Nuevo método de evaluación de contenidos prácticos en la docencia universitaria

[EN] The practical contents in the University subjects are essential for an effective learning of taught theoretical concepts. The evaluation of the learning results of these practices involves, in some subjects, difficulties such as plagiarism and undue dedication of the teacher. This work presents a teaching innovation experience that automates evaluation, avoids plagiarism, promotes continuous practical learning, improves the students' scores and their assessment of the subject.[ES] Los contenidos prácticos en las asignaturas universitarias son fundamentales para un aprendizaje efectivo de los conceptos teóricos impartidos. La evaluación de los resultados de aprendizaje de estas prácticas entraña, en algunas asignaturas, dificultades como plagios y una indebida dedicación por parte del profesor. En este trabajo se presenta una experiencia de innovación educativa que automatiza la evaluación, evita el plagio, promueve el aprendizaje práctico continuo, mejora las calificaciones de los estudiantes y su valoración de la asignatura.Miedes, E.; Jordá, L. (2018). Nuevo método de evaluación de contenidos prácticos en la docencia universitaria. En IN-RED 2018. IV Congreso Nacional de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 826-833. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2018.2018.8734OCS82683

Tratamiento de la boca seca: puesta al día

La boca seca es una situación muy común en la clínica odontológica y las causas que producen esta alteración de la secreción de saliva pueden ser múltiples. Es especialmente frecuente en personas de edad avanzada y en pacientes que están tomando gran cantidad de fármacos. El tratamiento de esta situación deberá estar relacionado con la eliminación de la causa que la produce y cuando esto no es posible se basará en el estimulo de la secreción salival con determinados fármacos o en la sustitución de la misma con las llamadas salivas artificiales. En este articulo queremos sistematizar de forma sucesiva las actuaciones terapéuticas a seguir en este tipo de pacientes.Dry mouth is a very common condition in dental practice, and the causes underlying this alteration in salivary secretion are diverse. The problem is particularly common in polymedicated elderly people. Treatment should aim to eliminate the background cause; however, when this is not possible, management should focus on the stimulation of salivation or the provision of a saliva substitute. The present study provides a systematic account of the management protocol for patients with dry mouth

Caries dental en diabéticos tipo 1: Influencia de factores sistémicos de la enfermedad en la instauración de la caries dental

Objetivos: La diabetes mellitus es una de las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes en población general. Se presenta un estudio que pretende evaluar la presencia de caries en los pacientes diabéticos tipo 1. El objetivo específico era comprobar si había o no mayor incidencia de caries en diabéticos tipo 1 comparándolos con un grupo de individuos no diabéticos. También, se comprobó la relación con las tasas de flujo salival y con los factores propios de la enfermedad como el grado de control metabólico, el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad y la existencia de complicaciones crónicas. Diseño del estudio: Se estudiaron 90 diabéticos tipo 1 de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 50 años de edad y un grupo de pacientes controles no diabéticos pareados por edad y sexo. Se realizó una exploración visual y táctil, en todos los dientes de los sujetos explorados. Se tuvo en cuenta el grado de la higiene oral mediante el índice de placa de O'Leary, y se estudiaron las tasas de saliva basal y estimulada en ambos grupos. En el grupo diabético se relaciono con el control de la enfermedad mediante la obtención de la media de la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) de los dos años previos a la exploración, así como la evolución de su enfermedad en años y la existencia de complicaciones como neuropatía diabética o retinopatía. Resultados: Bajo similares condiciones de higiene oral y de flujo salival, el grupo diabético resultó tener una incidencia de caries mayor que el grupo control (p<0.05). Asimismo, al estudiar específicamente al grupo diabético, ni el control metabólico de la enfermedad, ni la evolución de la enfermedad, ni la existencia de complicaciones de la diabetes tenían influencia en la instauración de caries dental. Conclusiones: Se sugiere que habría que estudiar factores cualitativos salivales que explicasen esta mayor incidencia de caries en los diabéticos.Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the general population. A study is made of the presence of caries in type 1 diabetic patients. The specific aim was to determine whether such patients present a greater incidence of dental caries than non-diabetic individuals. An evaluation was also made of the relationship of caries to salivary flow and to factors inherent to the disease such as the degree of metabolic control, the duration of diabetes, and the existence of chronic complications. Study design: The study comprised 90 type 1 diabetics between 18 and 50 years of age, and a group of non-diabetic controls matched for age and sex. Visual and tactile exploration of the dentition was carried out in all cases. Oral hygiene was rated based on the O'Leary plaque index, and basal (unstimulated) and stimulated salivary flow were evaluated in both groups. In the diabetic group, correlations were established with disease control based on the mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value corresponding to the two years prior to examination; evolution of the disease in years; and the existence of complications such as diabetic neuropathy or retinopathy. Results: Under similar conditions of oral hygiene and salivary flow, the diabetic group showed a higher incidence of caries than the control group (p<0.05). Likewise, on specifically analyzing the diabetic group, metabolic control of the disease, the duration of diabetes, and the existence of complications of the disease exerted an influence upon the development of dental caries. Conclusions: Qualitative salivary studies are advised to better account for this increased incidence of caries in the diabetic population

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease : relationship to different clinical variables

Objective: This study is designed to evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and how this relates with diabetes metabolic control, duration of diabetes, and presence of diabetic complications. Methods: A comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding index, pocket depth and attachment loss) in a group of diabetic patients (n=90) versus a group of non-diabetics (n=90). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate relationship between periodontal parameters and degree of metabolic control, the duration of the disease, and the appearance of complications. Results: Diabetics had greater bleeding index (p<0.01), deeper periodontal pockets (p<0.01) and more periodontal attachment loss (p<0.01) than non-diabetics. Deficient metabolic control and presence of diabetic complication were associated with higher bleeding index and pocket depth (p?0.02). Conclusions: Patients with type 1 diabetes appear to show increased periodontal disease susceptibility, particularly those with poorer metabolic control or with diabetic complications

Dental caries in type 1 diabetics : influence of systemic factors of the disease upon the development of dental caries

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the general population. A study is made of the presence of caries in type 1 diabetic patients. The specific aim was to determine whether such patients present a greater incidence of dental caries than non-diabetic individuals. An evaluation was also made of the relationship of caries to salivary flow and to factors inherent to the disease such as the degree of metabolic control, the duration of diabetes, and the existence of chronic complications. Study design: The study comprised 90 type 1 diabetics between 18 and 50 years of age, and a group of non-diabetic controls matched for age and sex. Visual and tactile exploration of the dentition was carried out in all cases. Oral hygiene was rated based on the O?Leary plaque index, and basal (unstimulated) and stimulated salivary flow were evaluated in both groups. In the diabetic group, correlations were established with disease control based on the mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value corresponding to the two years prior to examination; evolution of the disease in years; and the existence of complications such as diabetic neuropathy or retinopathy. Results: Under similar conditions of oral hygiene and salivary flow, the diabetic group showed a higher incidence of caries than the control group (p<0.05). Likewise, on specifically analyzing the diabetic group, metabolic control of the disease, the duration of diabetes, and the existence of complications of the disease exerted an influence upon the development of dental caries. Conclusions: Qualitative salivary studies are advised to better account for this increased incidence of caries in the diabetic population

Non‐branched β‐1,3‐glucan oligosaccharides trigger immune responses in Arabidopsis

[EN] Fungal cell walls, which are essential for environmental adaptation and host colonization by the fungus, have been evolutionarily selected by plants and animals as a source of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that, upon recognition by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), trigger immune responses conferring disease resistance. Chito-oligosaccharides [b-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine oligomers, (GlcNAc)n] are the only glycosidic structures from fungal walls that have been well-demonstrated to function as MAMPs in plants. Perception of (GlcNAc)4–8 by Arabidopsis involves CERK1, LYK4 and LYK5, three of the eight members of the LysM PRR family. We found that a glucan-enriched wall fraction from the pathogenic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina which was devoid of GlcNAc activated immune responses in Arabidopsis wild-type plants but not in the cerk1 mutant. Using this differential response, we identified the non-branched 1,3-b-D-(Glc) hexasaccharide as a major fungal MAMP. Recognition of 1,3-b-D-(Glc)6 was impaired in cerk1 but not in mutants defective in either each of the LysM PRR family members or in the PRR-co-receptor BAK1. Transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis plants treated with 1,3-b-D-(Glc)6 further demonstrated that this fungal MAMP triggers the expression of immunity-associated genes. In silico docking analyses with molecular mechanics and solvation energy calculations corroborated that CERK1 can bind 1,3-b-D-(Glc)6 at effective concentrations similar to those of (GlcNAc)4. These data support that plants, like animals, have selected as MAMPs the linear 1,3-b-D-glucans present in the walls of fungi and oomycetes. Our data also suggest that CERK1 functions as an immune co-receptor for linear 1,3-b-D-glucans in a similar way to its proposed function in the recognition of fungal chito-oligosaccharides and bacterial peptidoglycan MAMPs.S

