Metodología de preparación y presentación de trabajos científicos en medicina

Podeu consultar la versió en català a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/1701[eng] This paper describes the implementation of a free election grade in the Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona in which the aims are to elaborate and preparate a scientific work by the second cycle students of Medicine.[spa] Este artículo describe la implementación de una asignatura de libre elección en el Campus de Bellvitge, Universidad de Barcelona, cuyos objetivos son elaborar y preparar un trabajo científico por alumnos de segundo ciclo de Medicina

Collision detection algorithm for MIRADAS

Mid-resolution Infrared Astronomical Spectrograph (MIRADAS) is a near-infrared multi-object echelle spectrograph for Gran Telescopio de Canarias. It selects targets from a 5-arc min field of view using up to 12 deployable probe arms with pick-off mirror optics. The focal plane where the probe arms move has a diameter around 250 mm. The specific geometry of the probe arms requires an optimized collision detection algorithm for the determination of the target assignment and the trajectories determination. We present the general polygonal chain intersec- tion algorithm, which is used to detect the possible collisions and avoid them. It is a generali- zation of the Polygonal Chain Intersection algortihm, allowing to work with vertical segments, providing a solution for the intersection of any class of polygons. Its use has reduced the time required to detect the collisions between 3 and 4 times compared with a naive solution when used in MIRADAS

PRENSA MEDICA ESPAÑOLA DE ENTREGUERRAS: "LEVANTE MEDICO" (MURCIA). 1928-1932

Levante Médico is a part of the medical journalism in the Murcia of the beginning of XX century. It was a monthly publication edited in Murcia from 1928 as the second phase of Revista de Tisiología y Especialidades. Both journals were founded and directed by the phthisiologist Juan Antonio Martínez Ladrón de Guevara. Moreover, the journal became is the official publication of the Medical Body for Municipal Welfare in February, 1930. In the present paper we study its structure and content, and make a detailed bibliometrical analysis from which we obtain 247 works published in the journal, including original papers, not original papers, papers proceeding from speeches and communications, and bibliographical reviews. The predominant thematic content corresponds to microbiology and infectious and parsitic diseases, analyzed from the perspective of the clinic and of the epidemiology.Levante Médico forma parte del periodismo médico murciano de principios del siglo XX. Era una publicación mensual editada en Murcia a partir de 1928, como segunda época de la Revista de Tisiología y Especialidades, ambas fundadas y dirigidas por el tisiólogo murciano Juan Antonio Martínez Ladrón de Guevara. Además la revista se convirtió en el órgano oficial del Cuerpo Médico de la Beneficencia Municipal desde febrero de 1930. En el presente artículo estudiamos su estructura y contenido, y realizamos un análisis bibliométrico detallado, del que resultan 247 trabajos publicados en la revista, que comprenden artículos originales, artículos no originales, artículos procedentes de discursos y comunicaciones, y reseñas bibliográficas. El contenido temático predominante es el referido a microbiología y enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias, analizados desde la perspectiva de la clínica y de la epidemiología

Transient hypothyroidism after iodine-131 therapy for Grave's disease

We studied 355 patients with Grave's disease to characterize transient hypothyroidism and its prognostic value following 131I therapy. Methods: the patients received therapeutic 131I treatment as follows: 333 received a dose 10 mCi (12.8 +/- 2.9 mCi). Diagnosis of transient hypothyroidism was based on low T4, regardless of TSH within the first year after 131I followed by recovery of T4 and normal TSH. Results: after administration of 10 mCi) of 131I. Iodine-131 uptake > 70% at 2 hr before treatment was a risk factor for developing transient hypothyroidism (Odds ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 0.9-9.4). At diagnosis of transient hypothyroidism, basal TSH levels were high (51%), normal (35%) or low (14%); therefore, the transient hypothyroidism was not centralized. If hypothyroidism developed during the first 6 mo after basal TSH > 45 mU/liter ruled out transient hypothyroidism. Conclusion: the development of transient hypothyroidism and its hormonal pattern did not influence long-term thyroid function. Since no prognostic factors reliably predicted transient hypothyroidism before 131I or at the time of diagnosis, if hypothyroidism appears within the first months after 131I, the reevaluation of thyroid function later is warranted to avoid unnecessary chronic replacement therapy

Molecular Chaperone HSPA2 Distribution During Hyaluronic Acid Selection in Human Sperm

