How Do Elementary Teachers Study and Learn from a Multimedia Model of Reading Development? An Exploratory Eye-Tracking Study

This exploratory study used eye-tracking methodology to examine how elementary teachers study a multimedia model of reading development. Seven experienced teachers and 11 pre-service teachers participated. Visual attention, prior knowledge, and post-task scores were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Significant differences between the two groups were found with respect to fixations, scan paths, and pre- and post-task scores. Where experienced teachers focus their attention and the paths of their visual behaviour can inform the design of material that supports novice teachers’ understanding of how children learn to read. Keywords: teacher learning, multimedia learning, eye-tracking methodology, reading development, reading instructionCette étude exploratoire a utilisé une méthodologie de suivi du regard pour examiner comment les enseignants du primaire étudient un modèle multimédia de développement de la lecture. Sept enseignants expérimentés et 11 enseignants débutants ont participé. L’attention visuelle, les connaissances préalables et les résultats postérieurs à la tâche ont été analysés à l’aide de méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives. Des différences significatives entre les deux groupes ont été constatées en ce qui concerne les fixations, les chemins d’analyse et les résultats avant et après la tâche. Là où des enseignants expérimentés concentrent leur attention ou leur regarde peuvent influencer le développement des matériaux pour aider les enseignants débutants à mieux comprendre comment les enfants apprennent à lire. Mots-clés : apprentissage de l’enseignant, modèle multimedia, attention visuelle, développement de la lecture, instruction de la lectur

Is there scope for cost savings and efficiency gains in HIV services? A systematic review of the evidence from low- and middle-income countries.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the data available--on costs, efficiency and economies of scale and scope--for the six basic programmes of the UNAIDS Strategic Investment Framework, to inform those planning the scale-up of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: The relevant peer-reviewed and "grey" literature from low- and middle-income countries was systematically reviewed. Search and analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. FINDINGS: Of the 82 empirical costing and efficiency studies identified, nine provided data on economies of scale. Scale explained much of the variation in the costs of several HIV services, particularly those of targeted HIV prevention for key populations and HIV testing and treatment. There is some evidence of economies of scope from integrating HIV counselling and testing services with several other services. Cost efficiency may also be improved by reducing input prices, task shifting and improving client adherence. CONCLUSION: HIV programmes need to optimize the scale of service provision to achieve efficiency. Interventions that may enhance the potential for economies of scale include intensifying demand-creation activities, reducing the costs for service users, expanding existing programmes rather than creating new structures, and reducing attrition of existing service users. Models for integrated service delivery--which is, potentially, more efficient than the implementation of stand-alone services--should be investigated further. Further experimental evidence is required to understand how to best achieve efficiency gains in HIV programmes and assess the cost-effectiveness of each service-delivery model

Population Health Solutions for Assessing Cognitive Impairment in Geriatric Patients.

In December 2017, the National Academy of Neuropsychology convened an interorganizational Summit on Population Health Solutions for Assessing Cognitive Impairment in Geriatric Patients in Denver, Colorado. The Summit brought together representatives of a broad range of stakeholders invested in the care of older adults to focus on the topic of cognitive health and aging. Summit participants specifically examined questions of who should be screened for cognitive impairment and how they should be screened in medical settings. This is important in the context of an acute illness given that the presence of cognitive impairment can have significant implications for care and for the management of concomitant diseases as well as pose a major risk factor for dementia. Participants arrived at general principles to guide future screening approaches in medical populations and identified knowledge gaps to direct future research. Key learning points of the summit included: recognizing the importance of educating patients and healthcare providers about the value of assessing current and baseline cognition;emphasizing that any screening tool must be appropriately normalized and validated in the population in which it is used to obtain accurate information, including considerations of language, cultural factors, and education; andrecognizing the great potential, with appropriate caveats, of electronic health records to augment cognitive screening and tracking of changes in cognitive health over time

A century of fine cotton spinning /

Mode of access: Internet

Western characters.

Mode of access: Internet

Technical Competenceand Job SatisfactionAmong EngineeringProfession

Developing the technical competence and job satisfaction of engineers in a manufacturing firm is clearly a critical component of the firm’s competitive edge. This study looks at these aspects of an engineer’s work life and career along with the issue of development of technical competence. This study of 20 manufacturing engineers and 20 design engineers from a full range of low to high technology companies endeavors to link job satisfaction with technical competence. A number of related issues are investigated and in the end much of the statistically significant results came from these peripheral areas