Efeitos do exercício físico agudo realizado na intensidade do LV-I e em altitude simulada no humor e bem estar

Com intuito de investigar os efeitos do exercício físico agudo realizado por 45 minutos na intensidade do LV-I no bem estar e no humor na condição de hipóxia simulada, 10 voluntários jovens, fisicamente ativos e hígidos, foram selecionados. Inicialmente os voluntários foram submetidos a um teste progressivo até exaustão voluntária máxima para determinação da intensidade do LV-I, e posteriormente submetidos a 2 tipos de protocolos de exercício físico, todos na mesma intensidade, diferindo apenas na altitude simulada: 1) nível do mar; 2) 4500m. Foram utilizados questionários que avaliam o perfil de humor e as respostas afetivas causadas pelo exercício físico e o bem-estar, que foram aplicados nos seguintes momentos: basal, imediatamente após, 30’ e 60’ após o término do exercício. Como resultados, encontrou-se alterações psicobiológicas quando o exercício físico foi realizado em hipóxia simulada, sendo esses resultados marcados por uma resposta ansiogênica, acompanhada de diminuição de bem-estar, aumento de fadiga e alterações no perfil de humor. Além disso, também foram identificadas diminuições significativas das porcentagens da saturação da oxihemoglobina pós exercício, retornando aos padrões de normalidade em 60’ da realização do exercício. Desta forma, nossos dados sugerem que o exercício físico realizado na intensidade do LV-I em uma condição de hipóxia simulada produziu alterações psicobiológicas importantes, sendo essas percebidas de forma mais marcante em relação ao aumento dos escores de ansiedade, diminuição da percepção de bem-estar e alterações do perfil de humor. Essas alterações foram acompanhadas por uma mudança nas porcentagens de saturação funcional de oxigênio da hemoglobina arterial, podendo esta estar relacionada as mudanças psicobiológicas encontradas. Mais estudos a fim de se estabelecer uma possível relação causa-efeitos são necessários, particularmente aqueles que envolvam um maior número de voluntários e um maior tempo de exposição a hipóxia.To investigate the effects of acute physical exercise performed by 45 minutes in the Ventilatory Threshold –I (VT-I) intensity on well-being and mood during hypoxia simulation condition, 10 healthy young and healthy volunteers were selected. Initially the volunteers were submitted to a progressive load test until the voluntary exhaustion in order to determine VT-I, and subsequently the subjected performed two exercise protocols: 1) sea level and 2) 4500m. To assess the profile of mood and affective responses caused by exercise, questionnaires was applied at the following time-corse: baseline, immediately after, 30 'and 60' after the exercise. As a result, we find that there psychobiological changes when the exercise was conducted in simulated hypoxia, and these results marked by an anxiogenic response, accompanied by decreased well-being, increased fatigue and alterations in mood profile. In addition, significant decreases were also identified percentages of oxyhemoglobin after exercise, returning to normal range in 60' of post-exercise. Thus, our data suggest that physical exercise on the intensity of the VT-I in a simulated condition of hypoxia produced significant psychobiological changes, and those perceived to be more relevant in relation to the increase in anxiety scores, reduced perception of well- being and the profile of mood changes. These changes were accompanied by a change in the percentages of oxyhemoglobin saturation, which may be related to psychobiological changes found. Further studies in order to establish a possible cause and effects are necessary, particularly those involving a greater number of volunteers and a longer time to exposure to hypoxi

Gestão da Água na Suinocultura

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Boletim COVID-PA: relatos sobre projeções baseadas em inteligência artificial no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 no estado do Pará

Objective: Report the university research and extension product denominated ‘Boletim COVID-PA’ which presented projections about the pandemic in the State of Pará, Brazil, with practical, mathematically rigorous and computationally efficient approaches. Methods: The artificial intelligence technique known as Artificial Neural Networks was used to generate thirteen bulletins with short-term projections based on historical data from the State Department of Public Health system. Results: After eight months of projections, the technique generated reliable results with an average accuracy of 97% (147 days observed) for confirmed cases, 96% (161 observed days) for deaths and 86% (72 days observed) for occupancy of intensive care unit beds. Conclusion: These bulletins have become a useful tool for decision making by public managers, assisting in reallocating hospital resources and optimizing COVID-19 control strategies for the various regions of the State of Pará.Objetivo: Relatar o produto de pesquisa e extensão universitária denominado Boletim COVID-PA, que apresentou projeções sobre o comportamento da pandemia no estado do Pará, Brasil. Métodos: Utilizou-se da técnica de inteligência artificial conhecida como ‘redes neurais artificiais’, para gerar 13 boletins com projeções de curto prazo baseadas nos dados históricos do sistema da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Pública. Resultados: Após oito meses de projeções, a técnica gerou resultados confiáveis, com precisão média de 97% (147 dias observados) para casos confirmados, 96% (161 dias observados) para óbitos e 86% (72 dias observados) para ocupação de leitos de unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: Esses boletins tornaram-se um instrumento útil para a tomada de decisão de gestores públicos, auxiliando na realocação de recursos hospitalares e otimização das estratégias de controle da COVID-19 nas diversas regiões do estado do Pará

The role of environmental filtering, geographic distance and dispersal barriers in shaping the turnover of plant and animal species in Amazonia

To determine the effect of rivers, environmental conditions, and isolation by distance on the distribution of species in Amazonia. Location: Brazilian Amazonia. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Birds, fishes, bats, ants, termites, butterflies, ferns + lycophytes, gingers and palms. We compiled a unique dataset of biotic and abiotic information from 822 plots spread over the Brazilian Amazon. We evaluated the effects of environment, geographic distance and dispersal barriers (rivers) on assemblage composition of animal and plant taxa using multivariate techniques and distance- and raw-data-based regression approaches. Environmental variables (soil/water), geographic distance, and rivers were associated with the distribution of most taxa. The wide and relatively old Amazon River tended to determine differences in community composition for most biological groups. Despite this association, environment and geographic distance were generally more important than rivers in explaining the changes in species composition. The results from multi-taxa comparisons suggest that variation in community composition in Amazonia reflects both dispersal limitation (isolation by distance or by large rivers) and the adaptation of species to local environmental conditions. Larger and older river barriers influenced the distribution of species. However, in general this effect is weaker than the effects of environmental gradients or geographical distance at broad scales in Amazonia, but the relative importance of each of these processes varies among biological groups

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio