An Investigation of Selected Strength Test Results as Related to Weight Changes on High School Varsity Wrestlers

The pumose of this Investigation was to relate selected strength tests to weight changes of high school varsity vrestiers during the competitive season and after termination of wrestling tralnin • Si, Jit i.l(m school varsity wrestlers were used as subjects. The subjects were tested Just before the wrestling season began, twice during the season, and once following tLo ter si nation of the wrestling season* The strength teats used were the hack lift, leg lift, elbow flexion, and the shoulder bar dip* The back lift and leg lift were tested with the dynamometer* \u27■\u27I’-ovv flexion was tested by us© of a cable tensiometer, fhe shoulder strength worn tested by dips on the parallel bars. All rm scores vmro converted Into ffnit strength, which was accomplished by dividing the recorded raw strength score in ounds by the weight of the individual subject* It was found that Unit Strength of high school wrestlers does significantly Increase during tie competitive season. After four weeks of wrestling trainin,;; the elbow flexor, and shoulders showed a significant increase 1 ;■ Unit -itrenatb* *fter ten »wto of wrestling-training all miacle. groups showed a significant increase In Unit strength except the right olbow flexors. Comparing the post.soaeon tests wit;, the pre-season tests, significant increases in Unit Strength were evident in all except the shoulder bar dip* The. shoulder rusnles had Increased significantly in.Unit Strength after four and ten weeks of wrestling training* unit Strength scores were highest on the post-season tests, but when compared with weight gain, the strength increases, after the termination of wrestling conditioning and activity, were found to be in a 1 ;nif leant, On the basis of the findings of this study, it was concluded that significant Unit strength increases wore evident for each muscle group teated during the oo lootitive wrestling season. It was ala-; concluded that when accompanied by adequate physical conditioning, strength gain is mot dependent upon weight changes within moderate limits* Another conclusion was that a high school wrestler Can increase strength pound for pound when allowed to maintain actual normal weight, or If allowed to -nin moderately within limits imposed by ’rmesota High school regular ions* The final conclusion was that a coach has no justification in cutting the weight of a maturing boy unless it cun be proven that normal growth and development are not .t;inhered

Compact antenna range techniques

Issued as Efforts reports 1-12, Monthly status report 1-12 and Final of Project no. A-82

Put That in Your Pipe and Smoke It. : Documenting the Vernacular Structures of a Historic Flue-Curing Tobacco Farming Practice

Historic flue-curing tobacco barns in rural North Carolina are rapidly disappearing from the landscape and falling victim to demolition by neglect, as well as urban and suburban growth. Currently, the preservation of these structures remains in the hands of farmers or landowners, and few are being saved. This thesis fosters an awareness for the importance of flue-curing tobacco barns, demonstrates the receptivity of various public outreach platforms, and summarizes the creation of a tobacco barn survey and website devoted to the documentation of flue-curing tobacco barns in North Carolina. Data was gathered through a survey examining location, materials, photographs, and condition of the tobacco barns. The website is crowd-sourced, receiving data and input from individuals in Piedmont North Carolina, and information is continuously updated allowing for real time management. Tobacco barn documentation is important, as each barn holds a unique history in the expansion and development of agriculture in the United States, as well as vestiges of time honored traditions and practices no longer used. Results from this thesis give insight to the structural survival of tobacco barns on the landscape, and the lack of interest towards preserving these structures

A grammar-based technique for genetic search and optimization

The genetic algorithm (GA) is a robust search technique which has been theoretically and empirically proven to provide efficient search for a variety of problems. Due largely to the semantic and expressive limitations of adopting a bitstring representation, however, the traditional GA has not found wide acceptance in the Artificial Intelligence community. In addition, binary chromosones can unevenly weight genetic search, reduce the effectiveness of recombination operators, make it difficult to solve problems whose solution schemata are of high order and defining length, and hinder new schema discovery in cases where chromosome-wide changes are required.;The research presented in this dissertation describes a grammar-based approach to genetic algorithms. Under this new paradigm, all members of the population are strings produced by a problem-specific grammar. Since any structure which can be expressed in Backus-Naur Form can thus be manipulated by genetic operators, a grammar-based GA strategy provides a consistent methodology for handling any population structure expressible in terms of a context-free grammar.;In order to lend theoretical support to the development of the syntactic GA, the concept of a trace schema--a similarity template for matching the derivation traces of grammar-defined rules--was introduced. An analysis of the manner in which a grammar-based GA operates yielded a Trace Schema Theorem for rule processing, which states that above-average trace schemata containing relatively few non-terminal productions are sampled with increasing frequency by syntactic genetic search. Schemata thus serve as the building blocks in the construction of the complex rule structures manipulated by syntactic GAs.;As part of the research presented in this dissertation, the GEnetic Rule Discovery System (GERDS) implementation of the grammar-based GA was developed. A comparison between the performance of GERDS and the traditional GA showed that the class of problems solvable by a syntactic GA is a superset of the class solvable by its binary counterpart, and that the added expressiveness greatly facilitates the representation of GA problems. to strengthen that conclusion, several experiments encompassing diverse domains were performed with favorable results

Intensive Archaeological Survey of the RM 1431 Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge Entrance Improvements Project

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Central Federal Lands Highway Division (CFLHD) has contracted HDR Engineering, Inc. (HDR) to conduct an intensive archaeological survey of the project area for the proposed improvements to the entrance to the Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge located on Ranch-to-Market (RM) Road 1431 in Travis County, Texas (Figure 1-1). The survey was initiated due to the inadvertent discovery of a possible burned rock midden site within the project area during vegetation clearing. Upon consultation with the FHWA CFLHD and the Texas Historical Commission (THC), HDR was granted a permit for the archaeological survey of the project area and further investigation into the possible midden site. The project improvements include the construction of left-hand and right-hand turn lanes to enter the refuge, widening of the existing roadway to accommodate the turn lanes, installation of striping and signage, and construction of 3-foot-wide shoulders and roadside ditches. Because the project is funded by a federal agency and is located on land owned by the Texas Department of Transportation, the proposed improvements are required to be in compliance with Section 404 as per 33 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 325, Appendix C and 36 CFR 800, as well as Chapter 191 of the Texas Natural Resources Code, also known as the Antiquities Code of Texas (13 TAC 26.12). The Area of Potential Effects (APE) for this project is approximately 0.4 mile (0.64 kilometer [km]) long and 6.3 acres (2.5 hectares) in area along RM 1431. The purpose of the archaeological investigation is to determine the presence/absence of archaeological resources within the APE and to evaluate identified resources for their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or as a designated State Antiquities Landmark (SAL) under the Antiquities Code of Texas (13 TAC 26.12). The work was conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit Number 8355. The survey was led by principal investigator Clayton Tinsley and project archaeologist Melanie Johnson on March 1–2, 2018, and resulted in a total of 24 person-hours. During the archaeological survey of the APE, a total of five shovel tests and one 1 × 1 meter (m) unit were excavated. One archaeological site was identified, site 41TV2553. Site 41TV2553 consists of an Archaic burned rock midden approximately 0.03 acres in area on top of a ridge overlooking Cow Creek to the south. Based on the results of the archaeological survey and phone consultation with the THC on March 5, 2018, the site is recommended eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D. Because of its integrity and size, site 41TV2553 has the potential to add to our knowledge about life in central Texas during the Archaic period. This site is also recommended for consideration as an SAL. HDR recommends avoidance of site 41TV2553 during construction of the proposed roadway improvements, if changes to the original project design allow. In addition, HDR recommends cultural resources monitoring during construction near the western border of the site

The Identification of Extreme Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars and Red Supergiants in M33 by 24 {\mu}m Variability

We present the first detection of 24 {\mu}m variability in 24 sources in the Local Group galaxy M33. These results are based on 4 epochs of MIPS observations, which are irregularly spaced over ~750 days. We find that these sources are constrained exclusively to the Holmberg radius of the galaxy, which increases their chances of being members of M33. We have constructed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) ranging from the optical to the sub-mm to investigate the nature of these objects. We find that 23 of our objects are most likely heavily self-obscured, evolved stars; while the remaining source is the Giant HII region, NGC 604. We believe that the observed variability is the intrinsic variability of the central star reprocessed through their circumstellar dust shells. Radiative transfer modeling was carried out to determine their likely chemical composition, luminosity, and dust production rate (DPR). As a sample, our modeling has determined an average luminosity of (3.8 $\pm$ 0.9) x 10$^4$ L$_\odot$ and a total DPR of (2.3 $\pm$ 0.1) x 10$^{-5}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. Most of the sources, given the high DPRs and short wavelength obscuration, are likely "extreme" AGB (XAGB) stars. Five of the sources are found to have luminosities above the classical AGB limit (M$_{\rm bol}$ 54,000 L$_\odot$), which classifies them as probably red supergiants (RSGs). Almost all of the sources are classified as oxygen rich. As also seen in the LMC, a significant fraction of the dust in M33 is produced by a handful of XAGB and RSG stars.Comment: 36 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in A

Everyone should be able to choose how they get around : How Topeka, Kansas, passed a complete streets resolution

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity can help prevent chronic diseases, yet only half of US adults meet national physical activity guidelines. One barrier to physical activity is a lack of safe places to be active, such as bike paths and sidewalks. Complete Streets, streets designed to enable safe access for all users, can help provide safe places for activity. COMMUNITY CONTEXT: This community case study presents results from interviews with residents and policymakers of Topeka, Kansas, who played an integral role in the passage of a Complete Streets resolution in 2009. It describes community engagement processes used to include stakeholders, assess existing roads and sidewalks, and communicate with the public and decision-makers. METHODS: Key informant interviews were conducted with city council members and members of Heartland Healthy Neighborhoods in Topeka to learn how they introduced a Complete Streets resolution and the steps they took to ensure its successful passage in the City Council. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by using focused-coding qualitative analysis. OUTCOME: Results included lessons learned from the process of passing the Complete Streets resolution and advice from participants for other communities interested in creating Complete Streets in their communities. INTERPRETATION: Lessons learned can apply to other communities pursuing Complete Streets. Examples include clearly defining Complete Streets; educating the public, advocates, and decision-makers about Complete Streets and how this program enhances a community; building a strong and diverse network of supporters; and using stories and examples from other communities with Complete Streets to build a convincing case

Biology, ecology, and evolution of chewing lice

Book ChapterChewing lice are small, dorsoventrally compressed insects and are parasites of virtually all birds (Fig. 1) and some mammals (Fig. 2). Many chewing lice are host specific, being found on only a single species of host. All chewing lice are permanent ectoparasites and complete their entire life cycle on the body of the host, where they feed mainly on feathers, dead skin, blood, or secretions. Chewing lice on mammals apparently do not ingest hair, rather they feed on skin and skin products (Waterhouse 1953). Some species of lice feed on the eggs and molting stages of mites and other lice, including members of their own species (Nelson and Murray 1971). Lice also ingest microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, which are of unknown nutritive value

Molecular phylogeny of the dove genera Streptopelia and Columba

Journal ArticleEvolutionary history of the dove genus Streptopelia has not been examined with rigorous phylogenetic methods. We present a study of phylogenetic relationships of Streptopelia based on over 3,600 base pairs of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences