Rekefisket som naturhistorie og samfundssak

1. Trawl fishing for deep sea prawns commenced in Norway in the autumn of 1898 after Hjort had proved in 1897 the existence of great quantities of P. borealis in the fjords of East Norway. On the recommendation of Dr. C. G. JOHS. PETERSEN, HJORT constructed a serviceable gear for this fishery by modifying the Danish eel-seine to an otter-trawl. In table 1 and Figures 2, 3 and 4 a summary is given of the growth of prawn fishing in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. In 1935 nearly 5 million kilogrammes of prawns were fished by these three countries altogether, and 2/3 of this quantity by Norway alone. 2. On the basis of information and charts placed at our disposal, mainly by two fishermen, a survey is given of the prawning grounds which are known from the Svenör Bank to the Trondheim Fjord. 3. The development of gear and fishing craft from HJORT's first trawl and sailing boats to modern gear and motor vessels is described. 4. The statistical value of the prawn fishing in the case of Norway has amounted in recent years to about 2 million kroner per annum. From 1908 to 1935 the value of the total yield in the case of Norway has been more than 22,5 million kroner. The incomes of the fishermen vary considerably according to their ability. Some examples show that in good years the gross income has amounted to about Kr. 20.000,00. The nett income amounts to 35 % - 50 % of the gross. 5. The life history of P. borealis is described on the basis of previous investigations and those undertaken by us. An account is given of the growth of the prawn in Norwegian waters and of the probable number of moultings to which it is subjected. 6. When the prawn fishery commenced an accumulated stock was fished. After the lapse of a number of years the catches became dependent on the annual renewals and the intensity of the fishery. The yield has therefore declined considerably on all the old grounds until in recent years it has become more constant with minor fluctuations. 7. The possibility of discovering new prawn grounds in the Norwegian Channel has been investigated by cruises from the Reef off Kristiansand S. to the waters off Stadt during the summer of 1934. On these cruises it was found that the quantity of prawns declined gradually with the disappearance of detritus from the material of the sea-bed. From Utsira and northwards the bottom consisted of pure sand. 8. Similar experience was gained by BIGELOW and HJORT in the Gulf of Maine (U.S.A.) during the summer of 1936. Quantities of P. borealis capable of being fished on an industrial scale were found in waters which had strong points of resemblance with the prawn grounds in the Norwegian fjords. 9. A comparison between the animal life of the prawn grouncls examined by bottom sampler (BROCH 1935) and that brought up by the trawl shows that the trawl only takes up a very small selection of the bottom fauna, namely, the large forms which live on and over the bottom. A list of the species of fish caught by trawl in Norwegian waters is also given here, and the quantities in which they are takeil. 10. The injurious effects which trawling is said to have on other fisheries are discussed. 11. The effect of the gear on the size of the stock of prawns is examined. 12. The bearing of our investigation is discussed, and recommendations for a minimum mesh in the trawl are made in order to bring the fishery into rational forms and to increase the catches of the fishermen

