Counseling and Family Therapy Graduate Programs at La Salle University, 1979-2014: A 35 Year History

La Salle\u27s Counseling and Family Therapy Master’s Program has a long and distinguished history, with modifications over the years that reflect both growth in the program and adaptation to developments in the professions

Interview of John J. Rooney, Ph.D.

Dr. John J. Rooney was born in 1923 to a working class family in South Philadelphia. He went to primarily Catholic schools and during his childhood, witnessed three World Series from his house. He started attending La Salle University in 1940, majoring in chemistry. During World War II, he left school to join the Navy as a flight instructor. He came back to La Salle and graduated in 1946. From there, he went to Temple University to get a master’s and then Ph.D. in psychology. During this time, he simultaneously went to school, taught first chemistry and then psychology at La Salle, and was director of the counseling program. After receiving his Ph.D., he became a permanent professor at La Salle. He taught classes until 1983, during which time he witnessed many changes in both the school and the psychology department, including a change from commuter to resident students and the introduction of female students. After he retired from teaching, he became the director of the Master’s in counseling program, a position he has maintained up until the present. He has been active in a number of La Salle and professional organizations

Estimating charitable giving by will bequest for Giving USA

In a typical year since 2000, Giving USA has estimated that living individuals contributed 75 percent of total charitable gifts and that estates contributed about 7 or 8 percent, with institutional donors donating the balance. The estimating procedure used for estate contributions relies extensively on amounts claimed by estate tax returns as deductions for charitable contributions. Giving USA supplements the tax return data with an estimate of giving by estates that fall below the tax filing threshold. As the estate tax filing threshold began increasing and tax rates began decreasing in 2001, a number of authors (Joulfaian 2000; Gale & Bakija; Greene and McClelland) predict declining charitable contributions from bequest gifts. With fewer estates tax returns filed, and the possibility that none will be filed after 2010, the impact of the reduced tax rates must be measured using new methods that do not rely so extensively on tax return data. Giving USA has been investigating and continues to investigate alternative methods to estimate charitable bequests that do not rely so heavily on estate tax return data. This paper reports the results of this effort and describes the bequest estimating procedure adopted for use in Giving USA beginning with the 2005 edition. This procedure incorporates survey results showing bequest amounts received at higher educational institutions and estimates charitable bequests made by estates below the federal filing threshold. The paper concludes that to track changes resulting from lowered tax rates and higher filing thresholds adequately, alternative data sources will need to be developed

Syndemics and the PrEP Cascade: Results from a Sample of Young Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men.

Young Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) are a highly vulnerable population for HIV infection. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a novel biomedical HIV prevention tool that may aid in reducing the disparity in HIV incidence among Latino MSM. However, PrEP use is disproportionally low among Latino MSM and, therefore, identifying barriers along the PrEP continuum of care (the "PrEP cascade") would provide insight into how to best deploy PrEP interventions. Syndemics theory is a prominent framework employed in HIV prevention; however, to date, no known studies have applied this theory to PrEP. Thus, the aim of the current study was to explore the association between syndemics and the PrEP cascade, including the degree to which psychosocial and structural syndemic constructs are related to the PrEP cascade. Participants were 151 young Latino MSM (M age = 24 years; SD = 3) residing in San Diego, California, who completed a battery of online self-report measures. Results indicated high levels of syndemic indicators and varying levels of engagement across the PrEP cascade. As syndemic indicators increased, the odds of engagement across the PrEP cascade were significantly lowered. Psychosocial and structural syndemic factors accounted for unique variance in the PrEP cascade. Results highlight the need for combination interventions that address both psychosocial and structural barriers to PrEP use and persistence among young Latino MSM

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI DANA PIHAK KETIGA (DPK) PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Potensi bank syariah sangat besar mengingat masyarakat Indonesia mayoritas muslim. Namun, Market Share perbankan syariah di industri perbankan nasional masih rendah.Oleh karena itu diperlukan usaha untuk meningkatkan Market Share tersebut salah satunya dari segi kinerja yang indikatornya yakni peningkatan aset diantaranya dapat dilihat dari peningkatan dana pihak ketiga (DPK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh inflasi, BI Rate, dan pendapatan bagi hasil terhadap dana pihak ketiga pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series periode Januari 2015 – Desember 2016, yang diterbitkan oleh Bank Indonesia dan laporan SPS (Statistik Perbankan Syariah). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji F, menunjukkan bahwa tingkat inflasi IHK, BI Rate, dan pedapatan bagi hasil secara simultan berpengaruh signigfikan terhadap dana pihak ketiga pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Sedangkan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji t, menunjukkan bahwa tingkat inflasi IHK secara parsial berpengaruh negative namun tidak signifikan terhadap dana pihak ketiga pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia, BI Rate berpengaruh negative signifikan terhadap dana pihak ketiga pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia, dan pendapatan bagi hasil berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap dana pihak ketiga pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia.---The potential of Islamic banks is very large considering the majority of Indonesian Muslims. However, Sharia Banking Market Share in the national banking industry is still low. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the Market Share, one of them in terms of performance, which indicates that the increase in assets can be seen from the increase of third party funds (DPK). This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of inflation, BI Rate, and revenue-sharing on third party funds at Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The data used are time series data from January 2015 - December 2016, published by Bank Indonesia and SPS reports (Sharia Banking Statistics). This research use multiple linear regression analysis method. The result of the research using F test shows that the CPI inflation rate, BI Rate, and profit sharing rate simultaneously have significant influence on third party fund at Sharia Commercial Bank in Indonesia. While the result of research by using t test show that CPI inflation rate partially have negative but not significant effect to third party fund at Syariah Commercial Bank in Indonesia, BI Rate has significant negative effect to third party fund at Syariah Commercial Bank in Indonesia, and income for the results have a positive but insignificant impact on third party funds in Syariah Commercial Banks in Indonesia

