5,085 research outputs found
Optimizing ground beef lean sources to maximize display color life
It is widely accepted that meat color is the most important influencer of consumers’ meat purchasing decisions. Understanding how ground cow meat discolors is, and will continue to be, very important as a large influx of cull dairy cows in the U.S. meat supply is predicted. Optimal management and more timely marketing of cows should result in increased revenue for the beef industry. However, many valuable by-products from cows have been labeled as specified risk materials accompanied by a lost value. Thus, there is an unprecedented need to add value to cow meat. Research characterizing cow muscles and how to optimally use them for ground beef production could increase the value of cull cows and result in improved management and use of meat from cull cows.
Our objectives were to evaluate the display color life of ground beef from different muscle combinations that vary in pre-established color stability values and determine if using beef or dairy cow meat affects color dynamics and stability of ground beef
Effects of freezing pork chops on warner-bratzler shear force and cookery traits
Eighty-one boneless pork loins were used to
determine the influence of freezing and pH on
Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) values and
cookery traits. Chops with lower pH (<5.5 to
5.5) had higher cooking losses than chops with intermediate pH (5.7 to 5.9) and higher pH (6.0 to >6.2). Similar to cooking losses, total moisture losses decreased with increased pH. Frozen chops had lower WBS values (more tender) than fresh chops. However, fresh chops had a higher total yield (lower moisture loss) than frozen chops
Effects of pH and location within a loin on pork quality
Eighty-one boneless pork loins were used to
determine the influence of pH on quality characteristics. With increasing loin pH, instrumental values for L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness) of loins and chops decreased, and cooking losses of chops before 0 d and after 1 d of retail display also decreased. The pH had no effects
on package losses or Warner-Bratzler shear
force values of chops. Center loin chops (0 d
and 1 d) had higher ratios of reflectance than blade and sirloin chops. Sirloin chops had higher ratio of reflectance than blade chops. Center loin chops had lower package losses than blade and sirloin chops. Blade chops had lower (more tender) WBS values than center loin and sirloin chops. Measuring loin pH can predict instrumental color (L*and b*) values as well as cooking losses
Gastric aspiration and its role in airway inflammation
Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux (GOR) has been associated with chronic airway diseases while the passage of foreign matter into airways and lungs through aspiration has the potential to initiate a wide spectrum of pulmonary disorders. The clinical syndrome resulting from such aspiration will depend both on the quantity and nature of the aspirate as well as the individual host response. Aspiration of gastric fluids may cause damage to airway epithelium, not only because acidity is toxic to bronchial epithelial cells but also due to the effect of digestive enzymes such as pepsin and bile salts. Experimental models have shown that direct instillation of these factors to airways epithelia cause damage with a consequential inflammatory response. The pathophysiology of these responses is gradually being dissected, with better understanding of acute gastric aspiration injury, a major cause of acute lung injury, providing opportunities for therapeutic intervention and potentially, ultimately, improved understanding of the chronic airway response to aspiration. Ultimately, clarification of the inflammatory pathways which are related to micro-aspiration via pepsin and bile acid salts may eventually progress to pharmacological intervention and surgical studies to assess the clinical benefits of such therapies in driving symptom improvement or reducing disease progression
An analysis of likes and dislikes for history and geography of 3360 sixth grade children
Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit
Accessing elite nurses for research: reflections on the theoretical and practical issues of telephone interviewing
Elite groups are interesting as they frequently are powerful (in terms of position, knowledge and influence) and enjoy considerable authority. It is important, therefore, to involve them in research concerned with understanding social contexts and processes. This is particularly pertinent in healthcare, where considerable strategic development and change are features of everyday practice that may be guided or perceived as being guided, by elites.
This paper evolved from a study investigating the availability and role of nurses whose remit involved leading nursing research and development within acute NHS Trusts in two health regions in Southern England. The study design included telephone interviews with Directors of Nursing Services during which time the researchers engaged in a reflective analysis of their experiences of conducting research with an `elite' group. Important issues identified were the role of gatekeepers, engagement with elites and the use of the telephone interview method in this context. The paper examines these issues and makes a case for involving executive nurses in further research. The paper also offers strategies to help researchers design and implement telephone interview studies successfully to maximise access to the views and experiences of `hard to reach groups', such as elites, while minimising the associated disruption
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