24 research outputs found
Polymer optofluidic systems
Treball realitzat en col·laboració amb l'IMB-CNM (CSIC)Treball final de mà ster oficial fet en col·laboració amb Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB) i Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO
El Perfil professional del tècnic de joventut : anà lisi de la realitat a les comarques gironines
Sobre el perfil professional del tècnic de joventut a Catalunya, especialment a les comarques gironine
Application of an E-Tongue to the Analysis of Monovarietal and Blends of White Wines
This work presents a multiparametric system capable of characterizing and classifying white wines according to the grape variety and geographical origin. Besides, it quantifies specific parameters of interest for quality control in wine. The system, known as a hybrid electronic tongue, consists of an array of electrochemical microsensors-six ISFET based sensors, a conductivity sensor, a redox potential sensor and two amperometric electrodes, a gold microelectrode and a microelectrode for sensing electrochemical oxygen demand-and a miniaturized optofluidic system. The test sample set comprised eighteen Catalan monovarietal white wines from four different grape varieties, two Croatian monovarietal white wines and seven bi- and trivarietal mixtures prepared from the Catalan varieties. Different chemometric tools were used to characterize (i.e., Principal Component Analysis), classify (i.e., Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogy) and quantify (i.e., Partial-Least Squares) some parameters of interest. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the multisensor system for analysis of wine
Hybrid Electronic Tongues Applied to the Quality Control of Wines
The legislation of food industry is becoming increasingly strict with regard to the quality of food products. Therefore, the market is demanding for automatic systems of analysis that allow fast and accurate monitoring of the evolution of quality parameters in agrofood products or permit obtaining information to optimize production processes. In this context, sensors and more specifically microsensors play an important role since they allow fast and reproducible measurement of a large number of quality parameters with good reliability and can be implemented in portable systems. This paper presents a review of the results obtained with an electronic tongue based on different kinds of microsensors applied to wine analysis by the team of IMB-CNM. This multisensor system allows on one hand classifying the wine according to its features like grape variety, geographic origin, year, and organoleptic characteristics and on the other hand quantifying some parameters of interest in quality control, such as alcoholic degree, pH, ions, total acidity, glycerol, and color
PDMS-based opto uidic systems
Al llarg de la tesis, diversos elements òptics i fluidics s’han aconseguit integrar en sistemes optofluidics completament funcionals. La integraciĂł d’aquests s’ha realitzat fent servir la tècnica de soft-lithography i el PDMS com material constituent per garantir el baix cost i la felxibilitat dels sistemes LOC. Els elements desenvolupats s’han caracteritzat individualment i els LOCs s’han testat i caracteritzat com a eines per a l’analisis bioquĂmic per sobrepassar problemes actuals.
Es resalta el diseny, optimització, fabricació i caracterització dels elements optics individuals. Els elements òptics es divideixen en dos grups, passius i actius. Els passius són aquells que no necessiten cap font d’energia externa per funcionar. Primerament, els més simples, i.e., lents col·limadores i estructures d’autoalineament, necessà ries per crear estructures més complexes.
Aquests elements s’havien publicat prèviament, però l’optimització feta aixà com el desenvolupament d’estructures auxiliars tot fabricat utilitzant la mateixa tecnologia i sense augmentar el passos necessaris doten els elements d’una gran robustesa i ens permeten crear estructures més complexes. Miralls d’aire i lents s’han combinat per formar divisors de feix. El principal problema dels divisors de feix és la desviació entre la intensitat als canals de sortida. Aquest problema indica que pot haver-hi un desalineament en la posició de les fibres, les lents col·limadores o els miralls d’aire.
Utilitzant variacions de la tecnologia MIMIC un nou element òptic passiu s’ha dissenyat, fabricat i caracteritzat. PDMS dopat amb 3 pigments diferents s’ha utilitzat per crear filtres amb stopbands al llarg de l’espectr visible. Finalment, un element actiu, un emissor integrat, s’ha redissenyat utilitzant software de simulació òptica. Els resultats suggereixen que hi ha volums morts dins l’estructura i per tant, es proposa una reducció de tamany i un canvi de forma.
La integraciĂł de molts d’aquests elements mĂ©s alguns de fluĂdics es detalla. Primerament, connectors entre mòduls es dissenyen i testegen. L’emissor redissenyat es manufactura i caracteritza. El seu comportament concorda amb les simulacions i suggereig que encara es podria rediu mĂ©s el volum. Tots els mòduls es fabriquen de dues repliques de PDMS. Cada mòdul Ă©s elĂ stic i pot ser connectat amb els altres en qualsevol substrat, les connexions entre mòduls no sĂłn permanents i es poden fer i desfer sense cap coneixement previ sobre microfluidica o LOC. Per tant, el sistema modular tĂ© prou flexibilitat per crear LOC a la carta a investigadors sense els coneixements necessaris per crear-los des de zero. Per provar-ho diversos mòduls s’han unit i utilitzat per determinar la concentraciĂł de Cristall violeta.
Les lents col·limadores ja reportades s’han integrat monolĂticament en un generador de microgotes monodisperses. S’han proposat dues configuracions òptiques per possibilitar les mesures en fluorescència i absorbĂ ncia de les microgotes. Ambdues s’han testejat i comparat amb el set up previ demostrant resultats equiparables. A mĂ©s, les configuracions proposades poden detectar gotes no etiquetades, una fet que no era possible amb el set up previ, amb la mateixa precisiĂł i fiabilitat.
Malgrat tot, degut a les nostres lents col·limadores i els equips de lectura, la velocitat de detecció de gotes està limitada a 160 gotes/s. Finalment, la determinació del medi interior de la gota s’ha demostrat experimentalment per primer cop en un sistema optofluidic.
Finalment, s’ha contruit un FCOR comapcte i integrables utilitzant tècniques de soft-lithography i utilitzant únicament PDMS i aire per assegurar baix cost i robustesa. S’han utilitzat phaseguides per crear un FCOR amb un mirall mòbil sense parts mòbils. Aquest LOC és repetitiu i té una llarga durabilitat (no s’aprecia degradació o baixada de rendiment en tot l’espectre visible durant setmanes).
Per últim, FCOR s’ha integrat amb dos LOC reportats amb anterioritat per fer mesures en paral·lel de glucosa i lactat amb una única font de llum.
Un cop calibrat el sistema, el FCOR permet la mesura de glucosa i lactat amb coherència amb resultats previs. Validant, per tant, el FCOR per anà lisis en paral·lel.Along the thesis, several optics and fluidics elements are succesfully integrated in fully functional optouidic systems. Integration of these elements using soft-lithography fabrication technique and PDMS as constituent material ensures low-cost, disposable and flexible LOCs systems. Developed elements are individually characterized and LOCs are characterized and tested as (bio)chemical tools to overcome unsolved issues of the present state of the art in LOC applications.
Design, optimization, fabrication and characterization of individual optical elements is outlined. Optical elements have been divided in two categories, passive and active elements. Passive elements are those which do not require an energy source to work. Firstly, the most simple elements, i.e., collimation lenses and self-alignment structures, necessary to create more complex structures. Such elements usually were published previously, but our development and optimization of elements as well as auxiliary structures, e.g., stoppers and self-alignment channels, built using a single technology with no increase of fabrication steps, provide a robust approach to create more complex structures.
Air mirrors and lenses are combined to create beam splitters. The major issue of the BS is the deviation of output power between channels. This result suggests that some misalignment in the fibre position, the lens collimation or the waveguide geometry has occurred.
Using developed MIMIC variations a new passive optical element are designed, fabricated and characterized. PDMS doped with three different pigments are used to create filters with stopbands along the whole visible spectrum.
Finally, an active element, an integrated emitter, is redesigned using TracePro simulation software. Simulation results suggest there are dead volumes inside the emitter chamber. Then, size reduction and shape change is proposed.
Integration of many of the these optical plus some fluidic elements is explained. Firstly, different connectors between modules are designed and tested. The previously redesigned integrated emitter are manufactured and characterized. Its behaviour matches with simulations results and suggest a further size reduction is not only possible but also recommendable.
