Two tribes or more? The historical emergence of discourse coalitions of responsible research and innovation (rri) and Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)

Tracing the historical emergence of academic/policy discourses shines a light on processes of early institutionalisation, informs narratives of contemporary self-identity and provides a resource from which to imagine alternative futures. Contributing to this ambition our paper uses scientometric methods to undertake two socio-semantic analyses. First, we identify the de-facto origins and contemporary clustering of scientists’ discursive spaces of ‘responsibility’. This ‘rri corpus’ reveals seven distinct clusters – or discourse coalitions of responsibility – but shows limited cross-fertilisation between the clusters. Second we trace the emergence of European policy on ‘Responsible Research and Innovation’ (RRI). The ‘RRI corpus’ shows policy to have been dominated by a small number of actors. Some cross-over between rri and RRI provides evidence of discourse coalition building, but only a small group of actors occupy these strategic bridges. The paper offers a contribution to wider debates and strategic reflections on the past, present and futures of responsible innovation

Mettre les choix scientifiques et techniques en débat : l'expérience d'"évaluation technologique interactive" des recherches sur les OGM-vigne à l'INRA

En tant que sources d’innovations, les recherches de l’INRA ont des implications non seulement économiques, mais aussi sociales, politiques et éthiques. Elles peuvent éventuellement apporter des bénéfices mais comportent aussi des risques. Les controverses sur les innovations ont conduit l’INRA à mettre en œuvre des dispositifs qui permettent d’ouvrir la délibération sur l’orientation des programmes de recherche en associant les acteurs concernés de près ou de loin par les applications de ces recherches. C’est dans ce cadre qu’a été initiée en mai 2001 une expérience pilote d’évaluation technologique interactive sur les recherches sur les OGM-vigne.

L’innovation controversée : le débat sur les OGM comme expérimentation collective de nouveaux rapports entre science, marché et démocratie

Christophe Bonneuil, chargé de recherche au CNRS Pierre-Benoît Joly, directeur de recherche à l’INRAClaire Marris, chargée de recherche à l’INRA Compte rendu non communiqué

L’innovation controversée : le débat sur les OGM comme expérimentation collective de nouveaux rapports entre science, marché et démocratie

Christophe Bonneuil, chargé de recherche au CNRSPierre-Benoît Joly, directeur de recherche à l’INRAClaire Marris, chargée de recherche à l’INRA À partir du cas de la controverse publique sur les OGM qui s’est ouverte en France vers 1996, le séminaire a permis d’aborder trois évolutions majeures de ces dernières années : les transformations des modes de production et d’appropriation des connaissances scientifiques ; les mutations des rapports à la science, à l’innovation et au « progrès ». Rom..

The effects of aging of scientists on their publication and citation patterns

The average age at which U.S. researchers get their first grant from NIH has increased from 34.3 in 1970, to 41.7 in 2004. These data raise the crucial question of the effects of aging on the scientific creativity and productivity of researchers. Those who worry about the aging of scientists usually believe that the younger they are the more creative and productive they will be. Using a large population of 13,680 university professors in Quebec, we show that, while scientific productivity rises sharply between 28 and 40, it increases at a slower pace between 41 and 50 and stabilizes afterward until retirement for the most active researchers. The average scientific impact per paper decreases linearly until 50-55 years old, but the average number of papers in highly cited journals and among highly cited papers rises continuously until retirement. Our results clearly show for the first time the natural history of the scientific productivity of scientists over their entire career and bring to light the fact that researchers over 55 still contribute significantly to the scientific community by producing high impact papers.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events