Cultura de ápices caulinares e termoterapia na recuperação de plantas livres de vírus de alho

A cultura de ápices caulinares de alho, associada à termoterapia a seco (exposição dos bulbilhos a temperatura de 37°C, por um período de 35 dias) foi essencial para recuperação de plantas livres de vírus das cultivar de alho Amarante. Nestas condições, 70% dos explantes inoculados se desenvolveram in vitro e produziram plantas, das quais 77% não apresentaram partículas virais quando indexadas por ISEM. Isto resulta em um índice de aproveitamento de 54% dos bulbilhos submetidos à termoterapia. O aumento da temperatura na termoterapia para 40°C reduziu a regeneração in vitro para 20%, e 90% dessas plantas estavam livres de vírus, com um índice final de aproveitamento de 18%.Garlic shoot tip culture associated with dry heat thermotherapy (cloves exposed to 37°C for 35 days) were essential for recovering virus free plants of the cv Amarante. In this condition 70% of the explants developed in vitro and produced plants. A total of 77% of those plants was virus free when indexed by ISEM, which resulted in a final index of 54% of virus free plants from treated cloves. The percentage of regeneration decreased to 20% as the temperature increased up to 40°C. However 90% of those plants were virus free, leading to a final index of 18% virus free plants out of treated cloves

Reaction of passion fruit genotypes to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV)

O endurecimento dos frutos causado pelo vírus Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) é considerada a virose economicamente mais importante no maracujazeiro-azedo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.). Com o objetivo de avaliar a reação de genótipos de maracujazeiro-azedo ao vírus do endurecimento do fruto implantou-se em casa-de-vegetação na Estação Biológica da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) um experimento utilizando-se mudas provenientes de sementes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições e 4 plantas por parcela, testando-se 62 genótipos. A inoculação do vírus foi feita mecanicamente utilizando-se o extrato obtido a partir de material foliar sintomático em solução tampão fosfato de sódio e o abrasivo “celite”, em folhas de mudas com 150 dias de idade. Foram realizadas duas avaliações em intervalos de 15 dias. A avaliação da severidade do CABMV foi feita através de uma escala de notas de 1 a 3, sendo 1 folhas sem sintomas de mosaico; 2 folhas com mosaico leve e sem deformações foliares; 3 folhas com mosaico severo, com bolhas e deformações foliares. Na segunda avaliação, os genótipos MAR 20#35, MAR 20#11, MAR 20#51, MAR 20#32 e MAR 20#44 apresentaram a maior porcentagem de plantas resistentes (88%, 87%, 81%, 75%, 73%, respectivamente) e os genótipos MAR 20#09, MAR 20#49, MAR 20#02, MAR 20#27, MAR 20#62, MAR 20#50 e MAR 20#15 apresentaram a menor porcentagem de plantas resistentes (19%, 19%, 13%, 13%, 13%, 7% e 6%, respectivamente). Foram selecionadas plantas resistentes, para posterior inoculação e seleção, dando-se continuidade ao programa de melhoramento genético. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe disease caused by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) is considered the economically most important viruses in Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.). In order to investigate the reaction of Passionfruit genotypes to CABMV, an experiment was carried out in glasshouse conditions at the experimental station of Brasilia University. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications and six plants per plot. A number of 62 genotypes were tested. The plants were mechanically inoculated using an extract obtained from a symptomatic leaf material in a solution of sodium phosphate and an abrasive named “celite”, in leaves of seedling with 150 days of age. Two evaluations have been done, at 15 days interval. The score were done using a lesion scale graded from 1 to 3, where 1 means no disease, 2 leafs with mild mosaic and no leaf deformation, and 3 leafs with severe mosaic, blisters and leaf deformations. The genotypes MAR 20#35, MAR 20#11, MAR 20#51, MAR 20#32 e MAR 20#44 showed the higher percentage of resistant plants (88%, 87%, 81%, 75%, 73%, respectively) and the genotypes MAR 20#09, MAR 20#49, MAR 20#02, MAR 20#27, MAR 20#62, MAR 20#50 e MAR 20#15 showed the lower percentage of resistant plants (19%, 19%, 13%, 13%, 13%, 7% e 6%, respectively), in the second evaluation. The progenies with the highest level of resistance were chosen for future inoculation and for future selection, continuing genetic improvement program

