoyo para la Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID) of Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Serrano, J.; Arnau Martínez, FJ.; García-Cuevas González, LM.; Soler-Blanco, P.; Cheung, R. (2021). Experimental validation of a one-dimensional twin-entry radial turbine model under non-linear pulse conditions. International Journal of Engine Research. 22(2):390-406. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419869157S390406222Watson, N., & Janota, M. S. (1982). Turbocharging the Internal Combustion Engine. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-04024-7Galindo, J., Fajardo, P., Navarro, R., & García-Cuevas, L. M. (2013). Characterization of a radial turbocharger turbine in pulsating flow by means of CFD and its application to engine modeling. Applied Energy, 103, 116-127. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.013Torregrosa, A. J., Broatch, A., Navarro, R., & García-Tíscar, J. (2014). Acoustic characterization of automotive turbocompressors. International Journal of Engine Research, 16(1), 31-37. doi:10.1177/1468087414562866Serrano, J. R., Tiseira, A., García-Cuevas, L. M., Inhestern, L. B., & Tartoussi, H. (2017). Radial turbine performance measurement under extreme off-design conditions. Energy, 125, 72-84. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.118Piscaglia, F., Onorati, A., Marelli, S., & Capobianco, M. (2018). A detailed one-dimensional model to predict the unsteady behavior of turbocharger turbines for internal combustion engine applications. International Journal of Engine Research, 20(3), 327-349. doi:10.1177/1468087417752525Galindo, J., Arnau, F. J., García-Cuevas, L. M., & Soler, P. (2018). Experimental validation of a quasi-two-dimensional radial turbine model. International Journal of Engine Research, 21(6), 915-926. doi:10.1177/1468087418788502Rajoo, S., Romagnoli, A., & Martinez-Botas, R. F. (2012). Unsteady performance analysis of a twin-entry variable geometry turbocharger turbine. Energy, 38(1), 176-189. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.12.017Rajoo, S., & Martinez-Botas, R. (2008). Variable Geometry Mixed Flow Turbine for Turbochargers: An Experimental Study. International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems, 1(1), 155-168. doi:10.5293/ijfms.2008.1.1.155Copeland, C. D., Martinez-Botas, R., & Seiler, M. (2010). Comparison Between Steady and Unsteady Double-Entry Turbine Performance Using the Quasi-Steady Assumption. Journal of Turbomachinery, 133(3). doi:10.1115/1.4000580Copeland, C. D., Martinez-Botas, R., & Seiler, M. (2011). Unsteady Performance of a Double Entry Turbocharger Turbine With a Comparison to Steady Flow Conditions. Journal of Turbomachinery, 134(2). doi:10.1115/1.4003171Costall, A. W., McDavid, R. M., Martinez-Botas, R. F., & Baines, N. C. (2010). Pulse Performance Modeling of a Twin Entry Turbocharger Turbine Under Full and Unequal Admission. Journal of Turbomachinery, 133(2). doi:10.1115/1.4000566Yang, M., Martinez-Botas, R., Rajoo, S., Yokoyama, T., & Ibaraki, S. (2015). An investigation of volute cross-sectional shape on turbocharger turbine under pulsating conditions in internal combustion engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 105, 167-177. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2015.06.038Copeland, C. D., Newton, P. J., Martinez-Botas, R., & Seiler, M. (2011). The Effect of Unequal Admission on the Performance and Loss Generation in a Double-Entry Turbocharger Turbine. Journal of Turbomachinery, 134(2). doi:10.1115/1.4003226Cerdoun, M., & Ghenaiet, A. (2018). Unsteady behaviour of a twin entry radial turbine under engine like inlet flow conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering, 130, 93-111. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.11.001Payri, F., Benajes, J., & Reyes, M. (1996). Modelling of supercharger turbines in internal-combustion engines. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 38(8-9), 853-869. doi:10.1016/0020-7403(95)00105-0Chiong, M. S., Rajoo, S., Martinez-Botas, R. F., & Costall, A. W. (2012). Engine turbocharger performance prediction: One-dimensional modeling of a twin entry turbine. Energy Conversion and Management, 57, 68-78. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2011.12.001Chiong, M. S., Rajoo, S., Romagnoli, A., Costall, A. W., & Martinez-Botas, R. F. (2016). One-dimensional pulse-flow modeling of a twin-scroll turbine. Energy, 115, 1291-1304. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.09.041Galindo, J., Navarro, R., García-Cuevas, L. M., Tarí, D., Tartoussi, H., & Guilain, S. (2018). A zonal approach for estimating pressure ratio at compressor extreme off-design conditions. International Journal of Engine Research, 20(4), 393-404. doi:10.1177/1468087418754899Payri, F., Olmeda, P., Arnau, F. J., Dombrovsky, A., & Smith, L. (2014). External heat losses in small turbochargers: Model and experiments. Energy, 71, 534-546. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.096Serrano, J. R., Olmeda, P., Arnau, F. J., Dombrovsky, A., & Smith, L. (2015). Turbocharger heat transfer and mechanical losses influence in predicting engines performance by using one-dimensional simulation codes. Energy, 86, 204-218. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.130Gil, A., Tiseira, A. O., García-Cuevas, L. M., Usaquén, T. R., & Mijotte, G. (2018). Fast three-dimensional heat transfer model for computing internal temperatures in the bearing housing of automotive turbochargers. International Journal of Engine Research, 21(8), 1286-1297. doi:10.1177/1468087418804949Serrano, J. R., Olmeda, P., Tiseira, A., García-Cuevas, L. M., & Lefebvre, A. (2013). Theoretical and experimental study of mechanical losses in automotive turbochargers. Energy, 55, 888-898. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.04.042Piñero, G., Vergara, L., Desantes, J. M., & Broatch, A. (2000). Estimation of velocity fluctuation in internal combustion engine exhaust systems through beamforming techniques. Measurement Science and Technology, 11(11), 1585-1595. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/11/11/307Zimmermann, R., Baar, R., & Biet, C. (2016). Determination of the isentropic turbine efficiency due to adiabatic measurements and the validation of the conditions via a new criterion. 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Hallucination-minimized Data-to-answer Framework for Financial Decision-makers

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied to build several automation and personalized question-answering prototypes so far. However, scaling such prototypes to robust products with minimized hallucinations or fake responses still remains an open challenge, especially in niche data-table heavy domains such as financial decision making. In this work, we present a novel Langchain-based framework that transforms data tables into hierarchical textual data chunks to enable a wide variety of actionable question answering. First, the user-queries are classified by intention followed by automated retrieval of the most relevant data chunks to generate customized LLM prompts per query. Next, the custom prompts and their responses undergo multi-metric scoring to assess for hallucinations and response confidence. The proposed system is optimized with user-query intention classification, advanced prompting, data scaling capabilities and it achieves over 90% confidence scores for a variety of user-queries responses ranging from {What, Where, Why, How, predict, trend, anomalies, exceptions} that are crucial for financial decision making applications. The proposed data to answers framework can be extended to other analytical domains such as sales and payroll to ensure optimal hallucination control guardrails.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 4 table