Assassin’s Creed Valhalla: historisk signifikans og historisk empati

Sammendrag Forskning viser at det finnes en rekke muligheter til å lære av historiske dataspill og dets innhold. I denne oppgaven har jeg derfor undersøkt hvilke framstillinger et historisk dataspill kan skape og hvilken betydning den har for vår historieforståelse. Jeg undersøkte hvordan representasjonene spillerne møter i vikingspillet, Assassin’s Creed Valhalla kan bidra til forståelse for deler av det historiedidaktiske begrepet historisk tenkning. I Seixas og Mortons (2013) modell for historisk tenkning finner vi sentrale konsepter som historisk signifikans og historisk empati. Disse konseptene er henholdsvis sentrale til hvordan vi forstår hva som er betydningsfullt fra fortida og hvordan en skal tilnærme seg perspektivene fortidas mennesker hadde. Ettersom disse konseptene er viktige for vår historieforståelse har jeg i denne oppgaven koblet sammen det historiske dataspillet, Valhalla, med historisk signifikans og historisk empati. Problemstillingen er som følger: Hvordan kan det historiske dataspillet, Valhalla, bidra til forståelse av historisk signifikans og historisk empati? For å undersøke dette anvendte jeg en formalanalyse. Gjennom denne analyserte jeg hvordan spillet Assassin’s Creed Valhallas representasjoner av religion, sosiale forhold og kjønn og kjønnsroller kan bidra til en forståelse av de nevnte didaktiske konseptene. Funnene fra formalanalysen ble brukt til å drøfte om disse kunne bidra til forståelse for historisk signifikans og historisk empati. Jeg fant at store deler av spillets framstillinger kan hjelpe spilleren å forstå hva som er betydningsfullt med vikingtida, og dermed vise spilleren hva som er signifikant. Det var imidlertid noe vanskeligere å se at dataspillet, kan bidra til forståelsen eller å skape empati til Valhallas mennesker, fordi kriteriene for historisk empati baserer seg på subjektive opplevelser. Nøkkelord: Historiske dataspill, Assassin’s Creed, historisk tenkning, historisk empati, historisk signifikans

Joint Subjective and Objective Data Capture and Analytics for Automotive Applications

In this paper we describe a novel technological framework for capture and analysis of both objective measurement data and subjective user experience data for automotive applications. We also investigate how the framework can be extended to address privacy issues by enforcing a rigorous privacy model called differential privacy. The system under development integrates a telematics system with a smartphone app service architecture and a data-driven analytics framework. The hypothesis is that the framework will improve the opportunities of conducting large scale user trials of automotive functions and services, while improving the quality of collected data. To achieve this, a number of challenges are addressed in the paper, including how to design the subjective data capture mechanisms to be both simple to use yet powerful, how to correlate subjective data with objective measurement data, and how to protect the privacy of users

Quality of experience in telemeetings and videoconferencing: a comprehensive survey

Telemeetings such as audiovisual conferences or virtual meetings play an increasingly important role in our professional and private lives. For that reason, system developers and service providers will strive for an optimal experience for the user, while at the same time optimizing technical and financial resources. This leads to the discipline of Quality of Experience (QoE), an active field originating from the telecommunication and multimedia engineering domains, that strives for understanding, measuring, and designing the quality experience with multimedia technology. This paper provides the reader with an entry point to the large and still growing field of QoE of telemeetings, by taking a holistic perspective, considering both technical and non-technical aspects, and by focusing on current and near-future services. Addressing both researchers and practitioners, the paper first provides a comprehensive survey of factors and processes that contribute to the QoE of telemeetings, followed by an overview of relevant state-of-the-art methods for QoE assessment. To embed this knowledge into recent technology developments, the paper continues with an overview of current trends, focusing on the field of eXtended Reality (XR) applications for communication purposes. Given the complexity of telemeeting QoE and the current trends, new challenges for a QoE assessment of telemeetings are identified. To overcome these challenges, the paper presents a novel Profile Template for characterizing telemeetings from the holistic perspective endorsed in this paper

System Dynamics to Model the Unintended Consequences of Denying Payment for Venous Thromboembolism after Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background: The Hospital Acquired Condition Strategy (HACS) denies payment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The intention is to reduce complications and associated costs, while improving the quality of care by mandating VTE prophylaxis. We applied a system dynamics model to estimate the impact of HACS on VTE rates, and potential unintended consequences such as increased rates of bleeding and infection and decreased access for patients who might benefit from TKA. Methods and Findings: The system dynamics model uses a series of patient stocks including the number needing TKA, deemed ineligible, receiving TKA, and harmed due to surgical complication. The flow of patients between stocks is determined by a series of causal elements such as rates of exclusion, surgery and complications. The number of patients harmed due to VTE, bleeding or exclusion were modeled by year by comparing patient stocks that results in scenarios with and without HACS. The percentage of TKA patients experiencing VTE decreased approximately 3-fold with HACS. This decrease in VTE was offset by an increased rate of bleeding and infection. Moreover, results from the model suggest HACS could exclude 1.5% or half a million patients who might benefit from knee replacement through 2020. Conclusion: System dynamics modeling indicates HACS will have the intended consequence of reducing VTE rates. However, an unintended consequence of the policy might be increased potential harm resulting from over administration of prophylaxis, as well as exclusion of a large population of patients who might benefit from TKA