URGE UN MANEJO SUSTENTABLE DEL AGUA DE TABASCO

El documento presenta la situación que vive el manejo del agua en el mundo y el país pero el análisis se centra en Tabasco, es decir; la infraestructura con que se cuenta; así como el beneficio que obtiene la población del agua para su subsistencia. Además, que en los últimos cinco años el clima en la región ha experimentado un cambio en cuanto a los periodos de lluvias y sequias, misma que se ha reflejado en abundancia que no hemos sabido manejar y la hemos considerado como una enemiga más que como un beneficio que Dios nos ha dado. Aquí se presenta qué es lo que podemos hacer para beneficiarnos con ella, considerando nuevos métodos y técnicas para producir y así convertir al agua abundante en una gran aliada para la producción y la vida humana sana en Tabasco

How to Measure Teachers' Acceptance of AI-driven Assessment in eLearning

The use of AI is becoming a growing reality the educational field. One of the activities in which it is beginning to be implemented is the assessment of student achievement. This way, we can find in the literature an increasing number of investigations focused on the possibilities offered by the adoption of AI-driven assessment. However, the use of AI is also a source of concern that raises suspicions in some sectors of our society. In this context, knowing the position of the teachers towards this topic is critical to guarantee the successful development of the field. This paper intends to fill a research gap in the literature by offering a technology adoption model based on TAM to study the factors that condition the use of AI-driven assessment among teachers. To present this model we offer a background on the use of AI in education and the technology acceptance among teachers, as well as the definition of the eight constructs and the relational hypotheses included. Finally, the possibilities of the model and future lines of research are discussed

Assessed by Machines: Development of a TAM-Based Tool to Measure AI-based Assessment Acceptance Among Students

[EN]In recent years, the use of more and more technology in education has been a trend. The shift of traditional learning procedures into more online and tech-ish approaches has contributed to a context that can favor integrating Artificial-Intelligence-based or algorithm-based assessment of learning. Even more, with the current acceleration because of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more learning processes are becoming online and are incorporating technologies related to automatize assessment or help instructors in the process. While we are in an initial stage of that integration, it is the moment to reflect on the students' perceptions of being assessed by a non-conscious software entity like a machine learning model or any other artificial intelligence application. As a result of the paper, we present a TAM-based model and a ready-to-use instrument based on five aspects concerning understanding technology adoption like the AI-based assessment on education. These aspects are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, behavioral intention, and actual use. The paper's outcomes can be relevant to the research community since there is a lack of this kind of proposal in the literature

Assessed by Machines: Development of a TAM-Based Tool to Measure AI-based Assessment Acceptance Among Students

In recent years, the use of more and more technology in education has been a trend. The shift of traditional learning procedures into more online and tech-ish approaches has contributed to a context that can favor integrating Artificial-Intelligence-based or algorithm-based assessment of learning. Even more, with the current acceleration because of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more learning processes are becoming online and are incorporating technologies related to automatize assessment or help instructors in the process. While we are in an initial stage of that integration, it is the moment to reflect on the students' perceptions of being assessed by a non-conscious software entity like a machine learning model or any other artificial intelligence application. As a result of the paper, we present a TAM-based model and a ready-to-use instrument based on five aspects concerning understanding technology adoption like the AI-based assessment on education. These aspects are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, behavioral intention, and actual use. The paper's outcomes can be relevant to the research community since there is a lack of this kind of proposal in the literature

Functional explanation of extreme hatching asynchrony: Male Manipulation Hypothesis

Hatching asynchrony in birds is considered an adaptation to facilitate brood reduction because under conditions of food scarcity, the smallest nestling usually dies soon after hatching, thereby minimizing parental effort. However, in species with extreme hatching asynchrony, the last hatchlings paradoxically experience a very low probability of survival and death can take so long that it can hardly be considered an adaptation. Here, we propose and experimentally tested a new adaptive hypothesis explaining the brood reduction paradox, namely the “Male Manipulation Hypothesis”. Our hypothesis suggests that by inducing asynchronous hatching, females increase the feeding requirements of the brood, which will induce males to increase provisioning effort. In addition, females may extend the period of male manipulation by feeding the smallest nestling just enough to sustain life. Our study showed that male common blackbirds (Turdus merula) increased their effort (i.e., number of food items per hour) in experimental asynchronous broods compared to synchronous broods, while females reduced their contribution, as predicted by the hypothesis

