Frutos e sementes consumidos pelo tambaqui, Colossoma macrompum (Cuvier, 1818) incorporados em rações. Digestibilidade e velocidade de trânsito pelo trato gastrointestinal

A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate nutrient gastrointestinal digestibility and transit velocity in tambaqui fed two species of fruits and two species of seeds incorporated in a reference diet. In the reference diet, 55% of the yellow corn grain was replaced, in equal proportions, by grounded meal prepared from the jauari (Astrocaryum jauari) and embaúba (Cecropia sp.) fruits, and from munguba (Pseudobombax munguba) and seringa barriguda (Hevea spruceana) seeds. Fifteen 250-L fiber cement tanks, with continuous water flow and aeration, were stocked with a total of sixty fish with 1627±112.8 g average weight, and four fish in each unit. A completely randomized design, with five treatments and three replicates, was used. During the experimental feeding, the fishes were hand-fed to visual satiety twice daily, at 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Feed transit time was calculated by the difference between time of the fish ingestion of diet (T0) and time (Tfinal) of the first appearance of the green colored feces, due to the presence of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) added to the diet as an inert indicator. Fish were sacrificed by a thermal shock at 4°C. The samples were collected from the stomach and in three distinct parts from the intestine. Fruits and seeds inclusion in the diet significantly altered the nutrient composition and the digestibility coefficient of all experimental diets. Diet composition showed significant effect on the feed gastrointestinal transit time

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE AÇAIZEIRO SOB DIFERENTES FREQUÊNCIAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes frequências de irrigação no desenvolvimento de mudas de açaizeiro no município de Capitão Poço - PA. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Campus Capitão Poço – Pará, entre julho a dezembro de 2016, sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com 5 repetições e 6 tratamentos hídricos: F1- frequência de irrigação de 12 horas em 12 horas, F2- frequência de irrigação de 24 em 24 horas, F3- frequência de irrigação de 36 em 36 horas, F4- frequência de irrigação de 48 em 48 horas, F5- frequência de irrigação de 60 em 60 horas e F6- frequência de irrigação de 72 em 72 horas. Cada unidade experimental foi composta por duas plantas, o que totalizou60 plantas. Foram analisadas as variáveis: alturas da planta, diâmetro do coleto e número de folhas, biomassa fresca e seca. Não houve diferença significativa das frequências de irrigação para as variáveis analisadas. Dessa forma, nas condições em que o experimento foi realizado, as frequências de irrigação não influenciaram no desenvolvimento das mudas de açaizeiro da cultivar BRS Pará

FUNDAMENTOS, PESQUISAS, CONTEMPORANEIDADES E TENDÊNCIAS NO ENSINO DE FÍSICA NO BRASIL

On a descriptive and applied basis, this issue of Revista do Professor de Física contains contributions presented at the 2022 Integrated Meetings in Physics and its Teaching (IMPT 2022), which took place at the University of Brasília (UnB) between December 12th and 16th of this year: II National Meeting of the National Professional Master's Degree in Physics Teaching (En-MNPEF), VIII Brazilian School of Physics Teaching (EBEF) and XI Roberto A. Salmeron School of Physics (EFRAS). The themes, references and methodologies are quite diverse, crossing approaches in scientific contents and their didactics; epistemological incursions; psychological relationships of learning; digital materials and technologies applied to teaching; active methodologies; experimentation and investigation; problem solving and conceptualization; resume; evaluation; science-technology-society approaches; literacy, literacy and scientific dissemination; teaching in non-formal spaces; trends and innovations etc. Emphasis was also placed on descriptions resulting from educational applications, including: didactic sequences; instructional materials; computational solutions and other digital technologies; experimental scripts etc. Contributions were made in fundamentals, research, contemporaneity and trends in physics teaching in Brazil, going through classic and frontier themes and approaches that recover social, political, organizational, diversity and inclusion discussions. One feature that can be drawn from the set of texts is the renewed translational attempt to bring academic approaches aimed at teaching Physics closer to the concreteness of performance in Basic Education.Em caráter descritivo e aplicado, o presente número da Revista do Professor de Física contém contribuições apresentadas nos Encontros Integrados em Física e seu Ensino 2022 (EIFE 2022), que tiveram lugar na Universidade de Brasília (UnB) entre os dias 12 a 16 de dezembro deste ano: II Encontro Nacional do Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física (En-MNPEF), VIII Escola Brasileira de Ensino de Física (EBEF) e XI Escola de Física Roberto A. Salmeron (EFRAS). Os temas, os referenciais e as metodologias são bastante diversas, transversalizando abordagens em conteúdos científicos e sua didática; incursões epistemológicas; relações psicológicas da aprendizagem; materiais e tecnologias digitais aplicadas ao ensino; metodologias ativas; experimentação e investigação; resolução de problemas e conceitualização; currículo; avaliação; abordagens ciência-tecnologia-sociedade; alfabetização, letramento e divulgação científica; ensino em espaços não formais; tendências e inovações etc. Também tiveram ênfase descrições decorrentes de aplicações educacionais, abrangendo: sequências didáticas; materiais instrucionais; soluções computacionais e outras tecnologias digitais; roteiros experimentais etc. As contribuições deram-se em fundamentos, pesquisas, contemporaneidades e tendências no ensino de física no Brasil, passando por temas clássicos e de fronteira e por abordagens que recuperam discussões sociais, políticas, organizacionais, de diversidade e inclusão. Uma característica que se pode haurir do conjunto de textos é a renovada tentativa translacional de aproximar abordagens acadêmicas voltadas para o ensino da Física à concretude da atuação na Educação Básica

Acute Exposure to Two Biocides Causes Morphological and Molecular Changes in the Gill Ciliary Epithelium of the Invasive Golden Mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857)

Limnoperna fortunei, the golden mussel, is a bivalve mollusk considered an invader in South America. This species is responsible for ecological and economic damages due to its voluminous fouling capability. Chemical biocides such as MXD-100™ and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) are often used to control L. fortunei infestations in hydraulic systems. Thus, we proposed to investigate the effects of different periods (24, 48 and 72 h) of exposure to MXD-100™ (0.56 mg L−1) and NaDCC (1.5 mg L−1) on the gills of L. fortunei through morphological and molecular analyses. NaDCC promoted progressive morphological changes during the analyzed periods and only an upregulation of SOD and HSP70 expression during the first 24 h of exposure. MXD-100™ led to severe morphological changes from the first period of exposure, in addition to an upregulation of SOD, CAT, HSP70 and CYP expression during the first 24 h. In contrast, MXD-100™ led to a downregulation of CAT transcription between 24 and 48 h. In static conditions, NaDCC causes lethal damage after 72 h of exposure, and that exposure needs to be continuous to achieve the control of the species. Meanwhile, the MXD-100™ treatment presented several effects during the first 24 h, showing acute toxicity in a shorter period of time

Os fatores determinantes e as complicações oriundas do crescimento fetal restrito: Determining factors and complications arising from restricted fetal growth

O feto portador de restrição do crescimento fetal intra-uterino evolui sem alcançar o seu potencial genético de crescimento. Destacando, que o Crescimento Intra-Uterino Restrito (CIUR) condiz a um complexo heterogêneo, caracterizado pela maioria ser de fetos biologicamente pequenos, mas não se encaixam na condição patológica, a qual urge por monitoramento. Neste contexto, pode estar ou não relacionado a inúmeras doenças a qual necessitam ser diagnosticadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores relacionados na etiologia e das complicações da restrição do crescimento intra-uterino. As informações existentes na literatura evidenciam a existência de vários desencadeantes nesta ocorrência, a qual abordam a associação de fatores maternos, placentários e fetais. Os distintos grupos possivelmente podem coexistir de modo simultâneo, sendo parte destes passíveis de prevenção

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lidar Observations in South America. Part I - Mesosphere and Stratosphere

South America covers a large area of the globe and plays a fundamental function in its climate change, geographical features, and natural resources. However, it still is a developing area, and natural resource management and energy production are far from a sustainable framework, impacting the air quality of the area and needs much improvement in monitoring. There are significant activities regarding laser remote sensing of the atmosphere at different levels for different purposes. Among these activities, we can mention the mesospheric probing of sodium measurements and stratospheric monitoring of ozone, and the study of wind and gravity waves. Some of these activities are long-lasting and count on the support from the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). We intend to pinpoint the most significant scientific achievements and show the potential of carrying out remote sensing activities in the continent and show its correlations with other earth science connections and synergies. In Part I of this chapter, we will present an overview and significant results of lidar observations in the mesosphere and stratosphere. Part II will be dedicated to tropospheric observations

Lidar Observations in South America. Part II - Troposphere

In Part II of this chapter, we intend to show the significant advances and results concerning aerosols’ tropospheric monitoring in South America. The tropospheric lidar monitoring is also supported by the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). It is concerned about aerosols originating from urban pollution, biomass burning, desert dust, sea spray, and other primary sources. Cloud studies and their impact on radiative transfer using tropospheric lidar measurements are also presented