Rekefisket som naturhistorie og samfundssak

1. Trawl fishing for deep sea prawns commenced in Norway in the autumn of 1898 after Hjort had proved in 1897 the existence of great quantities of P. borealis in the fjords of East Norway. On the recommendation of Dr. C. G. JOHS. PETERSEN, HJORT constructed a serviceable gear for this fishery by modifying the Danish eel-seine to an otter-trawl. In table 1 and Figures 2, 3 and 4 a summary is given of the growth of prawn fishing in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. In 1935 nearly 5 million kilogrammes of prawns were fished by these three countries altogether, and 2/3 of this quantity by Norway alone. 2. On the basis of information and charts placed at our disposal, mainly by two fishermen, a survey is given of the prawning grounds which are known from the Svenör Bank to the Trondheim Fjord. 3. The development of gear and fishing craft from HJORT's first trawl and sailing boats to modern gear and motor vessels is described. 4. The statistical value of the prawn fishing in the case of Norway has amounted in recent years to about 2 million kroner per annum. From 1908 to 1935 the value of the total yield in the case of Norway has been more than 22,5 million kroner. The incomes of the fishermen vary considerably according to their ability. Some examples show that in good years the gross income has amounted to about Kr. 20.000,00. The nett income amounts to 35 % - 50 % of the gross. 5. The life history of P. borealis is described on the basis of previous investigations and those undertaken by us. An account is given of the growth of the prawn in Norwegian waters and of the probable number of moultings to which it is subjected. 6. When the prawn fishery commenced an accumulated stock was fished. After the lapse of a number of years the catches became dependent on the annual renewals and the intensity of the fishery. The yield has therefore declined considerably on all the old grounds until in recent years it has become more constant with minor fluctuations. 7. The possibility of discovering new prawn grounds in the Norwegian Channel has been investigated by cruises from the Reef off Kristiansand S. to the waters off Stadt during the summer of 1934. On these cruises it was found that the quantity of prawns declined gradually with the disappearance of detritus from the material of the sea-bed. From Utsira and northwards the bottom consisted of pure sand. 8. Similar experience was gained by BIGELOW and HJORT in the Gulf of Maine (U.S.A.) during the summer of 1936. Quantities of P. borealis capable of being fished on an industrial scale were found in waters which had strong points of resemblance with the prawn grounds in the Norwegian fjords. 9. A comparison between the animal life of the prawn grouncls examined by bottom sampler (BROCH 1935) and that brought up by the trawl shows that the trawl only takes up a very small selection of the bottom fauna, namely, the large forms which live on and over the bottom. A list of the species of fish caught by trawl in Norwegian waters is also given here, and the quantities in which they are takeil. 10. The injurious effects which trawling is said to have on other fisheries are discussed. 11. The effect of the gear on the size of the stock of prawns is examined. 12. The bearing of our investigation is discussed, and recommendations for a minimum mesh in the trawl are made in order to bring the fishery into rational forms and to increase the catches of the fishermen

Anhedonia is associated with poor health status and more somatic and cognitive symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease

Purpose: The effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is moderated by negative emotions and clinical factors, but no studies evaluated the role of positive emotions. This study examined whether anhedonia (i.e. the lack of positive affect) moderated the effectiveness of CR on health status and somatic and cognitive symptoms. Methods: CAD patients (n = 368) filled out the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess anhedonia at the start of CR, and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Health Complaints Scale (HCS) at the start of CR and at 3 months to assess health status and somatic and cognitive symptoms, respectively. Results: Adjusting for clinical and demographic factors, health status improved significantly during the follow-up (F(1,357) = 10.84, P = .001). Anhedonic patients reported poorer health status compared with non-anhedoni

A metagenomic portrait of the microbial community responsible for two decades of bioremediation of poly-contaminated groundwater

Biodegradation of pollutants is a sustainable and cost-effective solution to groundwater pollution. Here, we investigate microbial populations involved in biodegradation of poly-contaminants in a pipeline for heavily contaminated groundwater. Groundwater moves from a polluted park to a treatment plant, where an aerated bioreactor effectively removes the contaminants. While the biomass does not settle in the reactor, sediment is collected afterwards and used to seed the new polluted groundwater via a backwash cycle. The pipeline has successfully operated since 1999, but the biological components in the reactor and the contaminated park groundwater have never been described. We sampled seven points along the pipeline, representing the entire remediation process, and characterized the changing microbial communities using genome-resolved metagenomic analysis. We assembled 297 medium- and high-quality metagenome-assembled genome sequences representing on average 46.3% of the total DNA per sample. We found that the communities cluster into two distinct groups, separating the anaerobic communities in the park groundwater from the aerobic communities inside the plant. In the park, the community is dominated by members of the genus Sulfuricurvum, while the plant is dominated by generalists from the order Burkholderiales. Known aromatic compound biodegradation pathways are four times more abundant in the plant-side communities compared to the park-side. Our findings provide a genome-resolved portrait of the microbial community in a highly effective groundwater treatment system that has treated groundwater with a complex contamination profile for two decades

Health outcomes of 1000 children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease in their first 5 years of life