Recovering of soil contaminated by hydrocarbons mixing Recovering of soil polluted by hydrocarbons mixing

In Mexico, an agricultural soil poor in nitrogen (N) contaminated by a hydrocarbon derivative such as automotive residual oil (ARA), with a relatively high concentration of 100,000 ppm, is an environmental problem, but also because it drastically affects soil properties associated with the mineralization of organic matter and loss of fertility, since it exceeds the maximum accepted limit of 4,400 ppm of the ­Mexican standard ­called, NOM-138-SEMARNAT-2012 (NOM-138). An alternative solution is to treat it with ecological actions to eliminate the ARA and recover fertility. Therefore, the objectives of this research were: i) bioremediation of soil contaminated by 100000 ppm of ARA ii) phytoremediation using Sorghum vulgare with Aspergillus inger and Penicillium chrysogenum to decrease ARA to a value below 4400 ppm of NOM-138. For this purpose, soil recovery was performed using the variable-response: disappearance of ARA by Soxhlet at the beginning and after bioremediation and at the end of phytoremediation with S. vulgare with phenology and biomass to seedling. All experimental data were validated by ANOVA/Tukey HSD P<0.05%. The results indicated that bioremediation and phytoremediation of soil contaminated by 100,000 ppm of ARA, decreased it to 3400 ppm, a value lower than the maximum established by NOM-138, sufficient for soil recovery in agricultural production, in 120 days, a relatively short period of time

Comprendiendo la comunicación visual en las redes sociales: una propuesta real de análisis

El presente trabajo se ha realizado dentro del Programa de Doctorado en Formación en la Sociedad del Conocimiento de la Universidad de Salamanca http://knowledgesociety.usal.es[ES]Este artículo presenta un proyecto de investigación actualmente en desarrollo que pretende implementar una serie de herramientas y sistemas que permitan a investigadores entender los flujos de comunicación visual que suceden en las redes sociales, permitiendo a su vez realizar análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre dichos procesos. Dicho análisis trata de descubrir los patrones de aprendizaje por imitación que se dan en los contextos visuales de las redes sociales, así como analizar el uso del lenguaje visual dentro de las mismas, todo ello apoyado por el descubrimiento de contextos conversacionales reales donde los procesos de comunicación se producen de forma puramente visual entre usuarios que no tienen porqué tener conocimientos sobre la semántica, gramática o vocabulario implícito en el lenguaje visual. Con el fin de explicar cómo los investigadores están desarrollando los sistemas y herramientas que permiten realizar dicho análisis, el presente artículo incluye una explicación sobre el contexto de problema real, las consideraciones generales presentes en esta área de investigación, y la propuesta que los autores presentan para hacer frente a los problemas que presenta este tipo de análisis sobre imágenes y redes sociales, explicando al mismo tiempo los conceptos principales necesarios para resolver dicho problema desde un punto de vista técnico.El presente trabajo se ha realizado dentro del Programa de Doctorado en Formación en la Sociedad del Conocimiento de la Universidad de Salamanca http://knowledgesociety.usal.e

Proposing a Machine Learning Approach to Analyze and Predict Employment and its Factors

This paper presents an original study with the aim of propose and test a machine learning approach to research about employability and employment. To understand how the graduates get employed, researchers propose to build predictive models using machine learning algorithms, extracting after that the most relevant factors that describe the model and employing further analysis techniques like clustering to get deeper insights. To test the proposal, is presented a case study that involves data from the Spanish Observatory for Employability and Employment (OEEU). Using data from this project (information about 3000 students), has been built predictive models that define how these students get a job after finalizing their degrees. The results obtained in this case study are very promising, and encourage authors to refine the process and validate it in further research

Enabling adaptability in web forms based on user characteristics detection through A/B testing and machine learning