La responsabilidad social empresarial y el modelo de excelencia EFQM como marco de integración de los sistemas de gestión en las organizaciones

Revista Ingeniería y Competitividad por Universidad del Valle se encuentra bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento - Debe reconocer adecuadamente la autoría, proporcionar un enlace a la licencia e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo de cualquier manera razonable, pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene el apoyo del licenciador o lo recibe por el uso que hace.[EN] Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an important topic for modern organizations. Companies around the world recognize that their purpose is not only manufacturing products or services; they are also responsible for the risks that can affect not only their workers but the environment as well.This research was conducted with the main objective of defining an integration framework for quality, environmental, and occupational health management systems based on CSR and the EFQM excellence model. This research project tends to be explanatory and oriented to theoretical structures, and because of its methodological approach and foundations we used qualitative and quantitative tools. After this, we used quantified information through case studies.As a result, we generated a model under the CSR guiding principles and indicators that can help measure the maturity of a company’s CSR.A valid justification is given for organizations to start taking CSR actions, in such a way that they can integrate CSR in their base strategy and in their global management system. The benefits of doing this are improvements in productivity and that organizations can become competitive and socially responsible with excellence criteria.[ES] La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) es hoy un tema obligado en las organizaciones. Se empieza a reconocer que las empresas, además de producir bienes y servicios, son también responsables de los riesgos que generan, no sólo para sus trabajadores, sino por la contaminación al medio ambiente. Ésta investigación se desarrolló con el propósito de definir un marco de integración para los sistemas de gestión en calidad, ambiental y salud ocupacional, tomando la RSE y el modelo de excelencia EFQM como base. Entre los resultados se tiene la generación de un modelo bajo los principios de la RSE y de indicadores con los cuales la gerencia pueda medir la madurez de su RSE. Con ello se propone que muestren su RSE, mediante las buenas acciones que una organización demuestre desde el punto de vista empresarial: no contaminación, respeto y preocupación por sus trabajadores, clientes y Stakeholders. Se proporciona, por tanto, a las organizaciones una justificación válida para incursionar en acciones de RSE, de tal manera que integrando este concepto en su estrategia básica y en su sistema de gestión global, serán más productivas y podrán convertirse en empresas competitivas y socialmente responsables con criterios de excelencia.Quintero Garzón, ML.; Carrión García, A.; Jordá Rodríguez, A.; Rodríguez Córdoba, MP. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and the EFQM excellence model as a frame work for integration of management systems in organizations. Ingeniería y Competitividad. 17(1):9-22. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/63632S92217

Adjuvant Effect of Titanium Brushes in Peri-Implant Surgical Treatment: A Systematic Review

Background: the prognosis of peri-implant surgery can be affected by poor decontamination of the implant surface, which could be improved with the use of titanium brushes. The objectives of this systematic review were to evaluate the effectiveness of titanium brushes in the decontamination of the implant surface in terms of plaque index, probing depth, bleeding on probing and bone loss/gain; as well as its effectiveness according to the type of peri-implant bone defect. Methods: an electronic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Embase databases, as well as a manual search. The search strategy included four keywords: “Peri-implantitis”, “Periimplantitis”, “Implant Surface Decontamination” and “Titanium Brush”. Randomized controlled studies published in the last 10 years were included and systematic reviews, in vitro studies and animal studies were excluded. Results: 142 references were found, from which only four articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies included in the present review reported beneficial results in terms of probing depth, gingival index and radiographic bone loss and gain after implant surface decontamination adjuvated by titanium brushes. Conclusions: titanium rotary brushes show improvements in the evolution and prognosis of peri-implant surgery, although more long-term studies are needed to draw more solid conclusionsOdontologí

Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β‐subunit of the heterotrimeric G‐protein

[EN] Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggeredimmunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. It also plays a role in plantcell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gb-(agb1-2)orGc-subunits have an altered wall compositioncompared with wild-type plants. Here we performed a mutant screen to identify suppressors ofagb1-2(sgb) that restore susceptibility to pathogens to wild-type levels. Out of the foursgbmutants (sgb10–sgb13)identified,sgb11is a new mutant allele ofESKIMO1(ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharideO-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7)ofESK1restore to wild-typelevels the enhanced susceptibility ofagb1-2to the necrotrophic fungusPlectosphaerella cucumerina BMM(PcBMM), but not to the bacteriumPseudomonas syringaepv.tomatoDC3000 or to the oomyceteHyaloper-onospora arabidopsidis. The enhanced resistance toPcBMMof theagb1-2 esk1-7double mutant was notthe result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses inagb1-2. Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylationcaused byESK1impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitu-tive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of trypto-phan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites anddifferent osmolites. Theseesk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI andPcBMMsuscepti-bility ofagb1-2plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance ofesk1plants. These results suggestthat a deficient PTI-mediated resistance is partially compensated by the activation of specific cell-wall-trig-gered immune responses.SISpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) grants BIO2012-32910 to A.M.The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and matching funding from KTH (grants to V.B) and NIGMS (R01GM065989) and NSF (MCB-1713880) to A.M.J. The Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy through the grant DE-FG02-05er15671 to A.M.J. funded technical support in this study. H.M. was supported by an IEF grant (SignWALLINg-624721) from the European Union, E.M. by a Juan de la Cierva Postdoctoral Fellow from MINECO, S.S. by the BRAVE Erasmus Mundi Program (European Union), and A.M.-B. was the recipient of a PIF fellow from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

YODA Kinase Controls a Novel Immune Pathway of Tomato Conferring Enhanced Disease Resistance to the Bacterium Pseudomonas syringae

© 2020 Téllez, Muñoz-Barrios, Sopeña-Torres, Martín-Forero, Ortega, Pérez, Sanz, Borja, de Marcos, Nicolas, Jahrmann, Mena, Jordá and Molina.Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) play pivotal roles in transducing developmental cues and environmental signals into cellular responses through pathways initiated by MAPK kinase kinases (MAP3K). AtYODA is a MAP3K of Arabidopsis thaliana that controls stomatal development and non-canonical immune responses. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing a constitutively active YODA protein (AtCA-YDA) show broad-spectrum disease resistance and constitutive expression of defensive genes. We tested YDA function in crops immunity by heterologously overexpressing AtCA-YDA in Solanum lycopersicum. We found that these tomato AtCA-YDA plants do not show developmental phenotypes and fitness alterations, except a reduction in stomatal index, as reported in Arabidopsis AtCA-YDA plants. Notably, AtCA-YDA tomato plants show enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and constitutive upregulation of defense-associated genes, corroborating the functionality of YDA in tomato immunity. This function was further supported by generating CRISPR/Cas9-edited tomato mutants impaired in the closest orthologs of AtYDA [Solyc08g081210 (SlYDA1) and Solyc03g025360 (SlYDA2)]. Slyda1 and Slyda2 mutants are highly susceptible to P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in comparison to wild-type plants but only Slyda2 shows altered stomatal index. These results indicate that tomato orthologs have specialized functions and support that YDA also regulates immune responses in tomato and may be a trait for breeding disease resistance.This work was supported by grants BIO2015-64077-R of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), RTI2018-096975-B-I00 of Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and grant P190050072 of Plant Response Biotech SL to AMo. Research in the Montaña Mena’s laboratory is supported by the MINECO (PPII10-0194-4164) and the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (SBPLY/17/180501/000394), complemented with EU FEDER funds. JT was financially supported by a PhD fellow of the FPI program from MINECO (BES-2016-076708). AM-F and AO were recipients of research and PhD fellowships from JCCM