All the modules are fabricated from two PDMS replicas. Each module is elastic and can be assembled with other modules in any substrate, modules connections are not permanent and can be plug and unplug with no previous knowledge in microfluidics or LOC. Hence, presented modular system have enough flexibility to create LOC on demand to researchers without the background required to design and manufacture LOC systems from scratch. In order to prove it several modules are tested together in a crystal violet concentration determination.
Previously reported collimation lenses are monolithically integrated in a monodisperse microdroplets generator. Two different optical configurations have been proposed in order to make possible fluorescence and absorbance measurement of droplets. Both are tested and compared to previous set up with equivalent results. In addition, proposed configurations can detect unlabelled droplets, a feature that was not possible with the previous set up, with the same precision and reliability.
However, due to our collimation lenses and readout equipment, the droplet generation rate is limited to 160 drops/s. Finally, screening of droplet inner medium is experimentally proved for first time in optofluidic system.
Afterwards, a compact and integrable fluidically controlled optical router (FCOR) is build using soft-lithographic techniques and made entirely of PDMS and air ensuring low-cost and robustness. Phaseguides, has been exploited to create a FCOR with a movable mirror without mobile parts. The LOC is repetitive, and has a good durability (non appreciable degradation or performance deterioration for weeks, in the whole visible spectrum).
Finally, FCOR is integrated in a previously reported LOC performing parallel measurements of glucose and lactate with a single light source. After setup calibration, the FCOR allows parallel measurement of glucose and lactate showing good agreement with previous results. Validating then, the FCOR for parallel analysis
PDMS-based opto uidic systems
Al llarg de la tesis, diversos elements òptics i fluidics s'han aconseguit integrar en sistemes optofluidics completament funcionals. La integraciĂł d'aquests s'ha realitzat fent servir la tècnica de soft-lithography i el PDMS com material constituent per garantir el baix cost i la felxibilitat dels sistemes LOC. Els elements desenvolupats s'han caracteritzat individualment i els LOCs s'han testat i caracteritzat com a eines per a l'analisis bioquĂmic per sobrepassar problemes actuals. Es resalta el diseny, optimitzaciĂł, fabricaciĂł i caracteritzaciĂł dels elements optics individuals. Els elements òptics es divideixen en dos grups, passius i actius. Els passius sĂłn aquells que no necessiten cap font d'energia externa per funcionar. Primerament, els mĂ©s simples, i.e., lents col·limadores i estructures d'autoalineament, necessĂ ries per crear estructures mĂ©s complexes. Aquests elements s'havien publicat prèviament, però l'optimitzaciĂł feta aixĂ com el desenvolupament d'estructures auxiliars tot fabricat utilitzant la mateixa tecnologia i sense augmentar el passos necessaris doten els elements d'una gran robustesa i ens permeten crear estructures mĂ©s complexes. Miralls d'aire i lents s'han combinat per formar divisors de feix. El principal problema dels divisors de feix Ă©s la desviaciĂł entre la intensitat als canals de sortida. Aquest problema indica que pot haver-hi un desalineament en la posiciĂł de les fibres, les lents col·limadores o els miralls d'aire. Utilitzant variacions de la tecnologia MIMIC un nou element òptic passiu s'ha dissenyat, fabricat i caracteritzat. PDMS dopat amb 3 pigments diferents s'ha utilitzat per crear filtres amb stopbands al llarg de l'espectr visible. Finalment, un element actiu, un emissor integrat, s'ha redissenyat utilitzant software de simulaciĂł òptica. Els resultats suggereixen que hi ha volums morts dins l'estructura i per tant, es proposa una reducciĂł de tamany i un canvi de forma. La integraciĂł de molts d'aquests elements mĂ©s alguns de fluĂdics es detalla. Primerament, connectors entre mòduls es dissenyen i testegen. L'emissor redissenyat es manufactura i caracteritza. El seu comportament concorda amb les simulacions i suggereig que encara es podria rediu mĂ©s el volum. Tots els mòduls es fabriquen de dues repliques de PDMS. Cada mòdul Ă©s elĂ stic i pot ser connectat amb els altres en qualsevol substrat, les connexions entre mòduls no sĂłn permanents i es poden fer i desfer sense cap coneixement previ sobre microfluidica o LOC. Per tant, el sistema modular tĂ© prou flexibilitat per crear LOC a la carta a investigadors sense els coneixements necessaris per crear-los des de zero. Per provar-ho diversos mòduls s'han unit i utilitzat per determinar la concentraciĂł de Cristall violeta. Les lents col·limadores ja reportades s'han integrat monolĂticament en un generador de microgotes monodisperses. S'han