[EN] This paper presents an original study with the aim of improving users' performance in completing large questionnaires through adaptability in web forms. Such adaptability is based on the application of machine-learning procedures and an A/B testing approach. To detect the user preferences, behavior, and the optimal version of the forms for all kinds of users, researchers built predictive models using machine-learning algorithms (trained with data from more than 3000 users who participated previously in the questionnaires), extracting the most relevant factors that describe the models, and clustering the users based on their similar characteristics and these factors. Based on these groups and their performance in the system, the researchers generated heuristic rules between the different versions of the web forms to guide users to the most adequate version (modifying the user interface and user experience) for them. To validate the approach and con rm the improvements, the authors tested these redirection rules on a group of more than 1000 users. The results with this cohort of users were better than those achieved without redirection rules at the initial stage. Besides these promising results, the paper proposes

El uso de la muerte cruzada por parte del ejecutivo para el aseguramiento de la estabilidad política ecuatoriana: Caso ecuatoriano decreto ejecutivo 741

Introduction: Since the creation of the democratic states, the perseverance of their governability has been a topic of controversy when their different branches of power cannot interact constructively to safeguard the interests of the people. For this reason, legal mechanisms have been implemented with the aim of regaining governance when it is lost. In Ecuador, the concept of "muerte cruzada" (cross-death) has been used for this purpose, and we will analyze whether it is indeed a suitable approach within the country's context. Methodology: The inductive-deductive method was employed to analyze the socio-political situation in Ecuador at the time of the issuance of Executive Decree 741, within the framework of the Constitution and opinions from the Constitutional Court regarding "muerte cruzada." Type of Research: This research utilizes qualitative research, allowing us to gather and analyze relevant data on the subject, as well as opinions and perceptions from individuals with expertise in the field and the public. Results: We have been able to demonstrate that the concept of "muerte cruzada" is undoubtedly a mechanism through which governance can be restored in a state when it has been undermined by socio-political factors. This allows citizens to have the ability to elect new leaders to complete a term. Conclusion: We have concluded that while the application of "muerte cruzada" in the Ecuadorian context is indeed a suitable mechanism for recovering governance in a fractured political system, the context in which the President of the Republic found himself raises doubts about whether this concept was employed for that purpose or if it was simply a strategy to avoid facing a political trial. General Study Area: Law. Specific Study Area: Constitutional Law.Introducción: Desde la creación de los Estados democráticos el mantener la gobernabilidad de los mismos ha sido un tema de controversia cuando sus distintos poderes no pueden realizar una sinergia entre sí a fin de velar por los intereses del pueblo, es por esto que se han implementado mecanismos legales con el objetivo de recuperar la gobernabilidad de un Estado cuando esta se ha perdido, en el Ecuador la figura de la muerte cruzada ha sido usada con este objetivo para lo que analizaremos si realmente es una vía idónea en el contexto del país. Metodología: Se empleó el método inductivo-deductivo con el objetivo de analizar la coyuntura sociopolítica del Ecuador al momento de la emisión del decreto ejecutivo 741 con lo enmarcado en la Constitución y dictámenes de la Corte Constitucional referente a la muerte cruzada. Tipo de Investigación: En la presente investigación se utilizará el tipo de investigación cualitativa. lo cual nos permitirá aglomerar y analizar datos relevantes al tema, así como opiniones y percepciones de personas con experticia en la materia y ciudadanos en general. Resultados: La muerte cruzada es una figura que fomenta la alternabilidad y gobernabilidad generando que el pueblo ecuatoriano sea convocado nuevamente a elecciones con una segunda vuelta electoral. Conclusión: Se ha utilizado por primera vez en la historia democrática del Ecuador la muerte cruzada la cual aplicada en el contexto actual es un mecanismo idóneo para recuperar la gobernabilidad de un sistema político poco funcional. Sin embargo, dado el contexto en el que se encontraba el Presidente de la República deja a la duda si esta figura fue empleada con ese objetivo, o fue simplemente una estrategia para no enfrentar su juicio político. Área de Estudio General: Derecho. Área de Estudio Específico:  Derecho Constitucional