Predation Risk, Elk, and Aspen: Comment

With the exception of humans, gray wolves (Canis lupus) are perhaps the most significant predator of cervids in the northern hemisphere, mainly due to the group-hunting, year-round activity, and widespread geographic distribution (Peterson et al. 2003). Thus, interactions between wolves and large herbivore prey, such as elk (Cervus elaphus) and moose (Alces alces), have long been of interest to biologists (Peterson 1995, Jęodrzejewska et al. 2000, Mech and Boitani 2003). The potential ecological role this apex predator may have, via trophic cascades, has also received attention in recent years by researchers (e.g., Callan et al. 2013, Kuijper et al. 2013, 2014), wildlife management agencies (e.g., state wolf management plans), as well as the general public. Perhaps nowhere in the western United States has a heightened examination of this large predator been more focused than in Yellowstone National Park (YNP; Laundré et al. 2001, Smith et al. 2003, 2013, Fortin et al. 2005). Here, wolves were reintroduced in the mid-1990s, again completing the park\u27s large predator guild after approximately seven decades of absence, thus providing a long-term, landscape-scale, natural experiment (Diamond 1983). The Gallatin winter range is one of two that occur along the northern portion of YNP, the other is the northern ungulate winter range, or “northern range,” located some 25 km or more to the east. Of these, the Gallatin has been less studied. Nevertheless, the Gallatin winter range, like the northern range, experienced high levels of elk herbivory following the extirpation of wolves in the early 1900s. Over a period of approximately seven decades, intensive herbivory by elk led to the long-term decline in aspen (Populus tremuloides) and willow (Salix spp.) recruitment (i.e., growth of young plants above the browse level of elk) in the Gallatin winter range, leaving these plant communities in an impoverished condition (Lovaas 1967, Patten 1968, Kay 2001, Ripple and Beschta 2004, Halofsky and Ripple 2008). Accelerated soil and channel erosion also occurred (Lovaas 1967, Beschta and Ripple 2006). Thus, when wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone in the mid-1990s, aspen recruitment within the Gallatin elk winter range, had been largely absent for several decades (Kay 2001, Halofsky and Ripple 2008). In 2010, Winnie (2012) sampled 65 aspen stands in the northwestern corner of YNP, within the Gallatin elk winter range, to determine if a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade (BMTC) was occurring. As background information Winnie (2012:2600) included only a single sentence about wolves in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and the remainder of the paragraph briefly discussed elk numbers, with most of the emphasis on elk in YNP\u27s northern range where there has been a pronounced redistribution of elk since the reintroduction of wolves (White et al. 2012). A more complete summary regarding the status and dynamics of wolves and elk over the last 15 years (i.e., 1995–2010) in the Gallatin elk winter range, as well as in the Daly Creek sub-drainage where Winnie\u27s study occurred, would have helped readers better understand the context of his study. Furthermore, information regarding human harvest of elk in the Gallatin winter range since the return of wolves, or whether such hunting has been affecting elk numbers or distribution in recent years was not provided. As part of his 2010 field study, Winnie (2012) characterized the presence or absence of several hypothesized risk factors (independent variables) for each aspen stand, including escape impediments, visual impediments, distance to conifer forest edge, and presence of deadfall trees. For dependent variables, Winnie (2012) recorded the presence or absence of browsing on aspen suckers (ramets \u3c2 m in height) and the number of aspen juveniles (plants \u3e2 m in height but \u3c6 cm in diameter at breast height). A height of 2 m generally represents the upper browse level of elk, and young aspen exceeding this height are considered to have successfully recruited. Such recruitment would represent a major departure from the browsing suppression that occurred in his study area over recent decades (Kay 2001, Halofsky and Ripple 2008) and an indication that a tri-trophic cascade involving wolves, elk, and aspen may be underway. From the results of his analyses, Winnie (2012:2600) concluded that “aspen were not responding to hypothesized fine-scale risk factors in ways consistent with the current BMTC hypothesis.” We respectfully submit that the design and analysis used to support such a conclusion may be deficient for two reasons, the first based on conceptual concerns and the second on statistical concerns. (1) Unfortunately, some aspen stands Winnie (2012) sampled contained juveniles associated with “physical barriers,” barriers that could prevent elk from browsing young aspen. To be scientifically valid, a risk assessment using young aspen as the dependent variable must inherently assure that all evaluated plants were accessible to elk browsing. (2) The inclusion of 10 aspen stands containing some physically protected aspen likely confounded results from his predation risk analyses (i.e., Figs. 5, 6, and 7 in Winnie 2012). While the inclusion of stands with protected aspen may increase the variance associated with his dependent variables (i.e., browsing rate, number of juveniles), the fallacy of doing so is revealed by inspecting these variables for the 85% of his stands (n = 55 stands) that did not have physically protected aspen. Here, a browsing rate of ∼99% and an average of \u3c1 juvenile per stand occurred (back-transformed means from Fig. 8b and a, respectively [Winnie 2012:2609]), indicating a general lack of variance in the dependent variables associated with these stands and little likelihood of a statistically significant outcome. Thus, we suspect that the “statistically significant” results Winnie (2012) found in Figs. 5, 6, and 7, whether contrary to or in support of a BMTC hypothesis, are primarily influenced by the occurrence of risk factors associated with those stands where some of the young aspen were physically protected. A reanalysis by Winnie of browsing rate and number of juveniles vs. his risk factors, using just the 55 stands accessible to elk, could clarify this issue. Because of the above concerns, we would offer that results of Winnie\u27s (2012) analyses of “proportion of sprouts browsed” or “number of juveniles per stand” relative to his hypothesized risk factors may well be spurious. If so, any discussions and conclusions based on those results are in question. A 2004 field study of aspen stands in the Gallatin winter range found aspen recruitment had declined precipitously following the extirpation of wolves in the 1920s and remained essentially absent through the late 1990s (Halofsky and Ripple 2008). Thus, when Winnie (2012) undertook his field study in 2010, a wolf–elk–aspen trophic cascade had not yet been confirmed. While the occurrence of juvenile aspen would be important to the long-term survival of aspen stands, the data for elk-accessible stands continue to show exceptionally high browse rates and little or no recruitment (Winnie 2012). This situation contrasts with YNP\u27s northern range where decreased browsing and increased heights of young aspen in portions of that range have been observed some 6–10 years after the occurrence of increased willow growth, although this recruitment has been spatially patchy (e.g., Ripple and Beschta 2012, Painter 2013; also see northern range photos of aspen recruitment available online).5 It should be noted that decreased browsing and increased heights of willows in the Gallatin winter range (at the base of the Daly Creek watershed) following the return of wolves, and consistent with the occurrence of a trophic cascade, were documented as early as 1999–2000 (Ripple and Beschta 2004), with heights continuing to increase in more recent years (Beschta and Ripple 2010). Also consistent with a trophic cascade, various northern range studies have found increased willow growth/canopy cover, sometimes interacting with climatic fluctuations, following wolf reintroduction (e.g., Groshong 2004, Beschta and Ripple 2007, Beyer et al. 2007, Baril 2009, Tercek et al. 2010, Marshall 2012). The occurrence of 192 juvenile aspen within Winnie\u27s (2012) study area would seem to indicate the beginnings of a tri-trophic cascade, particularly when compared to the lack of juvenile production in the decades immediately before wolf reintroduction (Halofsky and Ripple 2008). However, most of the 192 juveniles were associated with aspen stands characterized as having some degree of physical protection from elk (Fig. 8a in Winnie 2012), making it difficult to confirm if they represent a wolf–elk–aspen trophic cascade involving density and/or behavioral mediation. A trophic cascade involving aspen can be complex and context dependent (e.g., linked to bottom-up factors such as fire [Eisenberg et al. 2013]). Furthermore, undertaking risk assessments associated with large mammalian predators and ungulates in mountainous terrain, where human hunting is also occurring across part of the landscape, can be especially challenging. While we commend Winnie (2012) for attempting such an assessment, without a reanalysis of only those young aspen accessible to elk it would appear that his evaluation may not have been sufficiently rigorous to evaluate the presence or absence of a potential BMTC in the Gallatin winter range

