The Concept of Calmness and its Reason at Rumi’s Thought

Welfare and calmness are very important for humans to achieve comprehensive development in different fields, and overcome distress and anxiety. Now it should be noticed that what the real meaning of calmness in life is and how we can achieve it. Therefore, this research is going to explain the concept of calmness and its reason through the inspiration of illuminated thought of Rumi that rooted in education and noble tradition. The results show that Rumi knew calmness as an internal thing not external one, as the origin of beauty exists inside world, not outside of it. Therefore, belief, politeness, family, children, honesty, trust, companionship, contentment, honesty, good imagination, sleep, travel, dance, love and kindness are its most important factors

Comparison of Flexural Strength of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Calcium-enriched Mixture and BioAggregate

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the flexural strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM), and BioAggregate (BA). Methods and Materials: In this study, the flexural strength of materials was measured using a 3-point bend test. After being prepared, MTA, CEM, and BA were inserted into the intra-putty molds using amalgam plugger. The specimens were covered with a sponge wetted with synthetic tissue fluid (STF) and incubated for 96 h. They were then subjected to a 3-point bend test using Universal Testing Machine. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare flexural strength in groups. In this study, P<0.05 was considered as the significant level. Results: There were significant differences between the three groups in terms of the flexural strength (P<0.001). The mean flexural strength in the BA, CEM, and MTA groups were 27.32±2, 9.09±1.16, and 10.25±1.6, respectively. Pairwise comparison showed significant differences between the three groups. Conclusion: This in vitro study showed that BA has the highest and CEM has the lowest flexural strength.Keywords: BioAggregate; CEM Cement; Flexural Strength; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

The Concept of Calmness and its Reason at Rumi’s Thought

Welfare and calmness are very important for humans to achieve comprehensive development in different fields, and overcome distress and anxiety. Now it should be noticed that what the real meaning of calmness in life is and how we can achieve it. Therefore, this research is going to explain the concept of calmness and its reason through the inspiration of illuminated thought of Rumi that rooted in education and noble tradition. The results show that Rumi knew calmness as an internal thing not external one, as the origin of beauty exists inside world, not outside of it. Therefore, belief, politeness, family, children, honesty, trust, companionship, contentment, honesty, good imagination, sleep, travel, dance, love and kindness are its most important factors

Evaluation of cardiovascular and respiratory mortality attributed to atmospheric SO2 and CO using AirQ model

Background: Air pollutants have multiple adverse effects on human health. In this study, the health effects of exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and SO2 in the air of 6 Iranian metropolises in 2011-2012 were examined. Methods: Raw data was collected from the Iranian Department of Environment and the Iran Meteorological Organization. After validation, the required statistical indices were calculated through programming and modifying temperature and pressure in Excel software. The output of Excel was given to the AirQ model, and the results were presented as the cases of death. Results: The annual mean concentrations of SO2 were 2.45, 1.55, 0.6, 0.55, 1.05, and 3.8 times higher than the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) (20 μg/m3) in Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Urmia, respectively. The concentrations of CO did not exceed the standard limit in any of the studied cities. The cumulative numbers of total deaths attributed to SO2 were 744, 122, 132, 44, 37, and 107 in Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Urmia, respectively. The highest mortality rate was found in Urmia at 2.9% followed by Tehran at 1.52%; the lowest rate of 0.46% was found in Tabriz. Conclusion: The results show that of the 6 metropolises, the highest CO mortality rate of about 2.15% belonged to Isfahan followed by Arak with about 1.38%, and the lowest rate of 0.68% belonged to Mashhad. Because of the growing trend of air pollution and its mortality rate and adverse effects, practical solutions for the control and reduction of air pollution in Iranian metropolises are necessary

Removal of catechol from aqueous solutions using catalytic ozonation by magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide doped with silica and titanium dioxide: A kinetic study

Background and purpose: Catechol is a ring form organic compound with high toxicity that is used in petrochemical, pharmaceutical and manufacturing of pesticide. It has adverse effects on human and environmental health if discharged into the environment. The purpose of this study was removal of catechol using catalytic ozonation using core-shell magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide doped with silica and titanium dioxide from aqueous solution. Materials and methods: We conducted a basic-applied study in which magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 was synthesized using sol-gel method. To determine the characteristics of nanoparticle, XRD, SEM and EDX tests were used. Then effect of different parameters on removal efficiency were investigated. These included solution pH (2-10), reaction time (0-60 min), dose of catalyst (0.2-3 gr/L), initial concentration of catechol (50-1000 mg/L), recycled test (7 times), and determining the mineralization and scavenger effect. The residual concentration of catechol was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography at 275 nm. Results: The optimal pH for the catalytic ozonation process was 8. The maximum efficiency of the process in optimal conditions (catechol concentration 1000 mg/l, pH=8, catalyst dosage 3 gr/L and dose of ozone 0.38 gr/hr) was 100 after 60 minutes of contact time. Kinetics of degradation of catechol followed first degree model. After reaction time the amount of mineralization was 91.5. Reusability of catalyst was done 7 times and its efficiency decreased by about 4. Scavenger (1 gr/l tert-butanol) decreased removal of catechol by 4.16. Conclusion: The catalytic ozonation process using Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles in an alkaline pH was found to be capable of eliminating high concentrations of catechol effectively. © 2016, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Estimation of mortality attributed to PM2.5 and CO exposure in eight industrialized cities of Iran during 2011

Background and aims: According to World Health Organization estimations, 3.7 million deaths were attributable to ambient air pollution annually, that shows pollutants associated with high rate of mortality and morbidity. Thus, present study with aim of quantifying and estimating health impacts attributable to two pollutant of PM2.5 and CO in 8 industrial cities of Iran during 2011 by AirQ model were performed. Methods: At first, required data were taken from Department of Environment in understudy cities. With coding in excel, analysis and calculation of statistical parameters was performed for quantifying, and information imported to AirQ model. Finally, results of total mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease were presented in tables and graphs. Results: According to results, with increasing each 10μg/m3 concentration of PM2.5 and 1mg/m3 increasing in CO, risk of mortality increased 1.5 and 0.7 respectively. Cumulative of total mortality attributable to PM2.5 in Isfahan and Shiraz was estimated 585 and 454 cases that this rate is allocated of 5.42 of all deaths in these cities. Sum of cumulative cases of mortality for CO in Isfahan, Tehran and Shiraz estimated 14 (2.15), 24 (0.86 ) and 3 cases (0.69) respectively. Conclusion: The study emphasized that PM2.5 and CO as well as other pollutants have adverse affect on human health. Among 8 under study cities, Ahwaz had lowest mortality attributable to CO and highest mortality attributable to PM2.5, which it can be due to either continuing of days with higher concentration of particulate or higher average of this pollutant in Ahwaz city

Estimation of Short-term Mortality and Morbidity Attributed to Fine Particulate Matter in the Ambient Air of Eight Iranian Cities

Amongst the various pollutants in the air, particulate matters (PM) have significant adverse effects on human health. The current research is based on existing epidemiological literature for quantitative estimation of the current health impacts related to particulate matters in some selected principal Iranian megacities. In order to find the influence of air pollution on human health, we used the AirQ software tool presented by the World Health Organization (WHO) European Centre for Environment and Health (ECEH), Bilthoven Division. The adverse health outcomes used in the study consist of mortality (all causes excluding accidental causes), due to cardiovascular (CVD) and respiratory (RES) diseases, and morbidity (hospital admissions for CVD and RES causes). For this purpose, hourly PM10 data were taken from the monitoring stations in eight study cities during 2011 and 2012. Results showed annual average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in all megacities exceeded national and international air quality standards and even reached levels nearly ten times higher than WHO guidelines in some cities. Considering the short-term effects, PM2.5 had the maximum effects on the health of the 19,048,000 residents of the eight Iranian cities, causing total mortality of 5,670 out of 87,907 during a one-year time-period. Hence, reducing concentrations and controlling air pollution, particularly the presence of particles, is urgent in these metropolises