During fertilization, sperm hyaluronidase activity is essential for spermatozoa to successfully penetrate the hyaluronic acid-enriched extracellular matrix of the cumulus cells. Since molecular chaperones, as the heat shock protein A2, are typically involved in bringing hyaluronic acid receptors to the cell surface, here we evaluated the presence and spatial location of HSPA2 on human spermatozoa based on its hyaluronic acid binding capacity. This study included 16 normozoospermic sperm samples from volunteering donors. The location of HSPA2 was studied in cells before and after 1-h incubation under capacitating conditions, as well as in spermatozoa selected according to their ability of binding to hyaluronic acid. Our results showed no significant differences in HSPA2 immunofluorescent cells before and after 1 h of incubation in capacitating conditions. Nevertheless, after hyaluronic acid selection, the percentage of HSPA2-labelled cells increased significantly, indicating that the interaction with hyaluronic acid may induce the unmasking of HSPA2 epitopes. Furthermore, after swim-up and hyaluronic acid selection, spermatozoa presented a highly immunostained equatorial band with a homogeneous fluorescence throughout the acrosomal region. This distribution has been previously suggested to have important implications in male fertility. Noteworthy, a homogeneous fluorescence among the acrosomal region with a more intense labelling at the apical region was observed only in hyaluronic acid bound sperm cells, which may be associated with primary gamete recognition. Our findings suggest that the hyaluronic acid selection technique and HSPA2 biomarker should be considered candidates to complement the classic seminal analysis before recommending an appropriate assisted reproduction technique.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by the Human Fertility Cathedra of the University of Alicante and R&D&I projects financed by competitive public entities (ViGrob-186, UAIND17-03, PGC2018-094781-B-100)

Autores citados en los trabajos españoles de cirugía digestiva (1991-1995)

The references contained in the 483 surgical papers published by Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas (1991-1995) were analysed with the aim of identifying the scientific influences exercised on Spanish authors in digestive surgery. The authors cited were distributed in decreasing order of the number of citations. This distribution was compared with the theoretical one postulated by Lotka, and with that obtained when only the first author of the cited papers was considered. 23,326 citations to 15,886 different authors were taken from 8,125 references. The distribution of the cited authors and the number of citations per author follows the expression Ac=13931c-2.9 and the citations to the first author of the cited papers to Ac=6515.8c-3.23 . Both expressions show that there exists a wide spread of citations in authors with little influence. The high influence of Spanish authors on themselves is confirmed: the most cited author is a Spaniard, as are 3 of the 5 most cited authors and 6 of the 20 most cited authors. Seven (one of them Spanish) of these 20 authors don't have collaboration with the rest, and the other 13 are organised in five scientific teams, two of which are Spanish.Para identificar las influencias científicas ejercidas sobre los autores españoles en cirugía digestiva, se analizaron las referencias contenidas en los 483 artículos de cirugía publicados en Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas entre 1991 y 1995. Los autores citados fueron distribuidos en orden decreciente del número de citas recibidas y esta distribución fue comparada con la teórica de Lotka y con la obtenida cuando se considera exclusivamente al primer firmante del artículo citado. Hemos obtenido 23.326 citas a 15.886 autores distintos, procedentes de 8.125 referencias. La distribución de autores y citas por autor se ajusta a la expresión Ac = 13931c-2,9, y las citas a primeros firmantes a la expresión Ac = 6515,8c-3,23 ; ambas indican una alta dispersión de citas entre autores escasamente influyentes. Se confirma la elevada influencia de los autores españoles, ya que son de esta nacionalidad el más citado, tres de los cinco autores más citados y seis de los 20 más citados. De estos 20 autores, siete (uno español) no colaboran con el resto, y los otros 13 se organizan en cinco equipos de trabajo, dos de ellos españoles

Influencia de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria y de corta estancia en las diferencias por sexo de las hernias inguinocrurales

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar en que medida la cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA) y de corta estancia mantienen, aumentan o disminuyen las desigualdades por sexo en la asistencia sanitaria de las intervenciones quirúrgicas practicadas por hernia inguinocrural (HIC). Material y métodos: Estudio transversal sobre 3.834 reparaciones (3.076 hombres/758 mujeres) de HIC practicadas en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante entre 1995 y 2004. Fuente: conjunto mínimo básico de datos (CMBD). Variables: edad, sexo, diagnóstico principal, procedimiento quirúrgico, fechas de intervención y de alta. Cálculo de frecuencias y tasas por sexo, edad y tipo de admisión: contraste de proporciones. Estancia media (EM) mediante Contraste Mann-Whitney. Resultados: El 78% de las HIC fueron operadas en régimen de CMA o corta estancia, el resto con estancia de tres días o mayor. El 50% de todas las reparaciones se practicaron en niños menores de 14 años, siendo la indicación de CMA mayor en las niñas. A los pacientes mayores de 55 años se les tiende a admitir menos en CMA, con mayor proporción de mujeres. RatioH/M de todas las HIC = 4,06. En CMA: 0-14 ratioH/M = 3,25; > 55 años ratioH/M = 6,87 (p 55 ratioH/M = 3,65. EM total: > 55 = 3,66H y 4,09M (p 55 = 1,04H y 1,27M (p 55 = 6.87 (p 55 = 3.65. LOS in > 55 (AMB and Stay): 3.66 M 4.09W (p 55: 1.04 M 1.27W (p < 0,001). Conclusions: AMB is the most suitable way for repairing uncomplicated I&FH in men as well as in women, and even more so for children, adolescents, young people and adults. Nevertheless, gender bias in patients older than 55 is revealed: a greater proportion of women are admitted for 3 or more days as compared to men. However LOS is shorter in women. On the other hand, the amount of women treated as AMB is seven times smaller than men, being LOS longer for women in this group. That shows a difference in medical attention depending on sex for the same pathological process and age

Designing Heritage Itineraries in Trainee Teachers Through Virtual Inter-University and Collaboration Groups: The Examples of Barcelona and La Laguna in Social Sciences Teaching

In the following paper, we present some general results of an innovative teaching experience carried out by the University of La Laguna (ULL) and the University of Barcelona (UB). The project took place during a 6-week period by applying for cooperative work among early childhood (n = 109) and primary (n = 86) education trainee teachers in a selected virtual environment (ULL). One of the key aspects was the inter-university student's grouping among both bachelor programs (early childhood and primary). The project had two main aims, which are as follows: (1) to familiarize students with heritage itineraries as key tools for the teaching of Social Sciences and (2) to develop professional competencies related to the coordination of teachers among educational levels, teaching, and learning strategies when using historical heritage and improving digital competencies. To achieve these aims, a three-phase intervention was designed (planning, design, and evaluation), all including active learning and the use of local environments as a teaching resource. To investigate the outcomes of the project, two sources of data were analyzed, namely, the results of a rubric and an opinion questionnaire (Cronbach's α = 0.693), applied pre- (n = 185), and post- (n = 152) intervention. The descriptive statistical analysis was carried out with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; v. 22) showing the positive learning outcomes of the participants. The rubric's results showed that collaborative work and skills development scored higher, while contents of Social Sciences and the handling of heritage itineraries as teaching strategies were correct but lower than the other parameters analyzed. The questionnaire showed a positive perception of working together in consecutive educational levels and of the uses of digital technology for collaborative work but also indicated some difficulties regarding group organization, especially in the first weeks. The main results of the project highlight several aspects. (1) The need to apply pedagogical, technological, and educational resources to promote active and meaningful learning in future teachers. (2) The need to use virtual environments as learning and communication spaces in inter-university contexts, and (3) the importance of using local environments as scenarios for teaching Social Sciences

Arylsulfatase A Remodeling during Human Sperm In Vitro Capacitation Using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM)

Capacitation drives sperm biophysical and biochemical changes for sperm-oocyte interactions. It is a well-known fact that the molecular complex arylsulfatase A (ARSA), hyaluronidase sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1), and heat shock protein 2 (HSPA2) plays a significant role in sperm–zona pellucida (ZP) binding. However, the time-dependent capacitation effects on the sperm surface ARSA presence and specific topographic distributions remain to be elucidated. Here, we quantified the ARSA density and specific membrane domain locations before (US) and after in vitro capacitation (one and four hours; CS1–CS4) in human sperm using high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and immunogold labeling. Our results showed a significant and progressive capacitation-mediated increase of labeled spermatozoa from the US (37%) to CS4 (100%) physiological conditions. In addition, surface mapping revealed a close relationship between the ARSA residues and their acrosomal repositioning. Compared with the ARSA surface heterogeneous distribution found in US, the CS1–4 conditions exhibited clustering on the peri-acrosomal region, showing that time-dependent capacitation also induced a ARSA residue dramatic translocation on sperm surfaces. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular remodeling events preceding sperm-oocyte interactions.This research was funded by the Human Fertility Cathedra of the University of Alicante and R&D&I projects financed by competitive public entities (ViGrob-186, UAIND17-03 and PGC2018-094781-B-100)

Specific lectin binding sites during in vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction in boar spermatozoa

Sperm glycocalyx and plasma membrane undergo outstanding modifications during fertilization. However, it is unclear how in vitro capacitation time and acrosome reaction affect the specific location of boar sperm glycoconjugates. This study aimed to identify lectin binding patterns and to describe the sequential changes during different in vitro capacitation times (1 and 4 h) and acrosome reaction in boar spermatozoa. With Aleuria aurantia agglutinin (AAA), most uncapacitated cells were labelled in the postacrosomal region. Nevertheless, after 1 h of in vitro capacitation and the acrosome reaction, most AAA binding sites were in the acrosomal region. With Concanavalin A (ConA), most sperm were labeled in the postacrosomal region before and after capacitation. After the acrosome reaction induction, this pattern changed to a highly stained acrosomal and postacrosomal regions. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding sites were in the acrosomal region in uncapacitated and capacitated sperm. In acrosome reacted sperm after 4h capacitation, the most frequent pattern showed remaining positive labeling in the central area of the head. With Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), most uncapacitated cells showed a postacrosomal region staining. Nevertheless, faint stained all over the head and highly acrosomal region labelling was observed in the major part of capacitated and acrosome reacted sperm respectively. With Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), the most representative pattern in uncapacitated, capacitated and acrosome reacted sperm was labelled in the acrosomal region. Regarding capacitation time, the most significant changes in the most representative pattern were observed in acrosome reacted spermatozoa after 4 h of in vitro capacitation.This research was supported by AGL2015-70159-P, PGC2018-094781-B-100 and PEJ2018-002736-P (MCINN/AEI/FEDER,UE)