Aquatic Cartographies: Oceanic Imaginaries, Histories and Identities,

In her volume The Invisible Empire: White Discourse, Tolerance and Belonging (2009), Georgie Wemyss has discussed lascars as a case study of what she calls the ‘Invisible Empire’ (2009: 3). Unacknowledged and unremembered for decades in colonial historiography, lascars populated English vessels since the early days of imperialism until the Second World War. This singular maritime figure of the Indian Ocean is being belatedly incorporated into historiography as well as into contemporary maritime fiction. This paper will analyse the representation of lascars in a selection of recent sea narratives set in the nineteenth century, namely Amitav Ghosh’s Ibis trilogy (2008-2015) and Shahida Rahman’s Lascar (2012). I argue that lascars, as represented in those sea narratives, reveal the potential of transoceanic mobility to destabilise land-locked parameters of culture and nationality in the nineteenth century and are exemplary of the cosmopolitanism that characterised the Indian Ocean waterworlds. Additionally, I aim at demonstrating that lascars are an apt case study to rethink globalization as glocalization, enabling a reading of the global as “plural versions of the local” (Beyer 2007: 98). In this sense, I contend that lascars’ multifarious identities constituted a negotiation between the global and the local that translated in strategies of resistance against the violence of imperialism. This glocal take on identity challenged, I argue, imperial codes of nationality, religion, and culture as fixed categories, prevalent in an unfolding globalization which, far from being a twentieth-century phenomenon, was already spreading and in full activity in the nineteenth century

Fundamentals and Applications of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)

When a molecule is adsorbed on some metallic nanostructured surfaces such as silver, copper or gold, it can undergo an enormous enhancement of the Raman signal giving rise to the so called Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). The high sensitivity of this effect allows an accurate structural study of adsorbates at very low concentrations. The SERS effect has historically been associated with the substrate roughness on two characteristic length scales. Surface roughness on the 10 to 100 nm length scale supports localized plasmon resonances which are considered as the dominant enhancement mechanism of SERS (Electromagnetic Enhancement Mechanism: SERS-EM). It is usually accepted that these electromagnetic resonances can increase the scattered intensity by an average factor of ca. 104 to 107. A secondary mechanism often thought to require atomic scale roughness is referred to as Charge Transfer (CT) Enhancement Mechanism (SERS-CT). This mechanism involves the photoinduced transfer of an electron from the metal to the adsorbate or vice versa and involves new electronic excited CT states which result from adsorbate–substrate chemical interactions. It is also estimated that such SERS-CT mechanism can enhance the scattering cross-section by a factor of ca. 10 to 102. These two mechanisms can operate simultaneously, depending on the particular systems and experimental conditions, making difficult to recognize each one and to estimate their relative magnitude in a particular spectrum.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Software tools for computing EW chiral amplitudes

We present an implementation of the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian (also denoted as Higgs Effective Theory) in several high energy physics Mathematica packages. In particular, we implement the bosonic part of the electoweak Lagrangian up to next-to-leading order for FeynRules, FeynArts and FeynCalc. These tools are publicly available and can be used to readily calculate the Feynman rules and amplitudes in the theory.Comment: 4 pages, 3 pdf figures, contribution to the proceedings of QCD22 - 25th International Conference in Quantum Chromodynamics (4-7/07/2022, Montpellier - FR

Jumping over the paywall: Strategies and motivations for scholarly piracy and other alternatives

Despite the advance of the Open Access (OA) movement, most scholarly production can only be accessed through a paywall. We conduct an international survey among researchers (N=3,304) to measure the willingness and motivations to use (or not use) scholarly piracy sites, and other alternatives to overcome a paywall such as paying with their own money, institutional loans, just reading the abstract, asking the corresponding author for a copy of the document, asking a colleague to get the document for them, or searching for an OA version of the paper. We also explore differences in terms of age, professional position, country income level, discipline, and commitment to OA. The results show that researchers most frequently look for OA versions of the documents. However, more than 50% of the participants have used a scholarly piracy site at least once. This is less common in high-income countries, and among older and better-established scholars. Regarding disciplines, such services were less used in Life & Health Sciences and Social Sciences. Those who have never used a pirate library highlighted ethical and legal objections or pointed out that they were not aware of the existence of such libraries

Development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the presence of different patterns of Trifolium repens shoot flavonoids

We tested the effects of the flavonoid 3-methoxi-5,6,7,8-hydroxy-4'hydroxy flavone (NMHTV) isolated from shoots of non arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculated clover, and of the flavonoids 5,6,7,8-hydroxy-3-methoxy flavone (MH-1); 5,6,7,8-hydroxy-4'- hydroxy flavone (MH-2); and 5,7-hydroxy-3,4'-methoxy flavone (MH-3); isolated from AM clover (Trifolium repens) shoots, on spore germination, hyphal length, hyphal branches and the number of cluster of auxiliary cells or the number of secondary spores (Presymbiotic stage) and on the number of entry points and the percentage of AM colonized root of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) by the AM fungi Gigaspora rosea, Giaspora margarita, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices (Symbiotic stage). Non significant effects of the flavonoids isolated from the shoot of mycorrhizal colonized clover on the presymbiotic and symbiotic stages of Gigaspora and Glomus endophytes were found. The flavonoid NMHTV isolated from non AM clover shoot, did not affect the percentage of germination of spores but significantly increased (P < 0.05) the other steps of the presymbiotic stage of Gi. margarita spores when 2 μM concentration was used. The symbiotic stage of Gi. margarita was also significantly increased when 2 μM of the flavonoid NMHTV was applied. This flavonoid had no effect on the presymbiotic development of G. mosseae, G. intraradices and Gi. rosea except when 8 μM concentration was used, which inhibited the hyphal length of Gi. rosea. These results suggest the possible implication of the flavonoid NMHTV in the susceptibility of tomato roots to the AM formation by Gi. margarita. The absence of stimulation of the AM presymbiotic and symbiotic stages in tomato by exogenous application of the newly synthesized flavonoids MH-1, MH-2, and MH-3, in clover shoots after AM colonization, indicated that the autorregulation of the AM symbiosis can be, at least partially, due to the disappearance of flavonoids in AM colonized plants that stimulated the AM symbiosis.Fil: Scervino, Jose Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, María Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Della Mónica, Ivana Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Vierheilig, Horst. Universitat Fur Bodenkultur Wien; Austria. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Experimental del Zaidín; EspañaFil: Ocampo, Juan Antonio. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Experimental del Zaidín; EspañaFil: Godeas, Alicia Margarita. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Detecting hydroxyl radical with a new two-photon fluorescent probe in living cells

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be involved in the onset and development of multiple diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes among others. Generation of ROS is a phenomenon that results from normal cell metabolism as well as from the response to certain pathologic stimuli like certain cytokines, xenobiotics and bacterial infection. These ROS are highly reactive, short-lived molecules that play critical roles in the living cell and it is well accepted that cellular oxidative stress results from the imbalance between generation and elimination of ROS in cells. In this work, we describe the design and synthesis of a two photon (TP) organelle-targeting activatable fluorescent probe. This probe is a naphthalene-indoline compound that targets specifically lysosomes, reaching these organelles in the fluorescence “off” state and minimizing background reactions. Upon arrival at the lysosomes, the probe is triggered and a fluorescence “on” signal is observed that can be combined with TP microscopy to image the lysosomal •OH in living cells.Real Sociedad Española de Química y Grupo Especializado de Química Orgánica de la RSEQ•Universidade de Santiago de Compostela • CIQUS • Lilly • Mestrelab Research •Thieme •Scharlab • Acros • ABCR • AMSLab • GalChimia • Elsevier • The Journal of the American Chemical Society • ACS Omega • Organic Letters • The Journal of Organic Chemistry • Accounts of Chemical Research. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

A Parallel Application of Matheuristics in Data Envelopment Analysis

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric methodology for estimating technical efficiency and benchmarking. In general, it is desirable that DEA generates the efficient closest targets as benchmarks for each assessed unit. This may be achieved through the application of the Principle of Least Action. However, the mathematical models associated with this principle are based fundamentally on combinatorial NP-hard problems, difficult to be solved. For this reason, this paper uses a parallel matheuristic algorithm, where metaheuristics and exact methods work together to find optimal solutions. Several parallel schemes are used in the algorithm, being possible for them to be configured at different stages of the algorithm. The main intention is to divide the number of problems to be evaluated in equal groups, so that they are resolved in different threads. The DEA problems to be evaluated in this paper are independent of each other, an indispensable requirement for this algorithm. In addition, taking into account that the main algorithm uses exact methods to solve the mathematical problems, different optimization software has been evaluated to compare their performance when executed in parallel. The method is competitive with exact methods, obtaining fitness close to the optimum with low computational time.J. Aparicio and M. González thank the financial support from the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad’ (MINECO), the ‘Agencia Estatal de Investigacion’ and the ‘Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional’ under grant MTM2016-79765-P (AEI/FEDER, UE)

La vulnerabilidad de los asentamientos en espacios no urbanizables en el municipio de San Mateo Atenco, Estado De México

El hombre en sociedad no sólo enfrenta los riesgos naturales, y los tradicionalmente conocidos, que se desprenden de la misma dinámica social, como la delincuencia, inseguridad, inestabilidad económica, entre otros, sino también a los derivados del crecimiento urbano acelerado, es decir, al riesgo construido socialmente por los individuos que deciden asentarse en lugares no aptos para ser urbanizados, por presentar condiciones naturales poco favorables, tal es el caso de los lugares potencialmente inundadles, los que presentan características geográficas con alta probabilidad para presentarse la remoción en masa, o algún otro tipo de riesgo, de ahí que en este trabajo se decidiera abordar los riesgos que son producto del crecimiento urbano, tal es el aso de las inundaciones que enfrentan habitantes del municipio de San Mateo Atenco, en Zonas que son consideradas como no aptas para ser urbanizadas.El hombre en sociedad no sólo enfrenta los riesgos naturales, y los tradicionalmente conocidos, que se desprenden de la misma dinámica social, como la delincuencia, inseguridad, inestabilidad económica, entre otros, sino también a los derivados del crecimiento urbano acelerado, es decir, al riesgo construido socialmente por los individuos que deciden asentarse en lugares no aptos para ser urbanizados, por presentar condiciones naturales poco favorables, tal es el caso de los lugares potencialmente inundadles, los que presentan características geográficas con alta probabilidad para presentarse la remoción en masa, o algún otro tipo de riesgo, de ahí que en este trabajo se decidiera abordar los riesgos que son producto del crecimiento urbano, tal es el aso de las inundaciones que enfrentan habitantes del municipio de San Mateo Atenco, en Zonas que son consideradas como no aptas para ser urbanizadas

Super-Nernstian Shifts of Interfacial Proton-Coupled Electron Transfers : Origin and Effect of Noncovalent Interactions

The support of the University of Aberdeen is gratefully acknowledged. C.W. acknowledges a summer studentship from the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. E.P.M.L. acknowledges SeCYT (Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), ́ CONICET- PIP 11220110100992, Program BID (PICT 2012-2324), and PME 2006-01581 for financial support.Peer reviewedPostprin