Letter to the editor: Consistency of LPC+Ch

summary:In his paper [Kybernetika 31, No. 1, 99–106 (1995; Zbl 0857.03042)], E. Turunen says in the corollary on p. 106: “Notice that the third last line on page 195 in [J. K. Mattila, “Modifier logic”, in: J. Kacprzyk (ed.) et al., Fuzzy logic for the management of uncertainty. New York: Wiley. 191–209 (1992)] stating that LPC+Ch calculus is consistent is not correct.” The system LPC+Ch is consistent, which can be seen quite trivially

Delfoi-tutkimus

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli etsiä uutta tietoa ja aineksia sen tueksi, mihin työtapaturmien torjuntaan liittyvää työpaikkavalvontaa kannattaa suunnata kaudella 2012-2015. Kolmivaiheisella Delfoi-menetelmällä selvitettiin, mitkä riskiryhmät ja työtapaturmavaarat voivat tulevaisuudessa nousta tärkeiksi. Ne voivat olla sellaisia, joiden merkitys nousee nykyistä tärkeämmäksi tai sellaisia, joista tällä hetkellä on vain heikkoja merkkejä

Perpendicularity in an Abelian Group

We give a set of axioms to establish a perpendicularity relation in an Abelian group and then study the existence of perpendicularities in (ℤn,+) and (ℚ+,·) and in certain other groups. Our approach provides a justification for the use of the symbol ⊥ denoting relative primeness in number theory and extends the domain of this convention to some degree. Related to that, we also consider parallelism from an axiomatic perspective

CD73 regulates zoledronate-induced lymphocyte infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer tumors and lung metastases

IntroductionBisphosphonates (BPs) are bone-protecting osteoclast inhibitors, typically used in the treatment of osteoporosis and skeletal complications of malignancies. When given in the adjuvant setting, these drugs may also prevent relapses and prolong overall survival in early breast cancer (EBC), specifically among postmenopausal patients. Because of these findings, adjuvant nitrogen-containing BPs (N-BPs), such as zoledronate (ZOL), are now the standard of care for high-risk EBC patients, but there are no benefit-associated biomarkers, and the efficacy remains low. BPs have been demonstrated to possess anti-tumor activities, but the mechanisms by which they provide the beneficial effects in EBC are not known. MethodsWe used stably transfected 4T1 breast cancer cells together with suppression of CD73 (sh-CD73) or control cells (sh-NT). We compared ZOL effects on tumor growth and infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) into tumors and lung metastases using two mouse models. B cell depletion was performed using anti-CD20 antibody.ResultsSh-CD73 4T1 cells were significantly more sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of n-BPs in vitro. However, while ZOL-induced growth inhibition was similar between the tumor groups in vivo, ZOL enhanced B and T lymphocyte infiltration into the orthotopic tumors with down-regulated CD73. A similar trend was detected in lung metastases. ZOL-induced tumor growth inhibition was found to be augmented with B cell depletion in sh-NT tumors, but not in sh-CD73 tumors. As an internal control, ZOL effects on bone were similar in mice bearing both tumor groups.DiscussionTaken together, these results indicate that ZOL modifies TILs in breast cancer, both in primary tumors and metastases. Our results further demonstrate that B cells may counteract the growth inhibitory effects of ZOL. However, all ZOL-induced TIL effects may be influenced by immunomodulatory characteristics of the tumor

Radium-223 dichloride treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Finland : A real-world evidence multicenter study

Background Radium-233 dichloride is an alpha emitter that specifically targets bone metastases in prostate cancer. Results of a previously reported phase III randomized trial showed survival benefit for radium-223 compared to best supportive care in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with bone metastases. However, real-world data are also needed with wider inclusion criteria. Methods We report results of a retrospective multicenter study including all patients with metastatic CRPC treated with radium-223 in all five university hospitals in Finland since the introduction of the treatment. We identified 160 patients who had received radium-223 in Finland in 2014-2019. Results The median overall survival (OS) was 13.8 months (range 0.5-57 months), and the median real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) was 4.9 months (range 0.5-29.8 months). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values within the normal range before and during the radium-223 treatment or the reduction of elevated ALP to normal range during treatment were associated with better OS when compared to elevated ALP values before and during treatment (p = 100 mu g/L) before radium-223 treatment was associated with poor OS compared to low PSA level (Peer reviewe

Työsuojelu- ja työhyvinvointitoiminnan tehokkuus työpaikoilla (TS-teho)

Tämä raportti tarjoaa tietoa sekä työsuojelutarkastustoiminnan että työpaikkojen työsuojelutoiminnan kehittämisen tueksi. Julkaisu on suunnattu työsuojeluviranomaisille, työpaikkojen työsuojelutoimijoille ja työsuojelutoiminnan tutkijoille ja kehittäjille

Maternal Vitamin C and Iron Intake during Pregnancy and the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Birth Cohort Study

Our aim was to study the associations between maternal vitamin C and iron intake during pregnancy and the offspring's risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. The study was a part of the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) prospective birth cohort including children genetically at risk of type 1 diabetes born between 1997-2004. The diets of 4879 mothers in late pregnancy were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The outcomes were islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for energy, family history of diabetes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and sex was used for statistical analyses. Total intake of vitamin C or iron from food and supplements was not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity (vitamin C: HR 0.91: 95% CI (0.80, 1.03), iron: 0.98 (0.87, 1.10)) or type 1 diabetes (vitamin C: 1.01 (0.87, 1.17), iron: 0.92 (0.78, 1.08)), neither was the use of vitamin C or iron supplements associated with the outcomes. In conclusion, no association was found between maternal vitamin C or iron intake during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring