Ground Vibrations Induced by High-Speed Trains in Regions with Sudden Foundation Stiffness Change

In this paper analytical transient solutions of dynamic response of one-dimensional systems with sudden change of foundation stiffness are derived. In more details, cantilever dynamic response, expressed in terms of vertical displacement, is extended to account for elastic foundation and then two cantilever solutions, corresponding to beams clamped on left and right hand side, with different value of Winkler constant are connected together by continuity conditions. The internal forces, as the unknowns, can be introduced by the same values in both clamped beam solutions and solved. Assumption about time variation of internal forces at the section of discontinuity must be adopted and originally analytical solution will have to include numerical procedure

Tertiary clastic gipsum deposits in the Madrid basin (Spain)

Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Cálculo de la corrección topográfica a las observaciones gravimétricas en la Caldera del Teide obtenidas a partir del modelo topográfico digital de la Isla de Tenerife

Como se expuso en otra comunicación, se ha desarrollado un modelo digital topográfico de la Isla de Tenerife, una de cuyas aplicaciones es el cálculo de la corrección topográfica de las observaciones grav~métricas efectuadas en la Caldera del Teide y en zonas próximas. El método clásico, que utiliza ábacos a cuyos compartimentos deben asignarse altitudes medias a partir de la cartografía existente, resulta enormemente lento, penoso y no exento de posibles errores personales. Para obtener mayor precisión el modelo d í gí t al de la Isla obtenido a partir del 50.000 del Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, se ha suplementado en la zona de la Caldera con el 25.000 de dicha zona. Se presenta en esta comunicación el método y los resultados obtenidos, para la corrección topográfica, y la comparación de dichos resultados con los que se calculan a partir de emplear el método de Hammer en la primera campaña de observación. Como conclusión podemos decir que las anomalías obtenidas a partir del calculo automático, basado en el modelo digital, son del mismo orden de magnitud que las que se obtuvieron por el método del ábaco pero con la enorme ventaja de ganancia en tiempo y disminución de errores personale

Reproductive traits of the Colorada Pampeana goat

Information on seven different flocks of the Colorada goat breed in La Pampa (Argentina) was recorded during three consecutive years (1995-1997) to estimate reproductive performance. On the average, reproductive indexes were: fecundity: 87.85 percent, fertility: 92.12 percent, actual prolificity: 1.897 and commercial prolificity: 1.752. There were no signifficant differences among years for any index. On the contrary, flocks differed for fecundity and fertility percentage. Buck percentage was on the average 1.71 percent, and duration of the mating period was about 5 months. Abortus percentage was on the average 4.45 percent, being significantly higher (12.31 percent) in the dryest year. In conclusion, reproductive performance of the Colorada Pampeana goat was high, and it may be showing the adaptation of this breed to the agronomic and environmental conditions of La Pampa province.Durante tres años consecutivos (1995 a 1997) se estudiaron 7 majadas de cabra Colorada en la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina), obteniendo como promedio los siguientes índices reproductivos: fecundidad: 87,85 p.100; fertilidad: 92,12 p.100; prolificidad real: 1,897 y prolificidad comercial: 1,752. No se detectaron diferencias significativas entre años; pero sí entre establecimientos, para los índices de fecundidad y fertilidad. El porcentaje de machos reproductores utilizados para el servicio fue del 1,71 p.100, y la duración del período reproductivo fue aproximadamente de 5 meses. El porcentaje de abortos ha sido en promedio para los 3 años del 4,45 p.100, pero fue sensiblemente superior (12,31 p.100) durante el año de mayor sequía. Los altos índices reproductivos registrados confirman la buena adaptación de la cabra Colorada al medio ambiente en el que se desempeña

Morphologic and phaneroptic characterization of the pampean red goat

The morphoestructure and coat characteristics of Red Goats or Wool Goats has been deteminated and compared with the remainder goats of the zone. The Red Goats were characterized as middlesized animals with 64.2 ± 2.80 cm of height at withers in females and 73.2 ± 3.61cm in males, and a live weight of 44.4 ± 6.03 kg and 71.1 ± 8.94 kg in females and males respectively. They have a strong sexual dimorphism, with a predominantly straight, head profile medium to large ear size, and Aegagrus or arch-spiral horn type. Their mantle is uniform, with an open face of fine, silky, and curli hair. Predominant mantle colours are reddish and light brown. The remainder evaluated goats have greater variability, specially in those characters important for racial diagnosis, as the front-nasal profile, horn type, ear type, pigmentation and hair characteristics.Se determinaron las características fanerópticas y medidas e índices morfológicos de cabras regionales pampeanas, particularmente del tipo que se conoce en la zona como cabra Colorada o de Lana, y se compararon con las del resto de cabras de la zona. Las cabras Coloradas son animales mediolíneos y eumétricos, de 64,2± 2,80 de alzada a la cruz en hembras y 73,2 ± 3,61cm en machos y 44,4 ± 6,03 kg y 71,1 ± 8,94 kg de peso en hembras y machos respectivamente. Son animales de fuerte dimorfismo sexual, con perfil fronto nasal predominantemente recto, orejas medianas a grandes y cuernos de tipo Aegagrus o arcoespiral. El manto es de tipo uniforme, con un vellón de pelo largo, fino, suave, sedoso y rizado, predominando las capas de color rojizo y los tostados. El resto de cabras evaluadas presentan mayor variabilidad, especialmente en aquellos caracteres de importancia en la diagnosis racial como el perfil fronto-nasal, tipo de cuernos, tipo de orejas, pigmentación y características del pelo

Montanera fattening average daily gain of Silvela iberian pigs according to growing system

Average daily gain during the montanera fattening period (grazing acorns and grass) of a flock of 84 pure Silvela Iberian pigs is analysed. A group was bred in an intensive system and the other one was bred in an traditional outdoor system. The results show better ADG in pigs from the traditional outdoor system but those confirm that is possible to obtain good performances with pigs from intensive system alter an adaptation to grazing period (0.87±0.02 kg versus 0.59±0.02 kg).Se analiza la ganancia media diaria a lo largo de los dos primeros meses de montanera de un grupo de 84 cerdos Ibéricos puros de la estirpe Silvela pertenecientes a dos grupos de recría diferentes: intensivo en parques y extensivo tradicional. Los resultados indican que se obtienen mejores resultados de ganancia media diaria con el sistema extensivo tradicional pero que es posible obtener buenos resultados con los cerdos procedentes del sistema intensivo, previa adaptación al pastoreo (0,87±0,02 kg versus 0,59±0,02 kg; p<0,001)

Lean Six Sigma Approach to Improve the Production Process in the Mould Industry: a Case Study

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore the optimization of internal process is assumed as a critical factor to be capable of answering to the moulds industries. Consequently, it has been considered essential to adopt high-valued methodologies to support tooling industry in order to achieve global competitive advantages. For that purpose, this work aims to apply LEAN principles and techniques to support mould design and manufacturing processes. Methodology/Approach: The methodology used was based on PDCA/DMAIC, with the following stages: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. For each stages was taken some of Lean Six Sigma techniques, such as Continuous Improvement, Value Stream Mapping, Pareto analysis and Overall Equipment Effectiveness. Findings: This study results was revealed that there are many areas on the organizations in the Mould Industry, when they utilize otimizations tools obtain hugt successes. With the Pareto analysis was carried out to show that events that contributes the most to the stops. The results were: unavailability of the operator (16.4%), programming the machine (14.4%) and tool exchange (12.4%) In the case of this Mould Industry study was obtained for the CNC machines studies, with the implementation of Lean Six Sigma tools as obtained a improvement about 20% of global OEE. Research Limitation/implication: This research was revealed that there the moulds are Project unique and difficult to analyze. Moreover, this paper reports that the approach LEAN Six Sigma is very interesting for the continuous improvement of processes and profitability of moulds industry. Originality/Value of paper: This research highlight areas of future research using of quality management methods and Lean Six Sigma tools to analyse and optimize production in the moulds industry. Therefore this research It is considered to promote and adopt high-valued methodologies to support tooling industry in order to achieve global competitive advantages.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF TRACK VIBRATIONS DUE TO VERTICAL STIFFNESS VARIATION IN HIGH-SPEED RAILWAYS

High speed trains, when crossing regions with abrupt changes in vertical stiffness of the track and/or subsoil, may generate excessive ground and track vibrations. There is an urgent need for specific analyses of this problem so as to allow reliable esimates of vibration amplitude. Full understanding of these phenomena will lead to new construction solutions and mitigation of undesirable features. In this paper analytical transient solutions of dynamic response of one-dimensional systems with sudden change of foundation stiffness are derived. Results are expressed in terms of vertical displacement. Sensitivity analysis of the response amplitude is also performed. The analytical expressions presented herein, to the authors’ knowledge, have not been published yet. Although related to one-dimensional cases, they can give useful insight into the problem. Nevertheless, in order to obtain realistic response, vehicle- rail interaction cannot be omitted. Results and conclusions are confirmed using general purpose commercial software ANSYS. In conclusion, this work contributes to a better understanding of the additional vibration phenomenon due to vertical stiffness variation, permitting better control of the train velocity and optimization of the track design

A Mixed Hybrid Algorithm for Integral Wind Farm Optimum Design

. Nowadays, the weight of the generation of renewable energies has grown spectacularly with regard to other conventional energies. This is due to diverse factors: a bigger environmental concern (Kyoto protocol, white-book in EU, etc.), the raising prices of the traditional fuels, etc. On the other hand, wind power has experienced a bigger grown, among the renewable energies. That is why the development of an effective tool for the design and lay-out of wind farms has a special relevance. This paper present a mix of evolutionary algorithms to look for the optimum integral design of the wind park taking into account all the part involved: number of wind generators, the type and the height of the wind generators, its location, the number and location of substations, the best layout of lowvoltage and high-voltage lines among wind generators, substations and the existing transmission lines, etc. Due to problem complexity, and as a first approach, the global optimization problem has been splitted in two main (uncoupled) parts, first the wind generators lay out and then the network configurationMinisterio de Ciencia y Tecnología ENE2004-03342/CONMinisterio de Ciencia y Tecnología DPI2002-04416-C04-02Junta de Andalucía ACC-1021-TIC-200