FIRST NATIONS EDUCATION AND RENTIER ECONOMICS: PARALLELS WITH THE GULF STATES

In this article, I draw parallels between the Arab countries of the Gulf region and Canadaʹs First Nations, focusing on how dependence on unearned income may be linked to educational underachievement. The rentier dynamics in the Gulf region has weakened ties between state and society, constructing one‐way patronage flows without benefit or need for significant social consent. Despite vast investments in human capital, educational outcomes in the Gulf have fallen far short of expectations. Within a similarly structured rent seeking milieu on First Nations reserves, I explore the possibility that educational underachievement may be linked to a rentier mentality, characterized by a disjunction between educational effort and probable reward. Key words: economics of education, Aboriginal education, education and development, comparative education Dans cet article, l’auteur établit des parallèles entre les pays arabes de la région du Golfe et les Premières nations du Canada en soulignant comment la dépendance à l’égard d’un revenu non gagné peut être lié à la sous‐performance scolaire. La dynamique de rentier dans la région du Golfe affaiblit les liens entre l’État et la société et encourage le favoritisme sans que la société n’en profite ou n’ait vraiment son mot à dire. En dépit d’investissements importants dans le capital humain, les résultats scolaires dans la région du Golfe restent en deçà des attentes. Faisant le parallèle avec la structure même des réserves des Premières nations, l’auteur se demande si la sous‐ performance scolaire n’est pas liée à une mentalité de rentier, caractérisée par une absence de relation entre les efforts à faire en éducation et la récompense probable. Mots clés: économie de l’éducation, éducation et autochtones, éducation et développement, éducation comparée

Is Decolonization the Answer to Indigenous Under-achievement? Comparing Rhetoric with Reality in New Zealand and Canada

The paper compares the rhetoric of decolonization put forth by indigenous scholars with the reality of educational outcomes in New Zealand and Canada and discusses the implications of two common themes emerging from the discourse: (1) cultural determinism in which both First Nations and Maori scholars fundamentally but narrowly depict education as a means to conserve language and cultural heritage -- which results, intentionally or unintentionally, in (2) a hardening of racial/ethnic boundaries. The paper critiques the appropriateness of both themes in the context of the widely accepted notion that indigenous peoples in both countries need to attain higher levels of educational attainment and improve educational performance in order to compete in a knowledge-based, global economy. L\u27article compare la rhétorique de décolonisation avancée par les érudits autochtones avec la réalité des résultats de l\u27enseignement en Nouvelle-Zélande et au Canada et discute la portée des deux thèmes communs qui émergent des discours: (1) un déterminisme culturel dans lequel les érudits des Premières Nations et du peuple Maori représentent l\u27éducation de façon fondamentale mais étroite, comme le moyen de préserver l\u27héritage linguistique et culturel -- dont les résultats volontaires ou involontaires, amènent à (2) un durcissement des frontières raciales ou ethniques. L\u27article critique la justesse des deux thèmes dans le contexte de la notion généralement acceptée que les peuples autochtones dans ces deux pays ont besoin d\u27atteindre un niveau d\u27éducation plus élevé et d\u27améliorer leurs accomplissements académiques pour pouvoir compéter dans une économie globale et basée sur la connaissance

Aerosol and Cloud Microphysical Characteristics of Rifts and Gradients in Maritime Stratocumulus Clouds

A cloud rift is characterized as a large-scale, persistent area of broken, low-reflectivity stratocumulus clouds usually surrounded by a solid deck of stratocumulus. A rift observed off the coast of California was investigated using an instrumented aircraft to compare the aerosol, cloud microphysical, and thermodynamic properties in the rift with those of the surrounding solid stratocumulus deck. The microphysical characteristics in the solid stratocumulus deck differ substantially from those of a broken, cellular rift where cloud droplet concentrations are a factor of 2 lower than those in the solid cloud. Furthermore, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations were found to be about 3 times greater in the solid-cloud area compared with those in the rift. Although drizzle was observed near cloud top in parts of the solid stratocumulus cloud, the largest drizzle rates were associated with the broken clouds within the rift area and with extremely large effective droplet sizes retrieved from satellite data. Minimal thermodynamic differences between the rift and solid cloud deck were observed. In addition to marked differences in particle concentrations, evidence of a mesoscale circulation near the solid cloud–rift boundary is presented. This mesoscale circulation may provide a mechanism for maintaining a rift, but further study is required to understand the initiation of a rift and the conditions that may cause it to fill. A review of results from previous studies indicates similar microphysical characteristics in rift features sampled serendipitously. These observations indicate that cloud rifts are depleted of aerosols through the cleansing associated with drizzle and are a manifestation of natural processes occurring in marine stratocumulus

Where is the best site on Earth? Domes A, B, C and F, and Ridges A and B

The Antarctic plateau contains the best sites on earth for many forms of astronomy, but none of the existing bases was selected with astronomy as the primary motivation. In this article, we try to systematically compare the merits of potential observatory sites.We include South Pole, Domes A, C, and F, and also Ridge B (running northeast from Dome A), and what we call "Ridge A" (running southwest from Dome A). Our analysis combines satellite data, published results, and atmospheric models, to compare the boundary layer, weather, aurorae, airglow, precipitable water vapor, thermal sky emission, surface temperature, and the free atmosphere, at each site. We find that all Antarctic sites are likely to be compromised for optical work by airglow and aurorae. Of the sites with existing bases, Dome A is easily the best overall; but we find that Ridge A offers an even better site. We also find that Dome F is a remarkably good site. Dome C is less good as a thermal infrared or terahertz site, but would be able to take advantage of a predicted "OH hole" over Antarctica during spring.Comment: Revised version. 16 pages, 21 figures (22 in first version). Submitted to PASP 16/05/09, accepted 13/07/09; published 20/08/0

Interpersonal trauma and its relation to childhood psychopathic traits : what does ADHD and ODD add to the equation?

Acknowledgements Thank you to the parents and young people who participated in the CATSS-9 studies.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Aerosol and Cloud Microphysical Characteristics of Rifts and Gradients in Maritime Stratocumulus Clouds

A cloud rift is characterized as a large-scale, persistent area of broken, low reflectivity stratocumulus clouds usually surrounded by a solid deck of stratocumulus. A rift observed off the coast of Monterey Bay, California on 16 July 1999 was studied to compare the aerosol and cloud microphysical properties in the rift with those of the surrounding solid stratus deck. Variables measured from an instrumented aircraft included temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water. These measurements characterized the thermodynamic properties of the solid deck and rift areas. Microphysical measurements made included aerosol, cloud drop and drizzle drop concentrations and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. The microphysical characteristics in a solid stratus deck differ substantially from those of a broken, cellular rift where cloud droplet concentrations are a factor of 2 lower than those in the solid cloud. Further, CCN concentrations were found to be about 3 times greater in the solid cloud area compared with those in the rift and aerosol concentrations showed a similar difference as well. Although drizzle was observed near cloud top in parts of the solid stratus cloud, the largest drizzle rates were associated with the broken clouds within the rift area. In addition to marked differences in particle concentrations, evidence of a mesoscale circulation near the solid cloud rift boundary is presented. This mesoscale circulation provides a mechanism for maintaining a rift, but further study is required to understand the initiation of a rift and the conditions that may cause it to fill

Visualisation of the distribution of minerals in red non-tannin finger millet using PIXE microanalysis

No abstract.http://http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jcshb201

Correction to : Trial of healthy relationship initiatives for the very early years (THRIVE), evaluating Enhanced Triple P for Baby and Mellow Bumps for those with additional social and care needs during pregnancy and their infants who are at higher risk of maltreatment: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (Trials (2019) 20 (499) DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3571-5)

Following publication of the original article [1], it has been brought to our attention that an error was slipped into the article's title. Initially published title: Trial of healthy relationship initiatives for the very early years (THRIVE), evaluating Enhanced Triple P for Baby and Mellow Bumps additional social and care needs during pregnancy and their infants who are at higher risk of maltreatment: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Corrected title: Trial of healthy relationship initiatives for the very early years (THRIVE), evaluating Enhanced Triple P for Baby and Mellow Bumps for those with additional social and care needs during pregnancy and their infants who are at higher risk of maltreatment: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial