Difusividade e condutividade hidráulica não saturada de substratos

A quantificação dos processos hidráulicos que ocorrem dentro do recipiente durante e entre irrigações, é essencial para a gestão eficaz da irrigação e adubação em substratos. Os testes foram feitos no laboratório de hidráulica da Universidade Federal de Lavras com o objetivo de determinar a condutividade hidráulica não saturada de substratos usando-se o método proposto por Bruce & Klute (1956) em seis substratos (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 e S6) com quatro repetições. Foram realizados ensaios de fluxo horizontal visando estimar a difusividade e, por seu meio, a condutividade hidráulica não saturada (K(θ)). A taxa com que a umidade avança no espaço e no tempo ocorre de maneira diferenciada entre os substratos avaliados destacando-se os substratos S5 (casca de pinus, vermiculita e turfa) e S2 (cinza, turfa e outros materiais), que tiveram menor e maior difusividade, respectivamente. Após o aumento da tensão ocorre uma nítida diminuição da K(θ), especialmente no substrato S3 (casca de pinus e terra vegetal) enquanto para o substrato S5 os valores foram tão pequenos que não se destacam dentre os demais. A condutividade hidráulica não saturada aumenta com o aumento da umidade, de forma exponencial

Physical, chemical and microbiological properties of a Dystrophic Yellow Latosol using manipueira

The study aimed to evaluate chemical, microbiological and hydro-physical changes of a Dystrophic Yellow Latosol, receiver of different levels of manipueira (cassava wastewater) application, in the cultivation of 'Terra Maranhão' banana. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications in a factorial scheme 3 x 4, in which it was considered three soil depths and four levels of manipueira. It was evaluated the weighted mean diameter of the aggregate, the percentage of aggregation at different periods, soil density, particle density, porosity and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, in addition to pH of P (mg dm -3), K (mg dm-3), Ca (cmolc dm-3), Mg (cmolc dm-3), Ca+Mg (cmolc dm-3), Al (cmolc dm-3), Na (cmolc dm -3), H+Al (cmolc dm-3), CEC (cmolc dm-3), V%, OM (g kg-1), soil microbial biomass (Ug Cg-1 dry soil), acid phosphatase (Ug PNP g-1 h-1). The use of manipueira influenced some physical characteristic of the soil, but it was not possible to specify the effect of increasing application dosage. Therefore, the application did not affect the biological indicators assessed in the soil or its pH. The use of manipueira as a fertilizer in the doses used in this study showed low increase of K, P, H+Al and Al in the soil and a good increase of Mg, Ca and Ca+Mg, Na, CEC and V%

Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activity of Erodium species: A review

Erodium spp. is a genus that can be found in all continents that has been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat many diseases such as hemorrhage, dermatological disorders, indigestion, and inflammatory diseases. Moreover, Erodium leaves have been used for the preparation of salads, omelets, sandwiches, sauces and soups, among other food products. The objective of this review was to show the recent and relevant studies about extraction of bioactive compounds, the phytochemical characterization, the potential biological activities and toxicological evidence reported in both in vitro and in vivo studies from Erodium spp. In addition, the use of Erodium spp. as natural compounds against the development of diseases were also showed. This review highlights the traditional use of Erodium species in several countries as a therapeutic agent to treat several diseases (such as constipation, dermatological disorders, diabetes, indigestion, urinary inflammations, and as carminative agent), the factors influencing the extraction of bioactive compounds (mainly species and solvent composition on phenolic compounds) and phytochemical profile (presence of essential oils and alkaloids), the scientific evidence about its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial (against both spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms), antiviral and other health-related activities (anti-protozoal and anti-viral activity) as well as the toxicological evidence. Erodium spp. is a relevant source of compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biological activity, which support its potential exploration in pharmacological and food area. Major efforts are necessary to advance the knowledge about Erodium genus regarding the relation between traditional use and scientific evidence, optimization of extraction conditions, the influence on biological mechanisms at animal and clinical levels, and bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds.Paulo E. S. Munekata acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship support from Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, Spain) “Juan de la Cierva” program (FJCI-2016-29486). Thanks to GAIN (Axencia Galega de Innovación) for supporting this research (grant number IN607A2019/01). A.S. Sant'Ana would like to acknowledge the support of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Grants: # 403865/2013-1, #302763/2014-7 and #305804/2017-0). L.P.Silva thanks the support of Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001Peer reviewe