Priming, seed quality and flowering synchronism in a seed production field of the maize hybrid gnz 2004

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do condicionamento fisiológico e da qualidade de sementes sobre a época de florescimento de plantas de milho, foi realizado o presente trabalho. Foram utilizados lotes de sementes com qualidade fisiológica distinta de duas linhagens. Parte das sementes de cada lote foi condicionada em água, por período de 24 horas, totalizando quatro tratamentos, os quais foram avaliados na ausência e presença do "split" (sincronia de plantio) recomendado. Na área experimental, cada parcela foi composta por seis linhas de quatro metros cada uma, seguindo o delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a porcentagem da emergência das plantas em campo, altura das plantas, as datas em que ocorreram 50% e 100% de liberação do pólen e de emissão do estilo-estigma e, ainda, a data da ausência de liberação de pólen das plantas do parental masculino e receptividade do estilo-estigma para as do parental feminino e a data em que as sementes estavam no estádio de desenvolvimento LL3. Quando foram utilizadas sementes com alta qualidade e sem condicionamento, não houve necessidade de se efetuar o "split". O mesmo ocorreu com sementes não condicionadas e com alta qualidade do parental mais tardio, associadas com sementes de baixa qualidade e condicionadas do parental mais precoce. Foi observado, também, que a diferença existente no florescimento dos parentais praticamente se estendeu até o desenvolvimento das sementes no estádio LL3.In order to evaluate the effect of priming and physiological seed quality on maize flowering aiming the production of hybrid seeds, the following experimental procedure was carried out. Seed lots with distinct physiological quality of two lines were used. Part of each seed lot obtained was primed in water for 24 hours on a total of four treatments, which were evaluated in the presence and absence of the recommended split. In the experimental field, each plot was composed of six lines of four meters each, following the experimental design which consisted of a randomized complete block in four replications. The following variables were measured: percentage of field emergence, plant height, dates when 50% and 100% of pollen release and the emission of "stigma-style" occurred; moreover the date of no pollen release of male parent and receptivity of "stigma-style" towards the female parent and the date when the seeds were at stage ML 3 of development. When high quality seeds and no priming were used, it was not necessary to use the split. The same happened to high quality non-primed seeds of the later parent associated with low quality and primed seeds of the earlier parent. It was also observed that the difference in flowering date between the parents extended until the date of ML 3

Breast reconstruction with implant: creating a pocket with a reverse serratus anterior muscle flap

Introduction: Immediate breast reconstruction plays an important role in the treatment of breast cancer and relatively promotes patients' emotional and physical recovery. It may be difficult to cover the entire prosthesis with a muscle flap in single-stage breast reconstructions based on a permanent implant. This study aimed to present a muscle pocket for the implant using a reverse anterior serratus muscle flap associated with submuscular dissection of the pectoralis major muscle. Methods: This was a prospective study comprising 61 patients undergoing mastectomy followed by immediate reconstruction (74 reconstructions) with implant and anterior serratus muscle reverse flap associated with submuscular pectoralis dissection between January 2017 and July 2018. In this study, age, adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies, implant volume, length of hospital stay, follow-up, and complications, including functional deficit and reconstruction failure, were analyzed. Results: The technique described was used to operate 74 patients with a mean age of 49.2 years. The volume of the implant varied from 200 to 500 cc, and the mean follow-up time was 14.9 months. Complications such as hematoma, suture dehiscence, skin flap necrosis, and implant extrusion were observed in 14 patients (18.9%). Conclusion: In most cases, breast reconstruction with an anterior serratus muscle reverse flap associated with submuscular dissection of the pectoralis major muscle allows the complete muscle coverage of the implant, reduces the occurrence of major surgical complications, and has a good aesthetic result

Cartografia e diplomacia: usos geopolíticos da informação toponímica (1750-1850)

O artigo explora dimensões geopolíticas da toponímia, registradas em documentos cartográficos, desde as reformas empreendidas pelo consulado pombalino em meados do século XVIII, até às primeiras décadas do século XIX, em meio ao processo de afirmação do Estado imperial pós-colonial.This paper explores the geopolitical dimensions of toponymy as registered in cartographic documents dating from the reforms pushed through by the consulate of Marquis of Pombal in the mid 18th century to the early decades of the 19th century, as the post-colonial imperial State established itself

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio