Relational marketing in mass marketing: theory or actual practice?

The relational marketing paradigm, as well as its predecessors, has been rapidly added to marketing management?s lexicon and tool kit. In conjunction with this concept, theoreticians have devised techniques that are essential to make it operative. Paramount among them is the development of the client management process and within it, the use and application of the Customer Lifetime Value concept which is the relational approach?s corner stone, and the present value of future growth is generated by clients In working with clients, this is essential to determine the strategy that will allow the company to reach and/or preserve its competitive advantage. Evidence so far suggests that although companies are prone to adopt the relational marketing paradigm, they still enforce transactional marketing concepts. This may be the consequence of the emerging use of that concept and the Customer Lifetime Value technique in Latin American countries as part of the client management process. The failure to use this concept in dynamic industries, as in mass retail, is a topic of interest for administration sciences and in particular, marketing and this article seeks to draw attention to this fact

Techniques to Understand Computer Simulations: Markov Chain Analysis

The aim of this paper is to assist researchers in understanding the dynamics of simulation models that have been implemented and can be run in a computer, i.e. computer models. To do that, we start by explaining (a) that computer models are just input-output functions, (b) that every computer model can be re-implemented in many different formalisms (in particular in most programming languages), leading to alternative representations of the same input-output relation, and (c) that many computer models in the social simulation literature can be usefully represented as time-homogeneous Markov chains. Then we argue that analysing a computer model as a Markov chain can make apparent many features of the model that were not so evident before conducting such analysis. To prove this point, we present the main concepts needed to conduct a formal analysis of any time-homogeneous Markov chain, and we illustrate the usefulness of these concepts by analysing 10 well-known models in the social simulation literature as Markov chains. These models are: • Schelling\'s (1971) model of spatial segregation • Epstein and Axtell\'s (1996) Sugarscape • Miller and Page\'s (2004) standing ovation model • Arthur\'s (1989) model of competing technologies • Axelrod\'s (1986) metanorms models • Takahashi\'s (2000) model of generalized exchange • Axelrod\'s (1997) model of dissemination of culture • Kinnaird\'s (1946) truels • Axelrod and Bennett\'s (1993) model of competing bimodal coalitions • Joyce et al.\'s (2006) model of conditional association In particular, we explain how to characterise the transient and the asymptotic dynamics of these computer models and, where appropriate, how to assess the stochastic stability of their absorbing states. In all cases, the analysis conducted using the theory of Markov chains has yielded useful insights about the dynamics of the computer model under study.Computer Modelling, Simulation, Markov, Stochastic Processes, Analysis, Re-Implementation

Factores que generan agresividad durante el desarrollo de las pr?cticas de ense?anza

79 P?ginasEste trabajo es el resultado de la investigaci?n llevada a cabo durante los a?os 2012 y 2013 con los estudiantes de los grados sexto y s?ptimo de la Instituci?n Educativa San Pedro del municipio de Dolores Tolima. Se ha realizado con el prop?sito de identificar y describir los factores que generan agresividad durante el desarrollo de las pr?cticas de ense?anza debido a que en este establecimiento educativo durante los ?ltimos a?os se han venido presentando algunas situaciones de conductas agresivas que han dificultado el proceso de ense?anza aprendizaje en los estudiantes. Para tal efecto la investigaci?n fue guiada por un paradigma cuantitativo empleando como instrumento para la recolecci?n de la informaci?n una encuesta tipo Lickert adem?s de recurrir a diferentes referentes te?ricos, lo que ha permitido concluir que existen factores escolares del clima de aula, socio ambientales y familiares que en esta instituci?n est?n siendo generadores de comportamientos agresivos en estos estudiantes.ABSTRACT This work is the result of the research carried out for the years 2012 and 2013 with the students in grades sixth and seventh of the educational institution of San Pedro of the municipality of Dolores in Tolima. It was conducted in order to identify and describe the factors causing aggression during the development of the teaching practice since in this educational establishment during the last years some situations of aggressive behaviors that have hindered the process of teaching have been occurring in the students learning. For this purpose the research was guided by a paradigm that is quantitative using as an instrument for the collection of the information a survey type Lickert besides resorting to different theoretical references, which has allowed to conclude that there are school factors of climate of classroom, socio-environmental and family being in this institution are generators of aggressive behaviors in these students.ADVERTENCIA La Facultad de Ciencias de la Educaci?n de la Universidad del Tolima, el director, codirector y el jurado calificador, no son responsables de los conceptos, ni de las ideas expuestas por los autores del presente trabajo. Art?culo 16, Acuerdo 032 de 1976 y Art?culo 29, Acuerdo 064 de 1991, emanados por el Consejo Acad?mico de la Universidad del Tolima.INTRODUCCION 12 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 14 1.1 CONTEXTUALIZACION 14 1.2. DESCRIPCION DEL PROBLEMA 15 1.3. FORMULACION DEL PROBLEMA 18 1.3.1 Pregunta Principal. 18 1.3.2 Preguntas Secundarias. 18 2. JUSTIFICACION 19 3. OBJETIVOS 21 3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 21 3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS 21 4. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 22 4.1. ANTECEDENTES DE INVESTIGACION SOBRE EL TEMA 22 4.2 MARCO TEORICO Y CONCEPTUAL 24 4.2.1 Conceptualizaci?n 24 4.2.2. Teor?as 34 4.3. NORMAS JURIDICAS SOBRE CONVIVENCIA ESCOLAR 40 5. METODOLOGIA 44 5.1. TIPO DE INVESTIGACION 44 5.1.1 Instrumento 44 5.1.2 Participantes 46 5.1.3 Procedimiento 46 5.2. ANALISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS 46 6. RESULTADOS 48 6.1. FACTORES ESCOLARES DEL CLIMA DE AULA DE LA AGRESIVIDAD 48 6.2. FACTORES SOCIO AMBIENTALES DE LA AGRESIVIDAD 56 10 P?g. 6.3. FACTORES FAMILIARES DE LA AGRESIVIDAD 60 7. CONCLUSIONES 67 8. RECOMENDACIONES 70 REFERENCIAS 72 ANEX

Ensino da matem?tica para alunos surdos na Escola Estadual Dom Mois?s Coelho

Este trabalho, tem como tema o ensino da matem?tica para alunos surdos na Escola Estadual Dom Moises Coelho, localizada na zona urbana da cidade de CajazeirasPB, na qual o nosso estudo possui a finalidade de compreender como ? trabalhado o ensino da matem?tica com alunos surdos em sala de aula. Buscando de tal estudo entender quais os m?todos de ensino que os professores de matem?tica utilizam para melhorar o desenvolvimento das aulas para os alunos surdos, analisar se os docentes possuem qualifica??o profissional adequada para atender esses alunos, verificar se a escola possui um profissional adequado para fornecer suporte ao professor no transcorrer de suas aulas e se a escola em estudo fornece materiais e forma??o continuada para professores atender os alunos com surdez. Para responder essas perguntas foi realizado um estudo bibliogr?fico acerca do tema vigente na literatura e levantamento de estudo de caso, no qual foi destacado um breve relato referente a defici?ncia auditiva, aspectos hist?ricos da educa??o dos surdos no Brasil e no mundo e a Legisla??o da educa??o de surdos. Foi realizado um question?rio de aspecto qualitativo com a participa??o de cinco professores de matem?tica que lecionam nesta institui??o educacional. Com a an?lise do question?rio foi observado que a maioria dos professores se apropriam na utiliza??o de aplicativos para tentarem desenvolver m?todos que facilitam o ensino dos alunos com surdez, que a escola n?o possui um plano de educa??o continuada para os professores, por?m possui materiais e profissional adequado para d? suporte ao professor em sala de aula e que alguns professores n?o tiveram em sua forma??o docente um ensino voltado para um atendimento a alunos com necessidades especiais em surdez. Por fim, que a escola em estudo deve desenvolver uma a??o que forne?a a educa??o continuada n?o s? para os professores de matem?tica, mas sim para todos que comp?em o meio de ensino dos alunos com surdez, pois assim fornece uma intera??o melhor do aluno com o meio de ensino, favorecendo o ensino

Estilo de liderazgo durante la pandemia COVID-19: caso Hospital Policial II-1

El presente trabajo de investigaci?n determina el estilo de liderazgo predominante durante la pandemia COVID-19, en el Hospital Policial ?Augusto B. Legu?a? (con Categor?a de Establecimiento de Salud Nivel II-1), ubicado en el distrito del R?mac en la capital de la Rep?blica. Para determinar el estilo de liderazgo predominante durante la pandemia COVID-19 en el Hospital Policial, se utiliz? el Modelo de Liderazgo de Rango Total aplicando como instrumento el Cuestionario Multifactorial de Liderazgo (versi?n corta) al Equipo Directivo, al Jefe Coordinador M?dico y a la Jefa de Enfermeras. Los datos fueron recogidos en el mes de mayo del 2022, a los m?dicos, a las enfermeras y a los t?cnicos de enfermer?a. Los estilos de liderazgo predominantes son los transformacionales y los transaccionales sobre los liderazgos pasivos. Se muestran los resultados de los servicios de salud del Hospital Policial durante la pandemia COVID-19 desde marzo del 2020 a febrero del 2022

Composici?n, estructura y diversidad del ensamblaje de peces y sus relaciones con la cobertura vegetal y algunas variables ambientales en quebradas de las zonas de vida bosque h?medo premontano y bosque muy h?medo premontano, municipio de Ibagu?.

90 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl estudio se desarroll? en ?reas no urbanas de las zonas de vida Bosque h?medo premontano (bh-PM) y Bosque muy h?medo premontano (bmh-PM), regi?n cafetera del municipio de Ibagu?, Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de las coberturas bosques (Bpt), arbustos (Arb), mosaico de cultivos (Mc) y pastos (Pas) sobre la din?mica de los ensamblajes de peces. Los peces fueron colectados empleando un equipo de electropesca, en un transecto de 100 m de largo. Se determin? la diversidad con n?meros de Hill, diversidad funcional y empleo el An?lisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) y An?lisis de Correspondencia Can?nica (ACC). En total se colectaron 1636 individuos pertenecientes a 12 especies, siete g?neros, cinco familias y tres ?rdenes. No hubo diferencias en t?rminos de composici?n y estructura del ensamblaje de peces en el bh-PM y bmh-PM, sin embargo, el bh-PM, la cobertura pastos a pesar de presentar un alto valor de FRic, las especies dominantes son funcionalmente parecidas a las especies raras, lo cual indica posiblemente, competencia por recursos f?sicos y alimenticios. En el ACP se observan variaciones de los rasgos funcionales a niveles inter e intraespec?ficos, hecho que se debe a la variaci?n de la oferta alimenticia y presencia de microh?bitats. Finalmente, la distribuci?n de la ictiofauna entre los tipos de cobertura vegetal parece estar afectada por variables ambientales tales como calidad de la vegetaci?n riparia (QBR), cobertura del dosel (C.D), temperatura del agua (T) y ancho de cuerpo de agua (A). Palabras Claves: Conjuntos de peces, cobertura vegetal, diversidad funcional, n?meros de colinas, Neotr?pico.The study was carried out in non-urban areas of premontane humid forest (bh-PM) and premontane very humid forest (bmh-PM), a coffee region in the municipality of Ibagu?, Colombia. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of forest cover (Bpt), shrub (Arb), crop mosaic (Mc) and pasture (Pas) on the dynamics of fish assemblages. The fish were collected using an electro-fishing equipment, in a transect of 100 m in length. Diversity with Hill numbers, functional diversity, and the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were determined. In total, 1636 individuals of 12 species, seven genera, five families and three orders were collected. There were no differences in terms of composition and structure of the fish assemblage in the bh-PM and bmh-PM, however, the bh-PM, pasture coverage despite having a high FRic value, dominant species are functionally similar to rare species, possibly indicating competition for physical resources and food. In the PCA there are variations of the functional traits to inter and intraspecific levels, fact that is due to the variation of the food supply and presence of microhabitats. Finally, the distribution of fishes among vegetation cover types seems to be affected by environmental variables such as riparian vegetation quality (QBR), canopy cover (CD), water temperature (T) and water body width (TO). Keywords: Fish assemblages, vegetation cover, functional diversity, Hill numbers, Neotropic

Visitas de abelhas e produtividade do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)

