The role of subnational actors in North America during the NAFTA renegotiation

This article analyzes the economic relations of subnational states in the United States with Mexico and Canada during the period of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) but also during the negotiation and ratification of the United States, Mexico, Canada Agreement (USMCA). The first part considers the theoretical debates on the international economic relations of subnational states, highlighting the economic paradiplomacy, as well as the endogenous and exogenous factors that encourage these processes. The second part examines such economic relations, particularly exports, imports and integrated supply chains from a subnational level, looking at the cross-border region in North America. The third part concentrates on the analysis and presents the main results and conclusions

A Critical Analysis of Scenarios for Small and Medium Enterprisee in NAFTA renegotiations

The aim of this paper is to set some scenarios for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from a critical analysis of the provisions in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) renegotiation, its challenges and opportunities. The critical analysis departs from the questionable position of the withdrawal from NAFTA and their consequences for SMEs of not giving continuity through a process of renegotiation among the three partners. The method used is the critical analysis based mainly in some sources of information, analysis of results of NAFTA, and the strategic examination of its challenges and opportunities for SMEs. Finally, the analysis establish some possible scenarios post-NAFTA renegotiation and some strategic proposals for the SME

Postcolonial healing landscapes and mental health in a remote Indigenous community in subarctic Ontario, Canada

The concept of therapeutic landscape is concerned with a holistic, socio-ecological model of health, but most studies have attempted to explore land-health links from a Western perspective. On an Indigenous reserve in Northern Ontario, part of the Canadian subarctic, we explore the importance of spaces and places in creating postcolonial therapeutic landscapes to treat the wounds inflicted by colonialism. The aim of this research is to gain insight from views and experiences of First Nations residents living on reservations that are undergoing a process of regaining traditional spiritual beliefs and teachings to construct therapeutic spaces to face mental health problems caused by legal opioid analgesic abuse. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with Cree and Ojibwe participants to understand how they are reconnecting with earth, spirituality and traditional animist beliefs on their way to recovery. We find that practices such as taking part in ceremonies and ritual spaces, and seeking knowledge and advice from Elders assist with personal healing and enable Indigenous people to be physically and mentally healthy. Our research findings provide important insights into the relationship between space, healing and culture as determinants of health and well-being and document some key factors that contribute to substance abuse recovery.This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science (Spain) [I + D+i SEJ2005-09344/SOCI]; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (Canada) [I + D+i CURA/NORTHERN]

Patrimonio cultural : Contextos en transición: pedagogía, cultura y economía sustentable en comunidades americanas

El presente documento es una recopilación de experiencias que fueron parte del I Encuentro Internacional de Patrimonio Cultural celebrado en la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO en septiembre del 2019; así como de otros aportes de investigadores colombianos a la comprensión de temas relacionados con la tradición, la cultura, la memoria y el ecosistema natural en el cual como humanos nos desenvolvemos. Los aportes tienen origen en reflexiones de diferentes países desde Argentina hasta Canadá y cumple con el propósito de realizar un diálogo multidisciplinar de los aspectos que componen el patrimonio cultural en el continente americano

Patrimonio cultural : Contextos en transición: pedagogía, cultura y economía sustentable en comunidades americanas

El presente documento es una recopilación de experiencias que fueron parte del I Encuentro Internacional de Patrimonio Cultural celebrado en la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO en septiembre del 2019; así como de otros aportes de investigadores colombianos a la comprensión de temas relacionados con la tradición, la cultura, la memoria y el ecosistema natural en el cual como humanos nos desenvolvemos. Los aportes tienen origen en reflexiones de diferentes países desde Argentina hasta Canadá y cumple con el propósito de realizar un diálogo multidisciplinar de los aspectos que componen el patrimonio cultural en el continente americano

The entrepreneurial orientation of women entrepreneurs in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area as a path to sustainability

