Guarding the border: watchtowers of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. Characterization and vulnerability assessment

RUIZ-JARAMILLO, J. y GARCÍA-PULIDO, L.J., 2018. Guarding the border: watchtowers of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. Characterization and vulnerability assessment. Heritage 2018: 6th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development. Granada: Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, pp. 1511-1518The Islamic Nasrid kingdom of Granada occupied the mountainous areas of the south-eastern of the Iberian Peninsula. The frontier between the Nasrid kingdom and the Christian kingdom of Castile from 1232 to 1492 was controlled by an extensive network of watchtowers built by Nasrid through the provinces of Granada, Malaga, Almeria and the eastern parts of Jaen, Cordoba and Cadiz. They allowed controlling this frontier stablishing visual communication between them and the Nasrid centre at the Alhambra citadel. Even protected by Spanish Heritage law, many of these medieval towers and their cultural landscapes are in severe risk be-cause of anthropic action as well as natural deterioration. Within the framework of the R&D project called ‘Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y docu-mentación científica (Nazalaya)”, the towers are being studied. As a complement of planimetry obtained by procedures as photogrammetry or terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), complete architectural surveys using non-destructive techniques are being performed as part of the analysis to obtain a global description of construction systems used.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Muslim heritage and environment: the case of the watchtowers of the nasrid kingdom of Granada (thirteenth to fifteenth century)

Luis José García-Pulido y Jonathan Ruiz-Jaramillo. “Muslim heritage and environment: the case of the watchtowers of the nasrid kingdom of Granada (thirteenth to fifteenth century)”. En: Heritage 2018. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development (10th Anniversary Edition) Granada, Spain, 12-15 June 2018. Edited by Rogério Amoêda, Sérgio Lira, Cristina Pinheiro, Juan M. Santiago Zaragoza, Julio Calvo Serrano, Fabián García Carrillo. Editorial Universidad de Granada y Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, Granada, 2018. e-ISBN 978-84-338-6261-7This paper is devoted to the study of the different towers of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada (1232 to 1492) and their linked landscapes, as well as the evolution, preservation, resilience or transformation of their environment until present days. These late Islamic territories in medieval Iberia occupied the mountainous areas of the southeastern area of today’s Spain. There, a natural border was established between the Nasrid kingdom and the expansion of Castile during more than two centuries and a half. To control this frontier and establish visual communication between it and the Nasrid power centres lead by the Alhambra citadel, an extensive network of watchtowers and defensive towers linked to farmsteads was constructed. These towers are located in unique sites; being erected as reference landmarks of the territories on which they stand. These fortifications, with very diverse typology and morphology, are a faithful testimony to the different territorial structure that has taken place throughout history.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This paper has been written within the framework of the Spanish Proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia) entitled ‘Las atalayas que defendieron el reino nazarí de Granada. Análisis y documentación científica (Nazalaya)’ (‘The watchtowers that defended the nasrid kingdom of Granada. Analysis and scientific survey’, HAR2016-79689-P), directed by PhD Luis José García-Pulido and PhD Jonathan Ruiz Jaramillo. This contribution is also been framed within the projects ‘La construcción de un paisaje: arquitectura de tapial en la Alta Andalucía en el siglo XIII. Estudio y análisis del sistema de torres andalusíes en el valle de Segura de la Sierra’ (‘The building of a Landscape: rammed earth architecture in High Andalusia during the thirteenth century. Analysis of the andalusí tower system in the Segura de la Sierra valley’, Proyecto de Investigación Precompetitivo (mod. A) from the Plan Propio de la Universidad de Málaga), and ‘Torres medievales y modernas conservadas en Andalucía. Documentación gráfica, análisis científico e interrelaciones’ (‘Medieval and Modern towers preserved in Andalusia. Graphical survey, scientific analysis and interrelations’, X Convocatoria de Proyectos de Investigación de la Fundación Pública Andaluza Centro de Estudios Andaluces en la modalidad de proyectos individuales, PRY/259/17)

Ontological Stakeholder View: An Innovative Proposition

This article describes a theoretical way of understanding business enterprise, for what it is used the stakeholder theory as a theory of the firm. Thus, the purpose of this article is to show an innovative perspective called ontological perspective of stakeholders that relies on a phenomenological model where the subjective perspective of agents is the key, from a purely monetarist model to an economic, social and emotional value creation model, and from a deductive model of stakeholder interests to an inductive model. The main contributions are: add a new perspective to the different classifications made of stakeholder theory, avoid monetarist reductionism under the concept of value in a way that the manager takes into account all interconnected interests of stakeholders, and finally prioritize interests map instead of roles map without accepting the assumption that the role involves joint and no conflicting interests

The functional diversity in Colombia: the protection of persons with disabilities in the Colombian social security system

En los últimos tiempos, la protección de las personas con discapacidad en Colombia ha experimentado un notable progreso, pasando del “modelo médico rehabilitador” al “modelo social” que pone el énfasis en la rehabilitación de una sociedad, que ha de ser concebida y diseñada para hacer frente a las necesidades de todas las personas, gestionando las diferencias e integrando la diversidad. En un principio, su sistema de Seguridad Social Integral, reglamentado primordialmente por la Ley 100 de 1993, contenía una única protección de las personas frente a la invalidez; sin embargo, en años posteriores se ha producido un amplio desarrollo jurisprudencial y normativo que ha contribuido a extender esta protección a un mayor número de personas.In recent years, the protection of persons with disabilities has made remarkable progress in Colombia, moving from the "rehabilitative medical model" to the "social model" which emphasis on the rehabilitation of a society, which must be conceived and designed to address everybody’s needs, managing differences and integrating diversity. Initially, its Integral Social Security system, ruled primarily by Law 100 of 1993, contained a single protection of people against disability; however, in later years there has been an extensive jurisprudential and normative development, which has contributed to grant this protection to more people

Trabajo Social en el ámbito de la cooperación al desarrollo. Aportes desde la Antropología Social

La cooperación al desarrollo se está convirtiendo en uno de los nuevos campos de empleo para los trabajadores sociales. A la hora de diseñar y evaluar programas en el campo de la cooperación para el desarrollo el Trabajo Social deberá servirse - y de hecho se sirve; como, por otra parte, viene siendo tradicional a lo largo de su historia- de los conocimientos que le aportan las distintas Ciencias Sociales. Este texto señala algunos de los aportes que desde el ámbito de la Antropología Social se han realizado con respecto a la problemática del desarrollo, que deberían ser tenidos en cuenta e integrados tanto, de modo general, por la cooperación al desarrollo como, de manera más particular, por el Trabajo Social desempeñado en el seno de programas de cooperación al desarrollo.Development cooperation is become in one of the new fields of employ for social workers. At the time to design and evaluate programs in the cooperation field for development, the Social Work should server -and indeed it server as has been customary along its history- of the different Social Science's knowledge. This text indicates some of the contributions that from Social Anthropology field have been realized with respect to difficulties of development, which should be taken into account and integrated both, in a general way, by development cooperation and, more particularly, by Social Work carried out within development cooperation programs

Luis María Pastor: un economista en la España de Isabel II

Editada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaEl propósito de este artículo es sacar a la luz la obra de Luis María Pastor, un economista español de mediados del siglo XIX, que formuló teorías y propuestas de política económica que demuestran un conocimiento de la economía algo superior al que suele suponerse a los autores de ese período. Al hilo de la exposición de su obra, se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre la historia económica y política de la época isabelina.The purpose of this article is to review the works written by Luis María Pastor, an Spanish economist of mid-19th century, who made theories and proposals of political economy that show an knowledge of the economy above it is supposed. With the exposition of his work, some considerations about the economic and political history of the Isabel II times are made.Publicad

Jerome Bruner and the organization of early skilled action

Existen figuras en los diferentes ámbitos del saber de los que se puede decir que hay un antes y un después, y ese es el caso de Jerome Bruner. Su dilatada trayectoria académica y científica le ha permitido el poder aportar luz y conocimiento en diferentes campos de estudio, desde la psicología al derecho (Bruner, 1957; 1964; 1965; 1970; 1973a y b; 1974; 1986; 1988; 2001; 2004; 2006; 2013; Bruner y Bruner, 1968; Bruner y Koslowski, 1972; Bruner y Haste, 1990), lo que ha favorecido que numerosos estudiosos se hayan subido a sus hombros para seguir en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. Para Bruner (1966) el ser humano es la asignatura a estudiar. Su larga trayectoria vital le permitió conocer y trabajar con los más grandes de su época en campos de estudio muy diferentes, y es en la década de los 70 cuando decide dedicarse a la psicología evolutiva, ya que como él mismo escribía: "Comencé mi investigación con bebés sin saber muy bien lo que pretendía con ellos... No creo que peque de superficial al decir que el trabajo desarrollado en el Centro y en los grupos anejos durante esos 5 a 6 años contribuyó a socavar un poco los cimientos del concepto de infancia desvalida... !Jamás sospeche entonces que íbamos a armar tanto revuelo en la investigación sobre la primera infancia! (Palacios, 1988 pp.211-270).</p