6,769 research outputs found
ELSA: An Integrated, Semi-Automated Nebular Abundance Package
We present ELSA, a new modular software package, written in C, to analyze and
manage spectroscopic data from emission-line objects. In addition to
calculating plasma diagnostics and abundances from nebular emission lines, the
software provides a number of convenient features including the ability to
ingest logs produced by IRAF's splot task, to semi-automatically merge spectra
in different wavelength ranges, and to automatically generate various data
tables in machine-readable or LaTeX format. ELSA features a highly
sophisticated interstellar reddening correction scheme that takes into account
temperature and density effects as well as He II contamination of the hydrogen
Balmer lines. Abundance calculations are performed using a 5-level atom
approximation with recent atomic data, based on R. Henry's ABUN program.
Improvements planned in the near future include use of a three-region
ionization model, similar to IRAF's nebular package, error propagation, and the
addition of ultraviolet and infrared line analysis capability. Detailed
documentation for all aspects of ELSA are available at
http://www.williams.edu/Astronomy/research/PN .Comment: 2 pages, contributed paper, IAU Symp. 234, Planetary Nebulae in Our
Galaxy and Beyon
A Super-Earth Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like Star HD 1461
We present precision radial velocity data that reveal a Super-Earth mass
planet and two probable additional planets orbiting the bright nearby G0V star
HD 1461. Our 12.8 years of Keck HIRES precision radial velocities indicate the
presence of a 7.4M_Earth planet on a 5.77-day orbit. The data also suggest, but
cannot yet confirm, the presence of outer planets on low-eccentricity orbits
with periods of 446.1 and 5017 days, and projected masses (M sin i) of 27.9 and
87.1M_Earth, respectively. Test integrations of systems consistent with the
radial velocity data suggest that the configuration is dynamically stable. We
present a 12.2-year time series of photometric observations of HD 1461, which
comprise 799 individual measurements, and indicate that it has excellent
long-term photometric stability. However, there are small amplitude variations
with periods comparable to those of the suspected 2nd and 3rd signals in the
radial velocities near 5000 and 446 days, thus casting some suspicion on those
periodicities as Keplerian signals. If the 5.77-day companion has a
Neptune-like composition, then its expected transit depth is of order ~0.5
millimags. The geometric a priori probability of transits is ~8%. Phase-folding
of the ground-based photometry shows no indication that transits of the
5.77-day companion are occurring, but high-precision follow-up of HD 1461
during upcoming transit phase windows will be required to definitively rule out
or confirm transits. This new system joins a growing list of solar-type stars
in the immediate galactic neighborhood that are accompanied by at least one
Neptune- (or lower) mass planets having orbital periods of 50 days or less.Comment: 33 pages, 7 figure
Revealing the Young Starburst in Haro 3 with Radio and Infrared Imaging
The Wolf-Rayet galaxy Haro 3 (Mrk 35, NGC 3353) was observed at the near-IR
and radio wavelengths as part of ongoing program to study the earliest stages
of starbursts. These observations confirm that the current episode of star
formation is dominated by a single region (region A). While there are knots of
recent (~10 Myr) star formation outside of region A, the sources of ionizing
radiation as observed in both radio and Br-gamma observations are almost
exclusively associated with region A. The derived ionizing flux implies a star
formation rate of ~0.6 solar masses per year localized within a radius of ~0.1
kpc. A comparison with observations from HST indicates that one or more of the
star clusters in region A are optically obscured. The star clusters in region A
have ages at least as young as ~5 Myr, and possibly as young as ~0.1 Myr. The
star cluster that appears to be the youngest also exhibits a near-IR excess in
its colors, possibly indicating natal dust in very close proximity to the
ionizing stars. The difference between optical- and radio-determined ionizing
fluxes as well as the near-IR colors indicate an average extinction value of
A_V ~2.5 in region A. The total stellar mass associated with the current
starburst in region A is inferred from both the near-IR and radio observations
to be ~10^6 solar masses. The other main stellar concentrations observed in the
near-IR (Regions B1 and B2) are somewhat older than region A, with ages ~8-10
Myr, and the near-IR observations indicate they have stellar masses of ~8x10^4
and ~2x10^4 solar masses, respectively.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, to appear in AJ August 200
When You And I Were Young, Maggie.
https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/2704/thumbnail.jp
Repetitive Segmental Structure of the Transducin β Subunit: Homology with the CDC4 Gene and Identification of Related mRNAs
Retinal transducin, a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (referred to as a G protein) that activates a cGMP phosphodiesterase in photoreceptor cells, is comprised of three subunits. We have identified and analyzed cDNA clones of the bovine transducin β subunit that may be highly conserved or identical to that in other G proteins. From the cDNA nucleotide sequence of the entire coding region, the primary structure of a 340-amino acid protein was deduced. The encoded β subunit has a Mr of 37,375 and is comprised of repetitive homologous segments arranged in tandem. Furthermore, significant homology in primary structure and segmental sequence exists between the β subunit and the yeast CDC4 gene product. The Mr 37,375 β subunit polypeptide is encoded by a 2.9-kilobase (kb) mRNA. However, there exists in retina other β-related mRNAs that are divergent from the 2.9-kb mRNA on the basis of oligonucleotide and primer-extended probe hybridizations. All mammalian tissues and clonal cell lines that have been examined contain at least two β-related mRNAs, usually 1.8 and 2.9 kb in length. These results suggest that the mRNAs are the processed products of a small number of closely related genes or of a single highly complex β gene
Distribution and Population Characteristics of Lower Walleye in the Eleven Point River, Arkansas
Walleye Sander vitreus (Mitchill) distributions and ecology have been poorly studied in southern river basins. We studied the longitudinal distribution and population characteristics of walleye in an unregulated river within the Ozark region of the U.S., the lower Eleven Point River, Arkansas, which has high species diversity. Walleye were collected in a 60 km segment of the river by daytime boat electrofishing over a three year period (2002-2004). Catch rates, growth rates and size structure were high relative to other streams studied in North America. Catch per effort ( = 5.2/h) was similar seasonally, spatially and among years. Proportional stock structures were quite high ( = 80), with numerous fish collected over 600 mm total length, 4 kg in mass and greater than 10 years of age. Relative weights of all length groups (stock size, proportional size structure, relative size structure) were at or greater than 90. Stomach contents of walleye were more suggestive of a generalist strategy in a stream of high species diversity, as compared to the targeting of a single numerically dominant prey, which is common in lentic systems
Alpha Element Abundances in a Large Sample of Galactic Planetary Nebulae
We present emission line strengths, abundances, and element ratios (X/O for
Ne, S, Cl, and Ar) for a sample of 38 Galactic disk planetary nebulae (PNe)
consisting primarily of Peimbert classification Type I. Spectrophotometry for
these PNe incorporates an extended optical/near-IR range of 3600-9600 angstroms
including the [S III] lines at 9069 and 9532. We have utilized Emission Line
Spectrum Analyzer, a five-level atom abundance routine, to determine T_e, N_e,
ionization correction factors, and total element abundances. With a compilation
of data from >120 Milky Way PNe, we present results from our most recent
analysis of abundance patterns in Galactic disk PNe. We have examined the alpha
elements against H II regions and blue compact galaxies (H2BCG) to discern
signatures of depletion or enhancement in PNe progenitor stars, particularly
the destruction or production of O and Ne. We present evidence that many PNe
have higher Ne/O and lower Ar/Ne ratios compared to H2BCGs within the range of
8.5-9.0 for 12 + log(O/H). This suggests that Ne is being synthesized in the
low- and intermediate-mass progenitors. Sulfur abundances in PNe continue to
show great scatter and are systematically lower than those found in H2BCG at a
given metallicity. Although we find that PNe do show some distinction in alpha
elements when compared to H2BCG, within the Peimbert classification types
studied, PNe do not show significant differences in alpha elements amongst
themselves, at least to an extent that would distinguish in situ
nucleosynthesis from the observed dispersion in abundance ratios.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures, 7 tables (note: tables 2-5 are available online
only in machine-readable form
A New Look at Adaptive Body Coloration and Color Change in "Common Green Lacewings” of the Genus Chrysoperla (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Green lacewings in the genus Chrysoperla are not always green. They can be yellow (autosomal recessive mutant); change from whitish-yellow to green as young adults; or temporarily turn yellowish, reddish, or brown during diapause. New findings on a yellow mutant in a natural population in southern California and on species-specific diapause coloration are presented, old findings are reviewed, and the adaptive value of color variability and color change in the genus is discusse
- …