Why do adult dogs ‘play’?

Among the Carnivora, play behaviour is usually made up of motor patterns characteristic of predatory, agonistic and courtship behaviour. Domestic dogs are unusual in that play is routinely performed by adults, both socially, with conspecifics and with humans, and also asocially, with objects. This enhanced playfulness is commonly thought to be a side effect of paedomorphosis, the perpetuation of juvenile traits into adulthood, but here we suggest that the functions of the different types of play are sufficiently distinct that they are unlikely to have arisen through a single evolutionary mechanism. Solitary play with objects appears to be derived from predatory behaviour: preferred toys are those that can be dismembered, and a complex habituation-like feedback system inhibits play with objects that are resistant to alteration. Intraspecific social play is structurally different from interspecific play and may therefore be motivationally distinct and serve different goals; for example, dogs often compete over objects when playing with other dogs, but are usually more cooperative when the play partner is human. The majority of dogs do not seem to regard competitive games played with a human partner as “dominance” contests: rather, winning possession of objects during games appears to be simply rewarding. Play may be an important factor in sociality, since dogs are capable of extracting social information not only from games in which they participate, but also from games that they observe between third parties. We suggest that the domestic dog’s characteristic playfulness in social contexts is an adaptive trait, selected during domestication to facilitate both training for specific purposes, and the formation of emotionally-based bonds between dog and owner. Play frequency and form may therefore be an indicator of the quality of dog-owner relationships

Patient‐friendly pathology reports for patients with breast atypias

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146318/1/tbj13061_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146318/2/tbj13061.pd