19 research outputs found
Estudio sobre la relación entre obesidad juvenil y actividad física
La obesidad es la enfermedad nutricional más frecuente durante la infancia y la adolescencia
en los países desarrollados. Estudios recientes realizados en distintos países demuestran que el
5-10% de los niños en edad escolar son obesos, y en los adolescentes la proporción aumenta
hasta situarse en cifras del 10-20%.
La actividad física regular constituye una medida complementaria a la dieta. El ejercicio aumenta
el gasto energético, mejora la sensibilidad a la insulina, disminuye la lipogénesis, y mejora la
imagen corporal.
Tras la realización de este trabajo, podemos concluir, que el porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad
de la población estudiada y en las condiciones estudiadas, se encuentra por debajo de la media
referida la bibliografía.
También cabe destacar que el nivel de actividad se encuentra por encima de los valores habitualesEnfermerí
Study of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Nursing Work Environments in Primary Care in Spain
Nursing work environments are defined as the characteristics of the workplace that promote or hinder the provision of professional care by nurses. Positive work environments lead to better health outcomes. Our study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of primary health care settings in Spain. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out from 2018 to 2019. We used the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and the TOP10 Questionnaire of Assessment of Environments in Primary Health Care for data collection. The associations between sociodemographic and professional variables were analyzed. Results: In total, 702 primary care nurses participated in the study. Responses were obtained from 14 out of the 17 Spanish Autonomous Communities. Nursing foundation for quality of care, management and leadership of head nurse and nurse-physician relationship were identified as strengths, whereas nurse participation in center affairs and adequate human resources to ensure quality of care were identified as weaknesses of the nursing work environment in primary health care. Older nurses and those educated to doctoral level were the most critical in the nursing work environments. Variables Age, Level of Education and Managerial Role showed a significant relation with global score in the questionnaire. Conclusion: Interventions by nurse managers in primary health care should focus on improving identified weaknesses to improve quality of care and health outcomes.Enfermerí
Use of the Ultrasound Technique as Compared to the Standard Technique for the Improvement of Venous Cannulation in Patients with Difficult Access
(1) Objective. We aimed to demonstrate that the use of the ultrasound-guided technique facilitates peripheral venous cannulation as compared to the standard technique in patients with difficult access at emergency services. (2) Method. A case–control study, randomized research. Variables were collected from a population with non-palpable or not visible veins, classified into size risk groups for 6 months. In the comparative analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: the cases group was composed of patients to whom the peripheral venous cannulation was performed with the ultrasound-guided technique (UST), while the control was composed of patients with whom the standard technique (ST) was performed. The ultrasound LOGIQ P5 750VA from General Electric Healthcare, with an 11 mHz linear probe, was utilized, along with peripheral venous catheters model Insyte™ Autoguard™ with gauges of 14G to 26G. (3) Results. Seventy-two cases. The use of the ultrasound decreased the time (618.34s ST, 126s UST) and the number of punctures (2.92 ST, 1.23 UST); about 25% of the patients did not have complications with the UST, as compared to 8% with the ST. The use of the ultrasound decreased the pain experienced by 1.44 points in the visual analog scale, as compared to 0.11 points with the ST. The rate of success of the first try with the UST was 76%, as compared to 16% of the ST. The gauge of the catheter increased with the UST, with successful cannulations obtained with 20G (56%) and 18G (41%) gauges. (4) Conclusions. The use of ultrasound facilitates venous cannulation according to the variables of the study. The ultrasound visualization of the vessels is associated with the selection of the catheter gauge. There was no relation between the complications and the depth of the blood vessels.Enfermerí
Predictive potential of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater to assess the dynamics of COVID-19 clinical outcomes and infections
Coronavirus disease 2019 - caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) -, has triggered a worldwide pandemic resulting in 665 million infections and over 6.5 million deaths as of December 15, 2022. The development of different epidemiological tools have helped predict new outbreaks and assess the behavior of clinical variables in different health contexts. In this study, we aimed to monitor concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater as a tool to predict the progression of clinical variables during Waves 3, 5, and 6 of the pandemic in the Spanish city of Xátiva from September 2020 to March 2022. We estimated SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in 195 wastewater samples using the RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel validated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We also compared the trends of several clinical variables (14-day cumulative incidence, positive cases, hospital cases and stays, critical cases and stays, primary care visits, and deaths) for each study wave against wastewater SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations using Pearson's product-moment correlations, a two-sided Mann-Whitney U test, and a cross-correlation analysis. We found strong