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the long-term health outcomes of children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to assess the impact of maternal IBD medication use on these outcomes. DESIGN: We performed a multicentre retrospective study in The Netherlands. Women with IBD who gave birth between 1999 and 2018 were enrolled from 20 participating hospitals. Information regarding disease characteristics, medication use, lifestyle, pregnancy outcomes and long-term health outcomes of children was retrieved from mothers and medical charts. After consent of both parents, outcomes until 5 years were also collected from general practitioners. Our primary aim was to assess infection rate and our secondary aims were to assess adverse reactions to vaccinations, growth, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. RESULTS: We included 1000 children born to 626 mothers (381 (61%) Crohn's disease, 225 (36%) ulcerative colitis and 20 (3%) IBD unclassified). In total, 196 (20%) had intrauterine exposure to anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) (60 with concomitant thiopurine) and 240 (24%) were exposed to thiopurine monotherapy. The 564 children (56%) not exposed to anti-TNF-α and/or thiopurine served as control group. There was no association between adverse long-term health outcomes and in utero exposure to IBD treatment. We did find an increased rate of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in case thiopurine was used during the pregnancy without affecting birth outcomes and long-term health outcomes of children. All outcomes correspond with the general age-adjusted population. CONCLUSION: In our study, we found no association between in utero exposure to anti-TNF-α and/or thiopurine and the long-term outcomes antibiotic-treated infections, severe infections needing hospital admission, adverse reactions to vaccinations, growth failure, autoimmune diseases and malignancies

After-hours colorectal surgery: a risk factor for anastomotic leakage

__Purpose:__ This study aims to increase knowledge of colorectal anastomotic leakage by performing an incidence study and risk factor analysis with new potential risk factors in a Dutch tertiary referral center. __Methods:__ All patients whom received a primary colorectal anastomosis between 1997 and 2007 were selected by means of operation codes. Patient records were studied for population description and risk factor analysis. __Results:__ In total 739 patients were included. Anastomotic leakage (AL) occurred in 64 (8.7%) patients of whom nine (14.1%) died. Median interval between operation and diagnosis was 8 days. The risk for AL was higher as the anastomoses were constructed more distally (p = 0.019). Univariate analysis showed duration of surgery (p = 0.038), BMI (p = 0.001), time of surgery (p = 0.029), prophylactic drainage (p = 0.006) and time under anesthesia (p = 0.012) to be associated to AL. Multivariate analysis showed BMI greater than 30 kg/m2(p = 0.006; OR 2.6 CI 1.3-5.2) and "after hours" construction of an anastomosis (p = 0.030; OR 2.2 CI 1.1-4.5) to be independent risk factors. __Conclusion:__ BMI greater than 30 kg/m2and "after hours" construction of an anastomosis were independent risk factors for colorectal anastomotic leakage

Co-occurrence of diabetes and hopelessness predicts adverse prognosis following percutaneous coronary intervention

We examined the impact of co-occurring diabetes and hopelessness on 3-year prognosis in percutaneous coronary intervention patients. Consecutive patients (n = 534) treated with the paclitaxel-eluting stent completed a set of questionnaires at baseline and were followed up for 3-year adverse clinical events. The incidence of 3-year death/non-fatal myocardial infarction was 3.5% in patients with no risk factors (neither hopelessness nor diabetes), 8.2% in patients with diabetes, 11.2% in patients with high hopelessness, and 15.9% in patients with both factors (p = 0.001). Patients with hopelessness (HR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.49-7.23) and co-occurring diabetes and hopelessness (HR: 4.89; 95% CI: 1.86-12.85) were at increased risk of 3-year adverse clinical events compared to patients with no risk factors, whereas patients with diabetes were at a clinically relevant but not statistically significant risk (HR: 2.40; 95% CI: 0.82-7.01). These results remained, adjusting for baseline characteristics an

Production of cyanophycin in Rhizopus oryzae through the expression of a cyanophycin synthetase encoding gene

Cyanophycin or cyanophycin granule peptide is a protein that results from non-ribosomal protein synthesis in microorganisms such as cyanobacteria. The amino acids in cyanophycin can be used as a feedstock in the production of a wide range of chemicals such as acrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid, 1,4-butanediamine, and urea. In this study, an auxotrophic mutant (Rhizopus oryzae M16) of the filamentous fungus R. oryzae 99-880 was selected to express cyanophycin synthetase encoding genes. These genes originated from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803, Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120, and a codon optimized version of latter gene. The genes were under control of the pyruvate decarboxylase promoter and terminator elements of R. oryzae. Transformants were generated by the biolistic transformation method. In only two transformants both expressing the cyanophycin synthetase encoding gene from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 was a specific enzyme activity detected of 1.5 mU/mg protein. In one of these transformants was both water-soluble and insoluble cyanophycin detected. The water-soluble fraction formed the major fraction and accounted for 0.5% of the dry weight. The water-insoluble CGP was produced in trace amounts. The amino acid composition of the water-soluble form was determined and constitutes of equimolar amounts of arginine and aspartic acid