Making better places to visit: Using the product—country image framework to understand travelers’ loyalty towards responsible tourism operators

The present study examines the antecedents of travelers’ loyalty towards responsible tourism operators in India. A model of brand loyalty was developed by integrating two strands of literature: product—country Image (PCI) and extensive work concerning the concepts of destination image and destination loyalty. Results indicate tourists’ motivations to participate in responsible tourism and their perceptions of the destination and the operator’s brand constitute the determinants of their attitudinal and behavioral loyalty towards their operator.The study adds to our understanding of the demand side of responsible tourism while extending place image theory

Modernity’s Regimes of Wonderment

Review of Curious Visions of Modernity: Enchantment, Magic, and the Sacred by David L. Martin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011. xviii + 255 pages. $32.95 cloth

Effect of reheating on predictions following multiple-field inflation

We study the sensitivity of cosmological observables to the reheating phase following inflation driven by many scalar fields. We describe a method which allows semi-analytic treatment of the impact of perturbative reheating on cosmological perturbations using the sudden decay approximation. Focusing on $\mathcal{N}$-quadratic inflation, we show how the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio are affected by the rates at which the scalar fields decay into radiation. We find that for certain choices of decay rates, reheating following multiple-field inflation can have a significant impact on the prediction of cosmological observables.Comment: Published in PRD. 4 figures, 10 page

Functional characteristics of lymphocytes propagated from a human multivisceral allograft.

We investigated the characteristics of lymphocytes propagated from biopsies of the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and ileum of a human multivisceral allograft in order to provide functional evidence for the presence or absence of rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The recipient was a 39-month-old girl with secretory diarrhea due to microvillus inclusion disease and end-stage liver disease secondary to prolonged parenteral nutrition. She developed a multifocal posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and died 37 days after transplantation. Four pairs of sequential mesenteric lymph node and liver biopsies (13, 17, 24, and 33 d posttransplant) and a single ileal biopsy (31 d posttransplant) were placed in culture with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). T-cell phenotyping of cultured cells showed that CD8+ cells became dominant in all three tissues. The alloreactivity of biopsy-grown cells was determined using the primed lymphocyte test (PLT) and cell-mediated lympholysis test (CML). The proliferative and/or cytolytic responses of biopsy-grown cells to donor but not recipient or third party cells provided evidence for rejection and absence of GVHD. This donor-specific alloreactivity was detected before there was histologic evidence of rejection and during the period of active lymphoproliferation. This study suggests that the functional characterization of graft-infiltrating lymphocytes is useful in defining the immunologic events following multivisceral transplantation

An Analysis of the Next-to-Leading Order Corrections to the g_T(=g_1+g_2) Scaling Function

We present a general method for obtaining the quantum chromodynamical radiative corrections to the higher-twist (power-suppressed) contributions to inclusive deep-inelastic scattering in terms of light-cone correlation functions of the fundamental fields of quantum chromodynamics. Using this procedure, we calculate the previously unknown ${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$ corrections to the twist-three part of the spin scaling function $g_T(x_B,Q^2) (=g_1(x_B,Q^2)+g_2(x_B,Q^2))$ and the corresponding forward Compton amplitude $S_T(\nu,Q^2)$. Expanding our result about the unphysical point $x_B=\infty$, we arrive at an operator product expansion of the nonlocal product of two electromagnetic current operators involving twist-two and -three operators valid to ${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$ for forward matrix elements. We find that the Wandzura-Wilczek relation between $g_1(x_B,Q^2)$ and the twist-two part of $g_T(x_B,Q^2)$ is respected in both the singlet and non-singlet sectors at this order, and argue its validity to all orders. The large-$N_c$ limit does not appreciably simplify the twist-three Wilson coefficients.Comment: 41 pages, 9 figures, corrected minor erro

One-Loop Factorization of the Nucleon g_2-Structure Function in the Non-Singlet Case

We consider the one-loop factorization of the simplest twist-three process: inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of longitudinally-polarized leptons on a transversely-polarized nucleon target. By studying the Compton amplitudes for certain quark and gluon states at one loop, we find the coefficient functions for the non-singlet twist-three distributions in the factorization formula of g_2(x_B,Q^2). The result marks the first step towards a next-to-leading order (NLO) formalism for this transverse-spin-dependent structure function of the nucleon.Comment: 14 pages, revtex4, four figures included, minor change

The TJUH Hospital Medicine COVID19 Emergency Taskforce: A guiding light during the surge of spring 2020

What’s the Problem? In mid March 2020 a highly infectious and deadly disease appeared in Philadelphia that no American physician had ever treated before. The challenge of disseminating reliable and relevant information about a novel and dangerous pathogen across practice areas cannot be understated. Usual practices for communication and leadership are not designed to manage this kind of challenge

VLTI/MIDI atlas of disks around low- and intermediate-mass young stellar objects

Context. Protoplanetary disks show large diversity regarding their morphology and dust composition. With mid-infrared interferometry the thermal emission of disks can be spatially resolved, and the distribution and properties of the dust within can be studied. Aims. Our aim is to perform a statistical analysis on a large sample of 82 disks around low- and intermediate-mass young stars, based on mid-infrared interferometric observations. We intend to study the distribution of disk sizes, variability, and the silicate dust mineralogy. Methods. Archival mid-infrared interferometric data from the MIDI instrument on the VLTI are homogeneously reduced and calibrated. Geometric disk models are used to fit the observations to get spatial information about the disks. An automatic spectral decomposition pipeline is applied to analyze the shape of the silicate feature. Results. We present the resulting data products in the form of an atlas, containing N band correlated and total spectra, visibilities, and differential phases. The majority of our data can be well fitted with a continuous disk model, except for a few objects, where a gapped model gives a better match. From the mid-infrared size--luminosity relation we find that disks around T Tauri stars are generally colder and more extended with respect to the stellar luminosity than disks around Herbig Ae stars. We find that in the innermost part of the disks ($r \lesssim 1$~au) the silicate feature is generally weaker than in the outer parts, suggesting that in the inner parts the dust is substantially more processed. We analyze stellar multiplicity and find that in two systems (AB Aur and HD 72106) data suggest a new companion or asymmetric inner disk structure. We make predictions for the observability of our objects with the upcoming MATISSE instrument, supporting the practical preparations of future MATISSE observations of T Tauri stars.Comment: 54 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in A&

A Search for Molecular Gas in the Nucleus of M87 and Implications for the Fueling of Supermassive Black Holes

Supermassive black holes in giant elliptical galaxies are remarkably faint given their expected accretion rates. This motivates models of radiatively inefficient accretion, due to either ion-electron thermal decoupling, generation of outflows that inhibit accretion, or settling of gas to a gravitationally unstable disk that forms stars in preference to feeding the black hole. The latter model predicts the presence of cold molecular gas in a thin disk around the black hole. Here we report Submillimeter Array observations of the nucleus of the giant elliptical galaxy M87 that probe 230 GHz continuum and CO(J=2--1) line emission. Continuum emission is detected from the nucleus and several knots in the jet, including one that has been undergoing flaring behavior. We estimate a conservative upper limit on the mass of molecular gas within ~100pc and +-400km/s line of sight velocity of the central black hole of ~8x10^6Msun, which includes an allowance for possible systematic errors associated with subtraction of the continuum. Ignoring such errors, we have a 3 sigma sensitivity to about 3x10^6Msun. In fact, the continuum-subtracted spectrum shows weak emission features extending up to 4 sigma above the RMS dispersion of the line-free channels. These may be artifacts of the continuum subtraction process. Alternatively, if they are interpreted as CO emission, then the implied molecular gas mass is ~5x10^6Msun spread out over a velocity range of 700km/s. These constraints on molecular gas mass are close to the predictions of the model of self-gravitating, star-forming accretion disks fed by Bondi accretion (Tan & Blackman 2005).Comment: 10 pages, accepted to ApJ Main Journa