A class of well-posed parabolic final value problems

This paper focuses on parabolic final value problems, and well-posedness is proved for a large class of these. The clarification is obtained from Hilbert spaces that characterise data that give existence, uniqueness and stability of the solutions. The data space is the graph normed domain of an unbounded operator that maps final states to the corresponding initial states. It induces a new compatibility condition, depending crucially on the fact that analytic semigroups always are invertible in the class of closed operators. Lax--Milgram operators in vector distribution spaces constitute the main framework. The final value heat conduction problem on a smooth open set is also proved to be well posed, and non-zero Dirichlet data are shown to require an extended compatibility condition obtained by adding an improper Bochner integral.Comment: 16 pages. To appear in "Applied and numerical harmonic analysis"; a reference update. Conference contribution, based on arXiv:1707.02136, with some further development

Spin-dynamic field coupling in strongly THz driven semiconductors : local inversion symmetry breaking

We study theoretically the optics in undoped direct gap semiconductors which are strongly driven in the THz regime. We calculate the optical sideband generation due to nonlinear mixing of the THz field and the near infrared probe. Starting with an inversion symmetric microscopic Hamiltonian we include the THz field nonperturbatively using non-equilibrium Green function techniques. We find that a self induced relativistic spin-THz field coupling locally breaks the inversion symmetry, resulting in the formation of odd sidebands which otherwise are absent.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

A Systematic Review of Evidence for the Clubhouse Model of Psychosocial Rehabilitation

The Clubhouse Model has been in existence for over sixty-five years; however, a review that synthesizes the literature on the model is needed. The current study makes use of the existing research to conduct a systematic review of articles providing a comprehensive understanding of what is known about the Clubhouse Model, to identify the best evidence available, as well as areas that would benefit from further study. Findings are summarized and evidence is classified by outcome domains. Fifty-two articles met the selection criteria of Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT\u27s), quasi-experimental studies, or observational studies for domains of employment (N = 29); quality of life/satisfaction (N = 10); reductions in psychiatric hospitalization(s) (N = 10); social relationships (N = 10); education (N = 3); and health promotion activities (N = 2). RCT results support the efficacy of the Clubhouse Model in promoting employment, reducing hospitalization(s), and improving quality of life. Quasi-experimental and observational studies offer support in education and social domains. The findings from this review indicate that Clubhouses are a promising practice but additional studies using rigorous methods that report the strength of the outcomes are needed to evaluate Clubhouse programs with fidelity to the Clubhouse Model

Biological mechanisms underlying inter‐individual variation in factor VIII clearance in haemophilia

Previous studies have highlighted marked inter‐individual variations in factor VIII (FVIII) clearance between patients with haemophilia (PWH). The half‐life of infused FVIII has been reported to vary from as little as 5.3 hours in some adult PWH, up to as long as 28.8 hours in other individuals. These differences in clearance kinetics have been consistently observed using a number of different plasma‐derived and recombinant FVIII products. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that half‐life for extended half‐life (EHL‐) FVIII products also demonstrates significant inter‐patient variation. Since time spent with FVIII trough levels <1% has been shown to be associated with increased bleeding risk in PWH on prophylaxis therapy, this variability in FVIII clearance clearly has major clinical significance. Recent studies have provided significant novel insights into the cellular basis underlying FVIII clearance pathways. In addition, accumulating data have shown that endogenous plasma VWF levels, ABO blood group and age, all play important roles in regulating FVIII half‐life in PWH. Indeed, multiple regression analysis suggests that together these factors account for approximately 34% of the total inter‐individual variation in FVIII clearance observed between subjects with severe haemophilia A. In this review, we consider these and other putative modulators of FVIII half‐life, and discuss the biological mechanisms through which these factors impact upon FVIII clearance in vivo.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156160/2/hae14078.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156160/1/hae14078_am.pd

Excitonic Dynamical Franz-Keldysh Effect

The Dynamical Franz-Keldysh Effect is exposed by exploring near-bandgap absorption in the presence of intense THz electric fields. It bridges the gap between the DC Franz- Keldysh effect and multi-photon absorption and competes with the THz AC Stark Effect in shifting the energy of the excitonic resonance. A theoretical model which includes the strong THz field non-perturbatively via a non-equilibrium Green Functions technique is able to describe the Dynamical Franz-Keldysh Effect in the presence of excitonic absorption.Comment: 4 pages in revtex with 5 figures included using epsf. Submitted to Physical Review Letter

Quasienergy Spectroscopy of Excitons

We theoretically study nonlinear optics of excitons under intense THz irradiation. In particular, the linear near infrared absorption and resonantly enhanced nonlinear sideband generation are described. We predict a rich structure in the spectra which can be interpreted in terms of the quasienergy spectrum of the exciton, via a remarkably transparent expression for the susceptibility, and show that the effects of strongly avoided quasienergy crossings manifest themselves directly, both in the absorption and transmitted sidebands.Comment: 4 pages RevTex, 3 eps figs included, as publishe

Estimation of cold plasma outflow during geomagnetic storms

Low-energy ions of ionospheric origin constitute a significant contributor to the magnetospheric plasma population. Measuring cold ions is difficult though. Observations have to be done at sufficiently high altitudes and typically in regions of space where spacecraft attain a positive charge due to solar illumination. Cold ions are therefore shielded from the satellite particle detectors. Furthermore, spacecraft can only cover key regions of ion outflow during segments of their orbit, so additional complications arise if continuous longtime observations, such as during a geomagnetic storm, are needed. In this paper we suggest a new approach, based on a combination of synoptic observations and a novel technique to estimate the flux and total outflow during the various phases of geomagnetic storms. Our results indicate large variations in both outflow rates and transport throughout the storm. Prior to the storm main phase, outflow rates are moderate, and the cold ions are mainly emanating from moderately sized polar cap regions. Throughout the main phase of the storm, outflow rates increase and the polar cap source regions expand. Furthermore, faster transport, resulting from enhanced convection, leads to a much larger supply of cold ions to the near-Earth region during geomagnetic storms. ©2015. The Authors