proposat dues configuracions òptiques per possibilitar les mesures en fluorescència i absorbĂ ncia de les microgotes. Ambdues s'han testejat i comparat amb el set up previ demostrant resultats equiparables. A mĂ©s, les configuracions proposades poden detectar gotes no etiquetades, una fet que no era possible amb el set up previ, amb la mateixa precisiĂł i fiabilitat. Malgrat tot, degut a les nostres lents col·limadores i els equips de lectura, la velocitat de detecciĂł de gotes estĂ limitada a 160 gotes/s. Finalment, la determinaciĂł del medi interior de la gota s'ha demostrat experimentalment per primer cop en un sistema optofluidic. Finalment, s'ha contruit un FCOR comapcte i integrables utilitzant tècniques de soft-lithography i utilitzant Ăşnicament PDMS i aire per assegurar baix cost i robustesa. S'han utilitzat phaseguides per crear un FCOR amb un mirall mòbil sense parts mòbils. Aquest LOC Ă©s repetitiu i tĂ© una llarga durabilitat (no s'aprecia degradaciĂł o baixada de rendiment en tot l'espectre visible durant setmanes). Per Ăşltim, FCOR s'ha integrat amb dos LOC reportats amb anterioritat per fer mesures en paral·lel de glucosa i lactat amb una Ăşnica font de llum. Un cop calibrat el sistema, el FCOR permet la mesura de glucosa i lactat amb coherència amb resultats previs. Validant, per tant, el FCOR per anĂ lisis en paral·lel.Along the thesis, several optics and fluidics elements are succesfully integrated in fully functional optouidic systems. Integration of these elements using soft-lithography fabrication technique and PDMS as constituent material ensures low-cost, disposable and flexible LOCs systems. Developed elements are individually characterized and LOCs are characterized and tested as (bio)chemical tools to overcome unsolved issues of the present state of the art in LOC applications. Design, optimization, fabrication and characterization of individual optical elements is outlined. Optical elements have been divided in two categories, passive and active elements. Passive elements are those which do not require an energy source to work. Firstly, the most simple elements, i.e., collimation lenses and self-alignment structures, necessary to create more complex structures. Such elements usually were published previously, but our development and optimization of elements as well as auxiliary structures, e.g., stoppers and self-alignment channels, built using a single technology with no increase of fabrication steps, provide a robust approach to create more complex structures. Air mirrors and lenses are combined to create beam splitters. The major issue of the BS is the deviation of output power between channels. This result suggests that some misalignment in the fibre position, the lens collimation or the waveguide geometry has occurred. Using developed MIMIC variations a new passive optical element are designed, fabricated and characterized. PDMS doped with three different pigments are used to create filters with stopbands along the whole visible spectrum. Finally, an active element, an integrated emitter, is redesigned using TracePro simulation software. Simulation results suggest there are dead volumes inside the emitter chamber. Then, size reduction and shape change is proposed. Integration of many of the these optical plus some fluidic elements is explained. Firstly, different connectors between modules are designed and tested. The previously redesigned integrated emitter are manufactured and characterized. Its behaviour matches with simulations results and suggest a further size reduction is not only possible but also recommendable. All the modules are fabricated from two PDMS replicas. Each module is elastic and can be assembled with other modules in any substrate, modules connections are not permanent and can be plug and unplug with no previous knowledge in microfluidics or LOC. Hence, presented modular system have enough flexibility to create LOC on demand to researchers without the background required to design and manufacture LOC systems from scratch. In order to prove it several modules are tested together in a crystal violet concentration determination. Previously reported collimation lenses are monolithically integrated in a monodisperse microdroplets generator. Two different optical configurations have been proposed in order to make possible fluorescence and absorbance measurement of droplets. Both are tested and compared to previous set up with equivalent results. In addition, proposed configurations can detect unlabelled droplets, a feature that was not possible with the previous set up, with the same precision and reliability. However, due to our collimation lenses and readout equipment, the droplet generation rate is limited to 160 drops/s. Finally, screening of droplet inner medium is experimentally proved for first time in optofluidic system. Afterwards, a compact and integrable fluidically controlled optical router (FCOR) is build using soft-lithographic techniques and made entirely of PDMS and air ensuring low-cost and robustness. Phaseguides, has been exploited to create a FCOR with a movable mirror without mobile parts. The LOC is repetitive, and has a good durability (non appreciable degradation or performance deterioration for weeks, in the whole visible spectrum). Finally, FCOR is integrated in a previously reported LOC performing parallel measurements of glucose and lactate with a single light source. After setup calibration, the FCOR allows parallel measurement of glucose and lactate showing good agreement with previous results. Validating then, the FCOR for parallel analysis
Light spectral filtering based on spatial adiabatic passage
We present the first experimental realization of a light spectral filter based on the spatial adiabatic passage technique. We demonstrate that a fully integrable CMOS-compatible system of three coupled identical total internal reflection silicon oxide waveguides with variable separation along their propagation direction can be used simultaneously as a low-and high-pass spectral filter within the visible range of wavelengths. Light is injected into the right waveguide, and after propagating along the system, long wavelengths are transferred into the left output, whereas short wavelengths propagate to the right and central outputs. The stopband reaches values up to -11 dB for the left output and approximately -20 dB for the right plus central outputs. The passband values are close to 0 dB for both cases. We also demonstrate that the filtering characteristics of the device can be controlled by modifying the parameter values, which define the geometry of the triple-waveguide system. However, the general filtering behavior of the system does not critically depend on technological variations. Thus, the spatial adiabatic passage filtering approach constitutes an alternative to other integrated filtering devices, such as interference or absorbance-based filters
Sistema modular de análisis de haces de luz
[EN] The invention relates to a modular system for analysing beams of light, comprising a plurality of parts that are assembled and can be interchangeably exchanged with one another using a tongue-and-groove system, and each part comprising a substrate material, and comprising at least one micro-optical or photonic element. In addition, the parts can comprise microfluidic elements.[ES] Sistema modular de análisis de haces de luz que comprende una pluralidad de piezas que se ensamblan y se pueden intercambiar indistintamente entre sĂ mediante machihembrado y cada pieza comprende un material substrato y comprende al menos un elemento micro-Ăłptico o fotĂłnico. Adicionalmente las piezas pueden comprender elementos microfluĂdicos.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂficas (España), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgA1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la tĂ©cnic
Modular system for analysing beams of light
Sistema modular de análisis de haces de luz que comprende una pluralidad de piezas que se ensamblan y se pueden intercambiar indistintamente entre sĂ mediante machihembrado y cada pieza comprende un material substrato y comprende al menos un elemento micro-Ăłptico o fotĂłnico. Adicionalmente las piezas pueden comprender elementos microfluĂdicos.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂficas (España), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgB1 Patente sin examen previ
Application of an E-Tongue to the Analysis of Monovarietal and Blends of White Wines
This work presents a multiparametric system capable of characterizing and classifying white wines according to the grape variety and geographical origin. Besides, it quantifies specific parameters of interest for quality control in wine. The system, known as a hybrid electronic tongue, consists of an array of electrochemical microsensors—six ISFET based sensors, a conductivity sensor, a redox potential sensor and two amperometric electrodes, a gold microelectrode and a microelectrode for sensing electrochemical oxygen demand—and a miniaturized optofluidic system. The test sample set comprised eighteen Catalan monovarietal white wines from four different grape varieties, two Croatian monovarietal white wines and seven bi- and trivarietal mixtures prepared from the Catalan varieties. Different chemometric tools were used to characterize (i.e., Principal Component Analysis), classify (i.e., Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogy) and quantify (i.e., Partial-Least Squares) some parameters of interest. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the multisensor system for analysis of wine.We acknowledge funding from the Spanish R & D National Program (MICINN Project
TEC2007-68012-C03-01/03), the CIDEM network GTQ-Tecnio and the Juan de la Cierva scholarship
(Manuel Gutiérrez