Intake, digestibility, physiological reactions and blood components of ovines under two temperature ranges and diets with different energy levels. II - Physiological reactions

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as reações fisiológicas (freqüência respiratória, temperatura retal e pulsação) de ovinos em câmara climática, submetidos a temperaturas ambientes entre 22 a 25°C e 32 a 35°C, e umidade relativa em torno de 75%, submetidos a dietas com os quatro níveis seguintes de energia metabolizável: nível normal, recomendado pela National Academy of Sciences (1975), nível de 10% acima do normal, e de 10 e 20% abaixo das exigências normais de energia para carneiros com 30 kg de peso. Dos resultados obtidos, foram tiradas as seguintes conclusões: 1) a freqüência respiratória, a temperatura retal e a pulsação estão diretamente relacionadas com as temperaturas ambientes; 2) o aumento da freqüência respiratória não evitou o aumento da temperatura retal dos animais; e 3) houve efeito da interação nível de energia x temperatura ambiente na temperatura retal. Entretanto, os níveis de energia das rações não influenciaram a freqüência respiratória e a pulsação dos ovinos.The objective of this work was to verify the physiological reactions (respiratory frequency, retal temperature, and pulsation) of ovines in a climatic chamber, submitted to temperatures ranging from 22 to 25°C and 32 to 35°C, relative humidity around 75%, and diets with the following four levels of metabolizable energy: normal level, recommended by the National Academy of Sciences (1975), 10% above the normal, and 10 and 20% below the normal exigencies of energy for male sheep with 30 kg of liveweight. The results obtained led to the following conclusions: 1) respiratory frequency and pulsation are directly related to environmental temperature; 2) respiratory frequency increase was insufficient to avoid increase of retal temperature in the animals; and 3) there was an interaction effect between the energy level x environmental temperature range in the retal temperature. Nevertheless, the energy levels of the rations did not influence the respiratory frequency and pulsation of the sheep

QUALITY OF Eucalyptus urograndis CHARCOAL PRODUCED IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF TOCANTINS

The objective of this work was to determine the quality of the Eucalyptus urophilla x Eucalyptus grandis clone charcoal, defining the basic density and wood retractability, apparent density, breaking index, charcoal yield, condensable and non-condensable gas yield, AQI and calorific values, comparing the results of different trunk positions and in two different heating ramps, ramp 1 (R1) with a heating rate of 1.25 ºC/min, final temperature of 450ºC and total of 6 hours, and ramp 2 (R2) with a heating rate of 1.19 ºC/min, final temperature of 500ºC and total time of 7 hours. The six evaluated trees were from a six-year-old cloned tree plantation located in the municipality of Gurupi, in the south of Tocantins state. The specimens for the characterizations were made from wooden discs removed from three trunk positions (base, DBH, top). The Eucalyptus urograndis wood presented basic density considered average (0.47 g/cm³) and good dimensional stability. The charcoal presented an expected yield and high calorific value influenced by the final temperature of the heating ramps, high fixed carbon content, acceptable ash content, as well as a low breaking rate. The results were satisfactory and identified the species as a good energy source

Weight to reestablish the ovarian luteal cyclic activity in cross bred milk cows in anestrus

Procurou-se conhecer o ganho de peso necessário e o peso mínimo para restabelecimento da atividade ovariana luteal cíclica (AOLC) em vacas adultas, mestiças Holandês x Zebu, não-lactantes, magras e com ovários inativos, anestro adquirido após longo período de restrição alimentar. Seis animais, com peso médio de 322,0 ± 27,0 kg, receberam dieta de mantença para o baixo peso apresentado (grupo I) e 12 animais, com peso médio de 315,0 ± 29,4 kg, foram alimentados para ganho de peso até a recuperação da AOLC (grupo II). O sangue foi coletado (dosagem de progesterona-RIA), e os animais, pesados semanalmente. A AOLC foi avaliada pela concentração de progesterona no sangue, exame dos ovários por palpação retal a cada 12 dias e observação visual do estro três vezes ao dia. O reinício da AOLC ocorreu nos animais do grupo II quando pesaram em média 392,7 ± 29,4 kg. A média do ganho de peso total nesse grupo foi de 77,7 ± 11,2 kg, correspondendo a 24,7 ± 4,5% do peso desses animais em anestro, ou 37,7% dos 206,2 kg perdidos na fase de restrição alimentar para adquirir anestro. Os seis animais do grupo I permaneceram em anestro. Os resultados mostram a influência do nível alimentar sobre a função luteal ovariana e a necessidade de ganho de peso para o restabelecimento do ciclo estral em vacas mestiças leiteiras, magras e em anestro.A study was carried out to determine the weight gain and the minimal weight needed to reestablish the ovarian luteal cyclic activity (OLCA) in dry crossbred Holstein-Zebu cows, thin and with the ovaries inactive, an overall condition of anestrus caused by prolonged period of feed restriction. Eighteen animals were allocated into two groups: 1) six animals, with average body weight of 322.0 ± 27.0 kg, receiving maintenance diet specific for the low body weight (group I); 2) twelve animals with average body weight of 315.0 ± 29.4 kg, being fed for weight gain until OLCA reestablishment (group II). Blood for progesterone RIA and body weight were taken weekly. The OLCA was evaluated by the progesterone level, rectal examination of the ovaries at 12-day intervals and by visual observation three times a day. An averaged body weight of 392.7 ± 29.4 kg was needed for the reestablishment of the OLCA. The total mean weight gain was 77.7 ± 11.2 kg, corresponding to 24.7 ± 4.5% of the anestrus animal's weight, or 37.7% of 206.2 kg lost in the restricted phase in order to undergo anestrus. Six animals of control group (1) were in anestrus. The results showed the influence of feed level on the luteal ovarian function and the need of weight gain in order to reestablish the estrus cycle in dry cross bred dairy cows, thin and in anestru

System for calculating and defining classes in modified Monte Alegre Formula - FMA + Sisclass

The objective of this work was to develop a computational system for the calculation, storage, and definition of new classes for the forest fire hazard index classified by the Monte Alegre Altered Formula - FMA+, which aims to store the occurrence of forest fires, allowing the generation of statistics on the hazard index and its occurrence, in addition to generating graphical plots and statistics on the performance of the FMA+, the contingency matrix and the monthly analysis of the hazard classes demanded by Nunes et al. (2006) and Eugenio et al. (2020 a). The Sisclass FMA+ application obtained excellent results in previous tests, achieving an increase of up to 31.30% in the percentage of success of the FMA + index. Sisclass FMA+ is accessible to the scientific community and available free of charge

Comparação dos incrementos em altura estimados através da análise do tronco pelo método digital e manual em Eucalyptus spp.

Growth rings are a database that allows us to quantify and evaluate their interaction with the environment. The most commonly used method for performing complete stem analysis (ANATRO) is the so-called conventional one, such methodology allows tracking the past growth of a tree. The objective of this work was to compare conventional and digital ANATRO using ArcMap software in order to facilitate and accelerate data collection. The study was conducted on a private property in the municipality of Aliança do Tocantins. Data were collected from a 7-year-old Eucalyptus plantation with 2.5 x 4.0 m spacing (1,000 trees / ha). The selection of the trees used was made from the diametric frequency distribution. Three clones of VM-58 were selected. The results were satisfactory when comparing the data obtained from the ANATRO manual method with the digital one, allowing us possible alternatives when there is no possibility of manual.Os anéis de crescimento são banco de dados que nos permite quantificar e avaliar sua interação com o meio. O método mais utilizado para realização de análise de tronco (ANATRO) completa é o chamado convencional, tal metodologia permite acompanhar o crescimento passado de uma árvore. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar ANATRO convencional e digital utilizando software ArcMap, a fim de facilitar e acelerar a obtenção de dados. O estudo foi realizado em uma propriedade particular no município de Aliança do Tocantins. Os dados foram coletados em plantio de Eucalyptus, com 7 anos de idade com espaçamentos de 2,5 x 4,0 m (1.000 árvores/ha). A seleção das arvores utilizadas foi realizada a partir de distribuição diamétrica de frequência. Foram selecionados 3 clones de VM-58. Os resultados demonstraram satisfatórios quando comparamos a obtenção de dados a partir do método de ANATRO manual com a digital, nos permitindo possíveis alternativas quando não há possibilidade de manual

Múltiplas variações anatômicas dos vasos renais

Introdução: O conhecimento das variações anatômicas dos vasos renais é clinicamente importante para os cirurgiões na realização de avaliação pré-operatória mais adequada e segura. Relato do caso: Durante dissecação de cadáver do sexo masculino, foi encontrada duplicidade da veia renal esquerda e presença de artéria polar inferior esquerda. A artéria renal polar inferior esquerda originou-se entre as faces anterior e lateral esquerda da porção abdominal da artéria aorta descendente, ao nível da artéria mesentérica inferior, enquanto a veia renal superior esquerda deixava o hilo renal com uma discreta obliquidade para baixo, anteroinferiormente à artéria renal esquerda e superiormente a veia renal inferior esquerda, até sua desembocadura na face lateral esquerda da veia cava inferior. A veia renal superior esquerda apresentou um trajeto pré-aórtico e recebeu como tributária a veia renal inferior esquerda a uma distância de 4,5 cm da veia cava inferior. Comentários: O estudo pré-operatório da anatomia vascular do rim permite predizer a maioria dos padrões de distribuição dos vasos renais e, por conseguinte, escolher a tática operatória mais adequada para prevenir lesões cirúrgicas ou condutas terapêuticas inadequadas

Calcium biofortification of Rocha pears, tissues accumulation and physicochemical implications in fresh and heat-treated fruits

Low dietary intake of Ca in humans has been epidemiologically linked to various diseases, which can have serious health consequences over time. Accordingly, the development of an agronomic itinerary for Ca biofortification of Rocha pears and the assessment of physicochemical deviations prompted this study. Two orchards with contrasting soil and water characteristics were selected, characterized through orthophotomaping and, during fruits development, leaves were sprayed twice with Ca(NO3)2 (0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 kg ha - 1) or CaCl2 (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 kg ha - 1), followed by pulverization only with CaCl2 (first once with 4 kg ha - 1 and then four times with 8 kg ha - 1). During fruits development net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, instantaneous and water use efficiency, only showed minor deviations, which indicated that the threshold of toxicity was not surpassed. Calcium contents varied during fruits development and at harvesting the average biofortification index varied between 47 %–63 % and 24 %–59 % in each of the orchards. Besides, the equatorial region of the fruits showed for all treatments (substantially in Ca treated samples) higher Ca contents in the epidermal and in the central regions. Fresh and heat-treated fruits (in a thermomix at 90 ◦C, during 10 min) biofortified with Ca only revealed minor differences and the sensory acceptability did not vary markedly. It is concluded that, although prevailing a heterogeneous distribution of Ca in fruit tissues, high indexes of biofortification in Rocha pears can be prompt in the orchards, without substantial physicochemical changes. Accordingly, agronomic biofortification with Ca can be used as a strategy for benefiting consumer’s healthinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Could formaldehyde induce mutagenic and cytotoxic effects in buccal epithelial cells during anatomy classes?

Due to increased formaldehyde exposure, carcinogenic to humans, several researches have been studying the potential toxicity and the safe levels for human beings. The aim of this study was to investigate mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in buccal epithelial exfoliated cells (BEC) of students subjected to formaldehyde (FA) during anatomy classes. BEC were collected periodically from 17 volunteers of undergraduate programs, who had participated in practical anatomy classes, before and after FA exposure. Cells were stained according to Feulgen method and then micronucleus test was applied. A total of 1,500 cells were assessed per individual in this study for the micronucleus frequency and other parameters of cytotoxicity. There was statistically significant increase in number of micronucleated BEC after FA exposure (after 1 month p=.034 and after 3.5 months p=.017). However, FA exposure caused no significant increase in other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity (p?.05). FA induced mutagenicity during anatomy classes. Cell death increased, but it was not statistically significant. Efforts have to be made to improve air quality and reduce exposures during anatomy classes

Scalp reconstruction with expanded flap

Introduction: The presence of extensive scalp defects is a major reconstructive challenge for the plastic surgeon. These defects have a vast etiology, such as traumatic, thermal or electrical burns, benign and malignant or congenital tumor resections, radiotherapy treatments sequelae, and infections. Noting that injuries such as scalping and burns (thermal or electrical), generate significant repercussions such as severe tissue loss, chronic osteomyelitis or minor sequelae such as scar alopecia. This study aims to report a case of late scalp reconstruction with a tissue expander and posterior advancement flap, due to cicatricial alopecia, in an 11-year-old female, victim of scalding by hot water in the right frontotemporal region. Methods: It was performed a retrospective analysis of the patient's medical record. The present work follows the standards of the Helsinki ethics committee. Conclusion: The scalp tissue expansion technique by stages and subsequent scalp advancement flap performing proved to be effective in restoring the patient's hair structure and hairline with minimal local distortion, restoring the scalp's shape and aesthetics of the patient