Results of the Spanish Experimental Fishing in NAFO Subarea 1

An experimental fishing was carried out with a commercial Spanish vessel from October to December of the year 2003 in the Subarea 1. The main objective of the experimental fishing was to search for cephalopods species concentrations inside the territorial waters of Greenland. During the experimental fishing a scientific observer stayed on board to collect effort data, catches and yields by haul and Division, strata and gear. The observer carried out length distributions samplings of the following species: Pandalus borealis, Sebastes spp., Hippoglossoides platessoides, Gadus morhua and Macrourus berglax. Biological samplings of Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, Hippoglossoides platessoides, Gadus morhua and Gadus ogac were also carried out. Greenland halibut was the main species caught and the cephalopods, target species, have not been found in the experimental fishing

Spanish shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fishery in Flemish cap in 1997

4 páginas, 4 tablas.-- Scientific Council MeetingIn 1997 one Spanish trawler have been involved in the shrimp fishery in Flemish Cap (NAFO Div. 3M) from March to May. A scientific observer remained on board this trawler during all the fishing period, providing information on the fishing activity and carrying out biological sampling. The gear used was a twin trawl, with a 19 mm bar spacing sorting grate. In this paper, the main results of this fishery are presented.Peer reviewe

Mineralogía y evolución de las pegmatitas graníticas de La Cabrera (Sistema Central Español)

En relación con el plutonismo granítico de La Cabrera se pueden distinguir varias clases de pegmatitas, atendiendo al tipo de granito que las origina, forma de emplazamiento y relación con el encajante. Estas pegmatitas están constituidas fundamentalmente por cuarzo, albita, feldespato potásico y micas, pudiendo ir acompañadas de cordierita, granate y turmalina. Ocasionalmente se ha constatado la presencia de apatito, rutilo, casiteria, gadolinita, thalenita y bavenita. Son características generales de estas pegmatitas la pobreza en ferromagnesianos, ausencia casi absoluta de minerales fosfatados, así como una gran escasez de moscovita que cuando aparece tiene un carácter tardío en relación con los principales minerales pegmatíticos s.s. Algunos cuerpos pegmatíticos presentan unos procesos evolutivos complejos que denotan una cierta actividad hidrotermal, continuada hasta una etapa de muy baja temperatura. Esta evolución cabe referirla a dos etapas principales: a) Etapa de formación de clinozoisita, prehnita, axinita. b) Etapa de formación de ceolitas. En relación con la primera de estas etapas y de una manera ocasional, pueden formarse algunos sulfuros, así como wolframita, schelita y fluorita. Aceptándose una presión menor de 2 kb durante la formación de estas pegmatitas, se discuten una serie de posibles reacciones para la formación de los nuevos minerales anteriormente citados, así como su posible intervalo termodinámico de cristalización

Prediction of osteoporotic hip fracture in postmenopausal women through patient-specific FE analyses and machine learning

[EN] A great challenge in osteoporosis clinical assessment is identifying patients at higher risk of hip fracture. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is the current gold-standard, but its classification accuracy is limited to 65%. DXA-based Finite Element (FE) models have been developed to predict the mechanical failure of the bone. Yet, their contribution has been modest. In this study, supervised machine learning (ML) is applied in conjunction with clinical and computationally driven mechanical attributes. Through this multi-technique approach, we aimed to obtain a predictive model that outperforms BMD and other clinical data alone, as well as to identify the best-learned ML classifier within a group of suitable algorithms. A total number of 137 postmenopausal women (81.4 +/- 6.95 years) were included in the study and separated into a fracture group (n = 89) and a control group (n = 48). A semi-automatic and patient-specific DXA-based FE model was used to generate mechanical attributes, describing the geometry, the impact force, bone structure and mechanical response of the bone after a sideways-fall. After preprocessing the whole dataset, 19 attributes were selected as predictors. Support Vector Machine (SVM) with radial basis function (RBF), Logistic Regression, Shallow Neural Networks and Random Forest were tested through a comprehensive validation procedure to compare their predictive performance. Clinical attributes were used alone in another experimental setup for the sake of comparison. SVM was confirmed to generate the best-learned algorithm for both experimental setups, including 19 attributes and only clinical attributes. The first, generated the best-learned model and outperformed BMD by 14pp. The results suggests that this approach could be easily integrated for effective prediction of hip fracture without interrupting the actual clinical workflow.This study was partially funded by two grants Catedra UPVFundacion Quaes, obtained by Eduardo Villamor Medina and Antonio Cutillas Pardines, and one FPI grant (FPI-SP20170111) from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia obtained by Eduardo Villamor Medina.Villamor, E.; Monserrat Aranda, C.; Del Río, L.; Romero-Martín, J.; Rupérez Moreno, MJ. (2020). Prediction of osteoporotic hip fracture in postmenopausal women through patient-specific FE analyses and machine learning. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 193:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105484S111193Holt, G., Smith, R., Duncan, K., Hutchison, J. D., & Reid, D. (2009). Changes in population demographics and the future incidence of hip fracture. Injury, 40(7), 722-726. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2008.11.004Cooper, C., Campion, G., & Melton, L. J. (1992). Hip fractures in the elderly: A world-wide projection. Osteoporosis International, 2(6), 285-289. doi:10.1007/bf01623184Cooper, C., Atkinson, E. J., Jacobsen, S. J., O’Fallon, W. M., & Melton, L. J. (1993). Population-Based Study of Survival after Osteoporotic Fractures. American Journal of Epidemiology, 137(9), 1001-1005. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116756Geusens, P., van Geel, T., & van den Bergh, J. (2010). Can hip fracture prediction in women be estimated beyond bone mineral density measurement alone? Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 2(2), 63-77. doi:10.1177/1759720x09359541El Maghraoui, A., & Roux, C. (2008). DXA scanning in clinical practice. QJM, 101(8), 605-617. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcn022Chevalley, T., Rizzoli, R., Nydegger, V., Slosman, D., Tkatch, L., Rapin, C.-H., … Bonjour, J.-P. (1991). Preferential low bone mineral density of the femoral neck in patients with a recent fracture of the proximal femur. Osteoporosis International, 1(3), 147-154. doi:10.1007/bf01625444Li, N., Li, X., Xu, L., Sun, W., Cheng, X., & Tian, W. (2013). Comparison of QCT and DXA: Osteoporosis Detection Rates in Postmenopausal Women. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2013, 1-5. doi:10.1155/2013/895474Fountoulis, G., Kerenidi, T., Kokkinis, C., Georgoulias, P., Thriskos, P., Gourgoulianis, K., … Vlychou, M. (2016). Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in Male Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by DXA and Quantitative Computed Tomography. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2016, 1-6. doi:10.1155/2016/6169721Yang, L., Palermo, L., Black, D. M., & Eastell, R. (2014). Prediction of Incident Hip Fracture with the Estimated Femoral Strength by Finite Element Analysis of DXA Scans in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 29(12), 2594-2600. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2291Dall’Ara, E., Eastell, R., Viceconti, M., Pahr, D., & Yang, L. (2016). Experimental validation of DXA-based finite element models for prediction of femoral strength. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 63, 17-25. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.06.004Enns-Bray, W. S., Bahaloo, H., Fleps, I., Pauchard, Y., Taghizadeh, E., Sigurdsson, S., … Helgason, B. (2019). Biofidelic finite element models for accurately classifying hip fracture in a retrospective clinical study of elderly women from the AGES Reykjavik cohort. Bone, 120, 25-37. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2018.09.014Terzini, M., Aldieri, A., Rinaudo, L., Osella, G., Audenino, A. L., & Bignardi, C. (2019). Improving the Hip Fracture Risk Prediction Through 2D Finite Element Models From DXA Images: Validation Against 3D Models. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 7. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2019.00220Nguyen, N. D., Frost, S. A., Center, J. R., Eisman, J. A., & Nguyen, T. V. (2008). Development of prognostic nomograms for individualizing 5-year and 10-year fracture risks. Osteoporosis International, 19(10), 1431-1444. doi:10.1007/s00198-008-0588-0Kanis, J. A., Oden, A., Johansson, H., Borgström, F., Ström, O., & McCloskey, E. (2009). FRAX® and its applications to clinical practice. Bone, 44(5), 734-743. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.01.373Bolland, M. J., Siu, A. T., Mason, B. H., Horne, A. M., Ames, R. W., Grey, A. B., … Reid, I. R. (2011). Evaluation of the FRAX and Garvan fracture risk calculators in older women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 26(2), 420-427. doi:10.1002/jbmr.215Kruse, C., Eiken, P., & Vestergaard, P. (2016). Clinical fracture risk evaluated by hierarchical agglomerative clustering. Osteoporosis International, 28(3), 819-832. doi:10.1007/s00198-016-3828-8Nishiyama, K. K., Ito, M., Harada, A., & Boyd, S. K. (2013). Classification of women with and without hip fracture based on quantitative computed tomography and finite element analysis. Osteoporosis International, 25(2), 619-626. doi:10.1007/s00198-013-2459-6Jiang, P., Missoum, S., & Chen, Z. (2015). Fusion of clinical and stochastic finite element data for hip fracture risk prediction. Journal of Biomechanics, 48(15), 4043-4052. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.044Naylor, K. E., McCloskey, E. V., Eastell, R., & Yang, L. (2013). Use of DXA-based finite element analysis of the proximal femur in a longitudinal study of hip fracture. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 28(5), 1014-1021. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1856Maas, S. A., Ellis, B. J., Ateshian, G. A., & Weiss, J. A. (2012). FEBio: Finite Elements for Biomechanics. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 134(1). doi:10.1115/1.4005694Rossman, T., Kushvaha, V., & Dragomir-Daescu, D. (2015). QCT/FEA predictions of femoral stiffness are strongly affected by boundary condition modeling. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 19(2), 208-216. doi:10.1080/10255842.2015.1006209Si, H. (2015). TetGen, a Delaunay-Based Quality Tetrahedral Mesh Generator. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 41(2), 1-36. doi:10.1145/2629697Yang, L., Peel, N., Clowes, J. A., McCloskey, E. V., & Eastell, R. (2009). Use of DXA-Based Structural Engineering Models of the Proximal Femur to Discriminate Hip Fracture. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 24(1), 33-42. doi:10.1359/jbmr.080906Schileo, E., Dall’Ara, E., Taddei, F., Malandrino, A., Schotkamp, T., Baleani, M., & Viceconti, M. (2008). An accurate estimation of bone density improves the accuracy of subject-specific finite element models. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(11), 2483-2491. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.05.017Morgan, E. F., & Keaveny, T. M. (2001). Dependence of yield strain of human trabecular bone on anatomic site. Journal of Biomechanics, 34(5), 569-577. doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00011-2Morgan, E. F., Bayraktar, H. H., & Keaveny, T. M. (2003). Trabecular bone modulus–density relationships depend on anatomic site. Journal of Biomechanics, 36(7), 897-904. doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00071-xBayraktar, H. H., Morgan, E. F., Niebur, G. L., Morris, G. E., Wong, E. K., & Keaveny, T. M. (2004). Comparison of the elastic and yield properties of human femoral trabecular and cortical bone tissue. Journal of Biomechanics, 37(1), 27-35. doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00257-4Ün, K., Bevill, G., & Keaveny, T. M. (2006). The effects of side-artifacts on the elastic modulus of trabecular bone. Journal of Biomechanics, 39(11), 1955-1963. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.05.012Schileo, E., Balistreri, L., Grassi, L., Cristofolini, L., & Taddei, F. (2014). To what extent can linear finite element models of human femora predict failure under stance and fall loading configurations? Journal of Biomechanics, 47(14), 3531-3538. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.08.024Wirtz, D. C., Schiffers, N., Pandorf, T., Radermacher, K., Weichert, D., & Forst, R. (2000). Critical evaluation of known bone material properties to realize anisotropic FE-simulation of the proximal femur. Journal of Biomechanics, 33(10), 1325-1330. doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00069-5Eckstein, F., Wunderer, C., Boehm, H., Kuhn, V., Priemel, M., Link, T. M., & Lochmüller, E.-M. (2003). Reproducibility and Side Differences of Mechanical Tests for Determining the Structural Strength of the Proximal Femur. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 19(3), 379-385. doi:10.1359/jbmr.0301247Orwoll, E. S., Marshall, L. M., Nielson, C. M., Cummings, S. R., Lapidus, J., … Cauley, J. A. (2009). Finite Element Analysis of the Proximal Femur and Hip Fracture Risk in Older Men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 24(3), 475-483. doi:10.1359/jbmr.081201Choi, W. J., Cripton, P. A., & Robinovitch, S. N. (2014). Effects of hip abductor muscle forces and knee boundary conditions on femoral neck stresses during simulated falls. Osteoporosis International, 26(1), 291-301. doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2812-4Van den Kroonenberg, A. J., Hayes, W. C., & McMahon, T. A. (1995). Dynamic Models for Sideways Falls From Standing Height. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 117(3), 309-318. doi:10.1115/1.2794186Robinovitch, S. N., Hayes, W. C., & McMahon, T. A. (1991). Prediction of Femoral Impact Forces in Falls on the Hip. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 113(4), 366-374. doi:10.1115/1.2895414Robinovitch, S. N., McMahon, T. A., & Hayes, W. C. (1995). Force attenuation in trochanteric soft tissues during impact from a fall. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 13(6), 956-962. doi:10.1002/jor.1100130621Dufour, A. B., Roberts, B., Broe, K. E., Kiel, D. P., Bouxsein, M. L., & Hannan, M. T. (2011). The factor-of-risk biomechanical approach predicts hip fracture in men and women: the Framingham Study. Osteoporosis International, 23(2), 513-520. doi:10.1007/s00198-011-1569-2Schileo, E., Taddei, F., Cristofolini, L., & Viceconti, M. (2008). Subject-specific finite element models implementing a maximum principal strain criterion are able to estimate failure risk and fracture location on human femurs tested in vitro. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(2), 356-367. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.09.009Mautalen, C. A., Vega, E. M., & Einhorn, T. A. (1996). Are the etiologies of cervical and trochanteric hip fractures different? Bone, 18(3), S133-S137. doi:10.1016/8756-3282(95)00490-4Yang, S., Leslie, W. D., Luo, Y., Goertzen, A. L., Ahmed, S., Ward, L. M., … Lix, L. M. (2017). Automated DXA-based finite element analysis for hip fracture risk stratification: a cross-sectional study. Osteoporosis International, 29(1), 191-200. doi:10.1007/s00198-017-4232-8Testi, D., Viceconti, M., Cappello, A., & Gnudi, S. (2002). Prediction of Hip Fracture Can Be Significantly Improved by a Single Biomedical Indicator. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 30(6), 801-807. doi:10.1114/1.1495866Langton, C. M., Pisharody, S., & Keyak, J. H. (2008). Generation of a 3D proximal femur shape from a single projection 2D radiographic image. Osteoporosis International, 20(3), 455-461. doi:10.1007/s00198-008-0665-4Humbert, L., Martelli, Y., Fonolla, R., Steghofer, M., Di Gregorio, S., Malouf, J., … Barquero, L. M. D. R. (2017). 3D-DXA: Assessing the Femoral Shape, the Trabecular Macrostructure and the Cortex in 3D from DXA images. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 36(1), 27-39. doi:10.1109/tmi.2016.2593346Keyak, J. H., Sigurdsson, S., Karlsdottir, G., Oskarsdottir, D., Sigmarsdottir, A., Zhao, S., … Lang, T. F. (2011). Male–female differences in the association between incident hip fracture and proximal femoral strength: A finite element analysis study. Bone, 48(6), 1239-1245. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.682Lobo, E., Marcos, G., Santabárbara, J., Salvador-Rosés, H., Lobo-Escolar, L., De la Cámara, C., … Lobo-Escolar, A. (2017). Gender differences in the incidence of and risk factors for hip fracture: A 16-year longitudinal study in a southern European population. Maturitas, 97, 38-43. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.12.00