correlations between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations with 14-day cumulative incidence and positive cases over time. Wastewater RNA concentrations showed strong correlations with these variables one and two weeks in advance. There were significant correlations with hospitalizations and critical care during Wave 3 and Wave 6; cross-correlations were stronger for hospitalization stays one week before during Wave 6. No association between vaccination percentages and wastewater viral concentrations was observed. Our findings support wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations as a potential surveillance tool to anticipate infection and epidemiological data such as 14-day cumulative incidence, hospitalizations, and critical care stays. Public health authorities could use this epidemiological tool on a similar population as an aid for health care decision-making during an epidemic outbreak
Predictive potential of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater to assess the dynamics of COVID-19 clinical outcomes and infections
Coronavirus disease 2019 -caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-, has trig-gered a worldwide pandemic resulting in 665 million infections and over 6.5 million deaths as of December 15, 2022. The development of different epidemiological tools have helped predict new outbreaks and assess the behavior of clinical variables in different health contexts. In this study, we aimed to monitor concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater as a tool to predict the progression of clinical variables during Waves 3, 5, and 6 of the pandemic in the Spanish city of Xativa from September 2020 to March 2022. We estimated SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in 195 wastewater samples using the RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel vali-dated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We also compared the trends of several clinical variables (14-day cumulative incidence, positive cases, hospital cases and stays, critical cases and stays, primary care visits, and deaths) for each study wave against wastewater SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations using Pearson's product-moment correlations, a two-sided Mann-Whitney U test, and a cross-correlation analysis. We found strong correlations between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations with 14-day cumulative incidence and positive
cases over time. Wastewater RNA concentrations showed strong correlations with these variables one and two
weeks in advance. There were significant correlations with hospitalizations and critical care during Wave 3 and
Wave 6; cross-correlations were stronger for hospitalization stays one week before during Wave 6. No association between vaccination percentages and wastewater viral concentrations was observed.
Our findings support wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations as a potential surveillance tool to anticipate infection and
epidemiological data such as 14-day cumulative incidence, hospitalizations, and critical care stays. Public health authorities could use this epidemiological tool on a similar population as an aid for health care decision-making during
an epidemic outbreakThis research was funded by the Valencian International University and Generalitat Valenciana (GVA) through the Grants to emerging research groups 2023 (CE2023) from the Regional Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society (CIGE/2022/58).Medicin
Design and validation of the INCUE questionnaire: Assessment of primary healthcare Nurses’ basic training needs in palliative care
Many instruments have been created to measure knowledge and attitudes in palliative care. However, not only is it important to acquire knowledge, but also that this knowledge should reach patients and their relatives through application in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the INCUE questionnaire (Investigación Cuidados Enfermeros/Investigation into Nurses’ Care Understanding of End-of-Life) to assess the basic training needs of primary or home healthcare nurses in palliative care. A questionnaire was developed based on the classical theory of tests and factor analysis models. Initially, 18 experts developed 67 items in two blocks and determined content validity by two rounds of expert panels. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing were conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 370 nurses. Some items were observed to have very low homogeneity indices or presented convergence problems and were eliminated. Questionnaire reliability was 0.700 in the theoretical block (KR20 Index) and 0.941 in the practical block (Cronbach’s alpha). The model converges and shows an adequate fit, specifically CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.977 and RMSEA = 0.05. The correlation between the two factors in the model is ρ = 0.63. The questionnaire objectively evaluates primary or home healthcare nurses’ knowledge of palliative care and its practical application, thereby facilitating more efficient training plans.This questionnaire is being developed as part of a project to pinpoint the training needs of primary care nurses in the field of palliative care at the Dr Peset Health Department in Valencia (Project EAPCP19-V01)This project has received funding under the first Call for R + D Grants in Nursing 2019 (UGP-19-258), from the Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Bioèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (Fisabio).Enfermerí
Learning psychomotor skills in clinical simulation: Teaching methodology and preliminary results
[EN] 1. Introduction:
Clinical simulation faithfully reproduces real experiences and allows the acquisition of
different competencies in medical-health training, of which almost half correspond to
psychomotor skills, which are mediated by the mirror neuron system.
2. Objective:
Provide knowledge for the acquisition of psychomotor skills, through teaching-learning
with clinical simulation, taking into account dual: verbal and visual cognitive learning.
3. Developing:
Groups of medical students were given a different teaching message (textual, verbal, static
and dynamic visual), to acquire psychomotor skills in a clinical simulation scenario,
practicing them on a mannequin and evaluating their performance through a verification
form. “ad hoc”. 4. Results: A total of 102 first-year medical students participated voluntarily, randomly assigned to a
different group: 0 (without message, control group), T (text), A (audio), I (static image), V
(video). The scores obtained by each group did not show significant differences between
group T and A, but between them and groups I and V.
5. Conclusions:
The acquisition of psychomotor skills through clinical simulation differs with the didactic
messages, the dynamic visual being more effective, followed in decreasing order by the
static image, text and audio messages.[ES] 1. Introducción: La simulación clínica reproduce experiencias reales de una manera fidedigna y permite adquirir distintas competencias en la formación médico-sanitaria, de las que casi la mitad se corresponden con habilidades psico-motoras, que están mediadas por el sistema de neuronas espejo. 2. Objetivo: Aportar conocimiento para la adquisición de habilidades psico-motoras, mediante la enseñanza-aprendizaje con simulación clínica, teniendo en cuenta el aprendizaje cognitivo dual, verbal y visual. 3. Desarrollo: A grupos de alumnos de medicina se les suministró un mensaje docente diferente (textual, verbal, visual estático y dinámico), para adquirir habilidades psicomotoras en un escenario de simulación clínica, practicándolas sobre un maniquí y evaluando su desempeño mediante un formulario de verificación “ad hoc”. 4. Resultados: Participaron de forma voluntaria un total de 102 alumnos de primer curso de medicina, que aleatoriamente se asignaron a un grupo distinto: 0 (sin mensaje), T (texto) A (audio), I (imagen estática), V (vídeo). Las puntuaciones obtenidas por cada grupo no mostraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo T y A y si entre estos y los grupos I y V. 5. Conclusiones: La adquisición de habilidades psico-motoras mediante simulación clínica, difiere con los mensajes didácticos, siendo más efectivo el visual dinámico, siguiendo en orden decreciente los de imagen estática, texto y audio.Tormo-Calandín, C.; Ruiz López, J.; Casaña Mohedo, J.; Casal Angulo, C.; Adánez Martínez, G.; García Bermejo, P.; Sinisterra Aquilino, J.... (2023). Aprendizaje de las habilidades psicomotoras en simulación clínica: Metodología docente y resultados preliminares. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 641-654. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2023.2023.1656164165
Group clinical training, critical thinking and executive functions
[EN] 1. Introduction:An important challenge in teaching, still unresolved, is the teaching of
critical judgment in health sciences students. A new learning model is presented with the
use of executive functions, provided by neuroscience.
2. Objective:Know the use of executive functions in the clinical simulation group session, to
develop clinical judgment, by the students of health sciences and the opinion of the
participants.
3. Developing:The students were provided with information on executive functions, prior to
the clinical simulation group session, evaluating their performance through an "ad hoc"
verification form and their opinion through a satisfaction survey.