With the objective of studying the effect of bees? visits over the sunflower yeld (Helianthus annuus L) an experiment was installed in Experimental Station of Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul in Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in August 2013. The experiments evaluation were arranged on randomized at random block design, in a split plot arrangement, with four treatments and ten replicates. The treatments were constituted by the combination of two hybrids of sunflower (Syn 034A e CF 101) and two pollination tests: free insect visitation and exclusion of floral visitors. The variables evaluated were: di?mero chapter, mass of the chapter mass of the achenes by inflorescence, mass of the 1000 achenes, the number of achenes by inflorescence and total productivity of achenes. The exclusion experiment revealed that sunflower bees` visitors significantly contributed to pollination and sunflower reproduction. Except for the M1000, all variables of sunflower heads that had been isolated from flower visitors being significantly lower (P < 0.05) than of those heads exposed to normal insect activity. These findings also demonstrate the economic importance of pollination services to maximize the productivity and reduce the need for cropland expansion, contributing towards sustainable agriculture.Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de visitas de abelhas sobre que a produtividade do girassol (Helianthus annuus L) foi instalado um experimento na Esta??o Experimental da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, em Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em agosto de 2013. Os experimentos para a avalia??o foram organizados em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro tratamentos e 10 repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram constitu?dos pela combina??o de dois h?bridos de girassol (Syn 034A e 101 CF) e dois testes de poliniza??o: livre visita??o dos visitantes florais e exclus?o de visitantes florais. As vari?veis avaliadas foram: di?metro do cap?tulo, massa do cap?tulo, massa dos aqu?nios por infloresc?ncia, massa de 1000 aqu?nios, n?mero de aqu?nios por infloresc?ncia e produtividade total de aqu?nios. O experimento de exclus?o revelou que as abelhas visitantes contribu?ram significativamente para a poliniza??o e reprodu??o do girassol. Exceto para a massa de 1000 aqu?nios, todas as vari?veis dos cap?tulos de girassol que haviam sido isoladas dos visitantes florais, apresentaram resultados significativamente menores (p < 0,05) do que os cap?tulos expostos as vistas de abelhas. Estes resultados tamb?m demonstram a import?ncia econ?mica dos servi?os de poliniza??o para maximizar a produtividade e reduzir a necessidade de expans?o de terras cultiv?veis, contribuindo para uma agricultura sustent?vel

Estudio cualitativo para determinar la factibilidad y viabilidad de un bachillerato a trav?s de ciclos lectivos especiales integrados, por medio de pr?cticas que promuevan el ejercicio de la paz, en el municipio de San Antonio - Tolima

95 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEste trabajo investigativo tiene como objetivo principal identificar la factibilidad y viabilidad de la implementaci?n de un bachillerato para j?venes y adultos, de modalidad semi-presencial en jornada sabatina, a trav?s de ciclos lectivos especiales integrados, en el municipio de San Antonio, departamento del Tolima. De este modo, se pretende contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad educativa, a partir de la inclusi?n de personas que por diferentes razones se encuentran fuera del sistema educativo; y a su vez, se busca que esta propuesta curricular este basada en el ejercicio de la Paz como un derecho constitucional. Lo anterior, debido a que el municipio tiene una caracter?stica especial frente al conflicto armado. Esta propuesta surge al identificar un alto ?ndice de deserci?n escolar en el municipio, como tambi?n, un alto n?mero de personas que no han culminado los estudios de la educaci?n media y una tasa de analfabetismo representativa. Para esto, se realiz? un trabajo hermen?utico, el cu?l consisti? en la interpretaci?n y an?lisis de una serie de documentos gubernamentales que muestran datos estad?sticos reales del municipio y sur del departamento en relaci?n con la educaci?n. Adem?s se realiz? una entrevista focalizada a diferentes actores representativos del municipio para caracterizar la necesidad de la implementaci?n de dicho bachillerato.This research project?s main goal is to identify the feasibility and validity of the implementation of a high school diploma for young and adult people, who have not finished these studies. The nature of the program is blended learning so that students need to attend classes on Saturdays in San Antonio, Tolima. It is also based on a Colombian Statutory Order (3011, December 19, 1997) which creates the Special and Integrated academic year (Ciclos Lectivos Especiales Integrados-CLEIS). This program looks to contribute to the education quality by including people who have been left out of the education system. On the other hand, this curriculum includes peace as a constitutional right, especially with this population, victim of armed violence. This project emerges in order to fight social problems like the high dropout rate in middle and high school, and a significant illiteracy rate. The methodology has a hermeneutical approach based on a critical reading of statistics and governmental reports on education in the area. The research project also focuses on interviews to people like the Mayor and the Education Secretary, who represent the municipality and have an overview of the social contextual needs of the people. Key words: education for peace, adaptable curriculum, education for young and adult people, Special and Integrated academic year