Study on the antioxidant and antitumoral activity of propolis

Introducción: El propóleo es la sustancia que protege a la colmena, es una resina de composición compleja y viscosa que las abejas utilizan en la reparación y protección de la colmena. El material del que procede el propóleo son las resinas, brotes y pecíolos de las hojas de diferentes vegetales, por ello presenta una composición química muy compleja que varía en función de la flora de recolección de las abejas. Posee capacidad antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria que está relacionada con su poder antioxidante, inmunomoduladora, entre otras. Objetivos: En este trabajo se estudian las actividades antioxidantes y antitumorales de propóleos de distintas zonas de la provincia de Málaga comparándolos con uno de la región de Bohemia al sur de la República Checa. Material y métodos: La actividad antioxidante se evaluó según el método ABTS+/S2 O8 K2 . Además se estimó la cantidad de proteínas totales a partir del contenido de nitrógeno y posteriormente se determinó la citotoxicidad y actividad antitumoral del propóleo del Puerto de la Torre, al norte de Málaga, según el método del bromuro de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil tetrazolio. Resultados: Se observó que el propóleo presenta una elevada actividad antioxidante, aunque tiene una menor cantidad de proteínas. El propóleo presenta elevada toxicidad y mayor actividad antitumoral frente al cáncer de colon que al de leucemia. Conclusión: Con todos estos datos obtenidos se puede concluir que el propóleo presenta diferentes actividades de interés para la industria alimentaria o cosmética, entre las que destaca su elevado poder antioxidante y su capacidad como antitumoral.Introduction: Propolis is the substance that protects the hive, a resin of complex and viscous composition bees use in the repair and protection of the hive. The material from which propolis arises are the resins, shoots and petioles of the leaves of different plants, so it has a very complex chemical composition that varies depending on the flora of the bees collection. It offers an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory capacity related to its antioxidant, immunomodulatory power, among others. Aims: In this work, antioxidant and antitumoral activities of different propolis collected from different areas of the province of Malaga, comparing them with one from the Bohemian region to the south of the Czech Republic are studied. Material and methods: Antioxidant activity was determined according to the ABTS+/S2 O8 K2 method. In addition, the quantity of total proteins from the nitrogen content and subsequently the cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity of the propolis of Puerto de la Torre, north of Malaga, are measured according to the 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method. Results: It was observed that propolis has high antioxidant activity, although it has a lower amount of proteins. Propolis has high toxicity and higher antitumoral activity against colon cancer than leukemia. Discussion: With all these data, it can be concluded that propolis offers different activities of interest, for the food and cosmetic industry, among which the high antioxidant and antitumoral capacity

Estudio de la actividad antioxidante y antitumoral del propóleo

Introduction: Propolis is the substance that protects the hive, a resin of complex and viscous composition bees use in the repair and protection of the hive. The material from which propolis arises are the resins, shoots and petioles of the leaves of different plants, so it has a very complex chemical composition that varies depending on the flora of the bees collection. It offers an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory capacity related to its antioxidant, immunomodulatory power, among others. Aims: In this work, antioxidant and antitumoral activities of different propolis collected from different areas of the province of Malaga, comparing them with one from the Bohemian region to the south of the Czech Republic are studied. Material and methods: Antioxidant activity was determined according to the ABTS+/S2O8K2 method. In addition, the quantity of total proteins from the nitrogen content and subsequently the cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity of the propolis of Puerto de la Torre, north of Malaga, are measured according to the 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method. Results: It was observed that propolis has high antioxidant activity, although it has a lower amount of proteins. Propolis has high toxicity and higher antitumoral activity against colon cancer than leukemia. Discussion: With all these data, it can be concluded that propolis offers different activities of interest, for the food and cosmetic industry, among which the high antioxidant and antitumoral capacity.Introducción: El propóleo es la sustancia que protege a la colmena, es una resina de composición compleja y viscosa que las abejas utilizan en la reparación y protección de la colmena. El material del que procede el propóleo son las resinas, brotes y pecíolos de las hojas de diferentes vegetales, por ello presenta una composición química muy compleja que varía en función de la flora de recolección de las abejas. Posee capacidad antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria que está relacionada con su poder antioxidante, inmunomoduladora, entre otras. Objetivos: En este trabajo se estudian las actividades antioxidantes y antitumorales de propóleos de distintas zonas de la provincia de Málaga comparándolos con uno de la región de Bohemia al sur de la República Checa. Material y métodos: La actividad antioxidante se evaluó según el método ABTS+/S2O8K2. Además se estimó la cantidad de proteínas totales a partir del contenido de nitrógeno y posteriormente se determinó la citotoxicidad y actividad antitumoral del propóleo del Puerto de la Torre, al norte de Málaga, según el método del bromuro de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil tetrazolio. Resultados: Se observó que el propóleo presenta una elevada actividad antioxidante, aunque tiene una menor cantidad de proteínas. El propóleo presenta elevada toxicidad y mayor actividad antitumoral frente al cáncer de colon que al de leucemia. Conclusión: Con todos estos datos obtenidos se puede concluir que el propóleo presenta diferentes actividades de interés para la industria alimentaria o cosmética, entre las que destaca su elevado poder antioxidante y su capacidad como antitumoral

Detection of small murine lung tumours by FDG-PET

[Abstract] AMI International Conference 2003, September 21 - 27, Madrid, Spain: "High Resolution Molecular Imaging: from Basic Science to Clinical Applications"The functional information provided by 2-deoxy-2- [18F]fluoro-D-Glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is commonly used to detect primary tumours and metastases in clinical studies. The aim of this work is to assess the possibilities of FDG-PET studies to detect small lung tumour lesions in mice, using a dedicated small animal PET scannerPublicad

Optimal farm design with parabolic shape photovoltaic panels using multi-objective optimization

To acquire the maximum efficiency for solar electricity conversion, a solar panel has to absorb nearly every single photon of light emitted from the sun. The shape of the solar panel itself plays an important role in achieving this goal. Several studies have been conducted for different solar panel designs regardless of change in their internal or external shapes. In the first part of this thesis, a survey of solar photovoltaic (PV) panel shapes together with the advantages and disadvantages of the shapes is presented. The second part deals with using parabolic trough PV panels to obtain an optimal field design with two objectives, namely, maximum incident energy and minimum of the deployment cost. This design involves the relationships between the field and collector decision parameters and solar radiation data.To acquire the maximum efficiency for solar electricity conversion, a solar panel has to absorb nearly every single photon of light emitted from the sun. The shape of the solar panel itself plays an important role in achieving this goal. Several studies have been conducted for different solar panel designs regardless of change in their internal or external shapes. In the first part of this thesis, a survey of solar photovoltaic (PV) panel shapes together with the advantages and disadvantages of the shapes is presented. The second part deals with using parabolic trough PV panels to obtain an optimal field design with two objectives, namely, maximum incident energy and minimum of the deployment cost. This design involves the relationships between the field and collector decision parameters and solar radiation data

Influence of orthodontic treatment on temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review

Objectives: The aim of this literature systematic review was to evaluate the possible association between malocclusions, orthodontic treatment and development of temporomandibular disorders. Material and Methods: A search was carried out on PubMed-Medline database from January 2000 to August 2013 using the keywords “ orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders ”, “ orthodontics and facial pain ” and “ malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders ”. Human studies included in the study were those assessing signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in relation to orthodontic treatment. Results: The search strategy resulted in 61 articles. After selection according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria 9 articles qualified for the final analysis. The articles which linked orthodontics and development of temporomandibular disorders showed very discrepant results. Some indicated that orthodontic treatment could improve signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, but none of them obtained statistically significant dif ferences. Conclusions: According to the authors examined, there is no evidence for a cause-effect relationship between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders, or that such treatment might improve or prevent them. More longitudinal studies are needed to verify any possible interrelationshi

Oscilaciones eustáticas e implicaciones climáticas en el tránsito Neógeno-Cuaternario en la isla de Sal (archipiélago de Cabo Verde)

Solution pipes interpreted as a cryptokarst separate large-scale cross-bedded megaforms of shallowmarine calcarenites deposited at the Neogene-Quatemary transition in Cape Verde Islands. This implies that depositional phases were followed by subaerial exposure of the cemented calcarenites during subsequent falls of sea level, and accumulation of unconsolidated eolianites which supported a vegetal cover that promoted the cryptokarst. The process was repeated several times. A widespread, more recent karstification with red silty clay filling of voids may represent the aridification of climate at the beginning oi the Quaternary and the increased supply of Saharan dust by Trade Winds