4. Results:A total of 86 6th year medical students participated voluntarily, completing an
opinion survey after participating in 9 group clinical simulation sessions.
The use of executive functions was identified and a very favorable response from the
participants was verified to develop critical thinking.
5. Conclusions:An innovative pilot study of teaching research is presented, which tries to
approach the knowledge of critical thinking, with the use of executive functions provided by
neuroscience.[ES] 1. Introducción: Un reto importante en la docencia, aún no resuelto, lo constituye la enseñanza del juicio crítico en los alumnos de ciencias de la salud. Se presenta un nuevo modelo de aprendizaje con el empleo de las funciones ejecutivas, aportadas por la neurociencia. 2. Objetivo: Conocer el empleo de las funciones ejecutivas en la sesión grupal de simulación clínica, para desarrollar el juicio clínico, por los alumnos y alumnas de ciencias de la salud y la opinión de los participantes. 3. Desarrollo: Se suministró a los alumnos una información sobre las funciones ejecutivas, previamente a la session grupal de simulación clínica, evaluando su desempeño mediante un formulario de verificación “ad hoc” y su opinión mediante una encuesta de satisfacción. 4. Resultados: Participaron de forma voluntaria un total de 86 alumnos de de 6º curso de medicina, que cumplimentaron una encuesta de opinión, tras participar en 9 sesiones de simulación clínica grupal. Se identificó el empleo de las funciones ejecutivas y se constató una respuesta muy favorable de los participantes. 5. Conclusiones: Se presenta un estudio piloto e innovador de investigación docente, que trata de aproximarse al conocimiento del pensamiento crítico, con el empleo de las funciones ejecutivas aportadas por la neurociencia.Tormo-Calandín, C.; Ruiz López, J.; Casal Angulo, C.; Prats Martínez, V.; Casaña Mohedo, J.; García Bermejo, P.; Ruiz Nicolás, L.... (2023). Formación clínica grupal, pensamiento crítico y funciones ejecutivas. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 754-768. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2023.2023.1659375476
La tutorización compartida en trabajos de final de grado: pilotaje de una experiencia en el Grado en Enfermería
El presente artículo describe una experiencia con alumnos de 4º de
enfermería que están matriculados en el trabajo de fin de grado (TFG). Se les asigna
doble tutor como guía y recurso para mejorar su aprendizaje y competencia
investigadora. Diseñamos una intervención cualitativa Phillips 66 para valorar las
fortalezas y las debilidades del modelo innovador elegido de tutorización. Los
resultados obtenidos fueron 1 fortaleza clara, la obtención de 2 puntos de vista distintos
sobre su proyecto, y 2 debilidades o riesgos, que pueda existir diferencia de criterio
entre ambos tutores, y que alguno de los dos tutores pueda no tener los conocimientos
suficientes sobre su itinerario.SIN FINANCIACIÓNNo data 2014UE
In Situ Simulation: A Strategy to Restore Patient Safety in Intensive Care Units after the COVID-19 Pandemic? Systematic Review
Background: Patient safety is a public health problem worldwide. In situ simulation (ISS) arises as a learning strategy that allows health professionals to immerse themselves in a real environment without endangering the patients until they have learned the skills needed, thus increasing the quality of care. This systematic review aimed to verify the efficacy of the use of “in situ simulation” as a method that will allow health professionals to increase patient safety in Intensive Care Units after the situation experienced during the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus. Methods: Seven studies were reviewed using the PRISMA methodology for systematic reviews. The CASPe guide was used to assess the quality of the manuscripts. Results: The main topics that emerged from this review in relation to in situ simulation were as follows: looking at aspects such as patient self-perception of safety, adverse events, interprofessional communication and health system organization in relation to in situ simulation. Conclusions: The adequate implementation of in situ simulation after the COVID-19 pandemic in ICU services is shown to be an efficient and effective strategy to promote improvement in the attitudes on a culture of safety and teamwork of professionals