This work shows the results obtained on a study done to women entrepreneurs of SME located in the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara (ZMG), Mexico, with respect to the systematization of business practices oriented to Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO). The theoretical basis was the Business Women, focused at Latin America, the SME behavior in Mexico, and in this way to understand, through these, if they are aimed at business sustainability. The methodology used was a quantitative analysis through to apply a survey of own development to the business women owning of the one SME in the ZMG. The sample was of 48 questionnaires, which included the profile of the businesswoman, and where 33 sustainable development practices. The results obtained through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings were found that the sustainable development practices developed are not adequate, and that the EO practices that they should have, are below what is desired, showing there are some disadvantages in these practices so that the sustainability of these companies are at risk

Impacto y consecuencias sociales contemporáneas de las políticas de tutela estatal en las reservas indígenas canadienses

This paper aims to examine the impact and contemporary social consequences of the maintenance of the organizational system known as Indian reserve in Canada. By means of a case study this paper explores how contemporary organizational politics and the institutional structure of the Canadian Indian reserves are giving rise to psychosocial and mental health problems such as drug abuse, depression, parental negligence, domestic violence, etc. Three structural characteristics are identified as inherent problems to the organizational structure within contemporary Canadian native reserves: structural unemployment, dependence on social assistance programs, and community factionalismEste artículo tiene como objetivo examinar el impacto y las consecuencias sociales contemporáneas del mantenimiento del sistema de organización social denominado «reserva indígena» en Canadá. Mediante un estudio de caso, se explora cómo la política organizacional y la estructura institucional contemporánea en las reservas indígenas canadienses están alimentando problemas psicosociales y de salud mental como, por ejemplo, abuso de sustancias psicoactivas, depresión, negligencia parental o violencia doméstica. Tres características estructurales se identifican como problemas inherentes en la estructura organizacional de las reservas contemporáneas: el desempleo estructural, la dependencia de programas de asistencia social y el faccionalismo comunitario

Wewnętrzne czynniki konkurencyjności i zrównoważonego rozwoju biznesu w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach w obszarze metropolitalnym Guadalajary w stanie Jalisco

This research presents the current state of sustainable business development practices of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Guadalajara metropolitan Area (GMA), located in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. This work is based on the international project called: International survey on corporate social responsibility and sustainable development in SMEs, promoted by LABEX in Montpellier, France. More than 400 surveys from a common questionnaire were distributed to entrepreneurs from the municipalities located in the conurbation of GMA. The initial findings, based on descriptive statistical analysis, show that 50% of the SMEs don’t implement sustainability practices in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Entrepreneurial orientation practices stand out in the economic sphere, in the external social sphere, the activities related to the community in which they are located, in the internal social sphere, the activities that involve their employees in decision making, and in the environment field with the use of alternative energies. In the end, the main causes of these practices’ absence and some tips to achieve them are presented in this paper.Niniejszy opis badań przedstawia aktualny poziom zaawansowania praktyk związanych z procesem zrównoważonego rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w obszarze metropolitalnym Guadalajary (OMG) w stanie Jalisco w Meksyku. Praca opiera się na międzynarodowym projekcie Międzynarodowe badanie społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu i zrównoważonego rozwoju w MŚP, promowanym przez LABEX Montpellier z siedzibą we Francji. 400 ankiet ze wspólnego kwestionariusza zostało rozesłanych do przedsiębiorców z gmin znajdujących się w aglomeracji OMG. Wstępne ustalenia, oparte na opisowej analizie statystycznej, pokazują, że 50% MŚP obszaru Guadalajary w Jalisco w Meksyku nie wdraża praktyk zrównoważonego rozwoju. Praktyka zorientowania na przedsiębiorczość wyróżnia się w sferze ekonomicznej, w zewnętrznej sferze społecznej, w działaniach związanych ze społecznością, w której są wdrażane, w wewnętrznej sferze społecznej oraz w działaniach, które angażują pracowników w proces podejmowania decyzji. W dziedzinie środowiska jest szczególnie zauważalna w działalności zorientowanej na wykorzystanie alternatywnych źródeł energii. W niniejszym dokumencie przedstawiono główne przyczyny niestosowania tych praktyk oraz zawarto kilka wskazówek, jak należy je wprowadzić