An EDSL approach to high performance Haskell programming

This paper argues for a new methodology for writing high per-formance Haskell programs by using Embedded Domain Specific Languages. We exemplify the methodology by describing a complete li-brary, meta-repa, which is a reimplementation of parts of the repa library. The paper describes the implementation of meta-repa and contrasts it with the standard approach to writing high performance libraries. We conclude that even though the embedded language approach has an initial cost of defining the language and some syntactic overhead it gives a more tailored programming model, stronger performance guarantees, better control over optimizations, simpler implementation of fusion and inlining and allows for mov-ing type level programming down to value level programming in some cases. We also provide benchmarks showing that meta-repa is as fast, or faster, than repa. Furthermore, meta-repa also includes push arrays and we demonstrate their usefulness for writing certain high performance kernels such as FFT

Towards a circular aquculture:the contribution of H2020 Gain project

Aquaculture Europe 2021, Funchal, Madeira, 4-7 OctoberOne of the main problems associated with any food production value chain is valorisation of by-products and side-streams to reduce the environmental impact, while optimizing the use of resources (Newton et al., 2017). This is especially needed for the aquaculture sector, where circularity principles are key elements to meet sustainability requirements. In the H2020 project “GAIN” , we have used different strategies to address this issue by investigating innovative processes aimed at reusing: fish sludge, generated in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), fish mortalities, by-products generated by fish processing (heads, frames and trimmings, skins, etc..), and shells from bivalves generated by the cannery industry. Main results and developments that will significantly contribute to the eco-intensification of this productive sector are presentedN

Intraputamenal cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor in Parkinson's disease: a randomized, double‐blind, multicenter phase 1 trial

Background: Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is an unconventional neurotrophic factor that protects dopamine neurons and improves motor function in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective: The primary objectives of this study were to assess the safety and tolerability of both CDNF and the drug delivery system (DDS) in patients with PD of moderate severity. Methods: We assessed the safety and tolerability of monthly intraputamenal CDNF infusions in patients with PD using an investigational DDS, a bone‐anchored transcutaneous port connected to four catheters. This phase 1 trial was divided into a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, 6‐month main study followed by an active‐treatment 6‐month extension. Eligible patients, aged 35 to 75 years, had moderate idiopathic PD for 5 to 15 years and Hoehn and Yahr score ≤ 3 (off state). Seventeen patients were randomized to placebo (n = 6), 0.4 mg CDNF (n = 6), or 1.2 mg CDNF (n = 5). The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability of CDNF and DDS and catheter implantation accuracy. Secondary endpoints were measures of PD symptoms, including Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and DDS patency and port stability. Exploratory endpoints included motor symptom assessment (PKG, Global Kinetics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia) and positron emission tomography using dopamine transporter radioligand [18F]FE‐PE2I. Results: Drug‐related adverse events were mild to moderate with no difference between placebo and treatment groups. No severe adverse events were associated with the drug, and device delivery accuracy met specification. The severe adverse events recorded were associated with the infusion procedure and did not reoccur after procedural modification. There were no significant changes between placebo and CDNF treatment groups in secondary endpoints between baseline and the end of the main and extension studies. Conclusions: Intraputamenally administered CDNF was safe and well tolerated, and possible signs of biological response to the drug were observed in individual patients. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

Förhindra långvariga trafikstopp i spårväxlar med rörlig korsning

Purpose:The purpose of this study as a part of Trafikverkets continues improvement work is to create ahigher society value with less delayed train traffic. This study will analyze if it’stechnical/administrative possible to eliminate or reduce the delays which accrue when switcheswith swing nose crossing is not in control. The issue has been segmented in three sub issues:1. How does a switch with swing nose crossing work and which factors leads to a stop intraffic?2. What knowledge does train engineer have and how do they work today?3. Is it possible to change the current regulation without decrease the safety?Methodology:Literature study, interview and observation has been performed to see which issues switcheshas and what underlying effects that causes them. A workshop has been held with teacher andstudents in a school for train engineer. Collected data has been analyzed for compilation of thestudies result.Findings:As the regulation is written today it creates a complete stop in traffic when a switch with swingnose crossing goes in control. The studies result shows that train engineers has anunderstanding of the how switches with swing nose crossing works and therefore could it bepossible to alter the regulation. A change in this regulation could mean less delayed traintraffic. But also a greater risk for more collision between train and switches which could lead tothat more switches have to be repaired. A standardized approach in how to control a switchcould decrease this risk.Implications:The purpose of this study through the problem definition is deemed answered. Theunderstanding on the train engineer awareness of switches with swing nose crossing and theirdemands has been a great significance for the development work. More interviews andworkshops would have enhanced the scientific result.Recommendation:I advocate for a change in the regulation so that train engineer are allowed to pass a switch with swingnose crossing even if it’s not in control. There is also of great weight to study the back laying reasonsfor why train engineer misjudge switches position and why the switches doesn’t go in control

The Mitcham Score : quantifying students’ descriptions of technology

A central issue when measuring students’ attitudes toward an object is the children’s understanding of that object, in this case, technology. Studies have shown that schoolchildren often describe technology narrowly as different kinds of technological objects; more specifically, modern electrical objects. This may mean that we have been measuring students’ attitudes toward modern technological objects for more than 30 years. This study intends to research what other aspects students potentially describe, when describing technology, and how the descriptions can be implemented in attitudes toward technology research. To visualize and analyze different aspects of technology, Carl Mitcham’s philosophical framework of the manifestations of technology is used. The deductive method used for analysis quantifies students’ descriptions of technology, for use in attitude, and other quantitative, studies. In this study, descriptions of technology and technology education from 164 students (aged 12–15) are analyzed, classified and quantified within Mitcham’s typology (technology as Object–Activities–Knowledge–Volition). The student descriptions are compared to the typology and students score a point for every one of the four aspects of technology they describe. The sum of aspects in the description is named The Mitcham Score. The results of this study show that students can describe technology in a broad way using all four aspects of Mitcham’s typology. In line with previous studies, the most common way is to describe technology as objects and activities using the objects. Technological knowledge has not been in focus in previous studies of student descriptions. In this study, 44.5% of the students mention technological knowledge in their descriptions of technology. Measurement using the Mitcham Score provides a method to study both students’ concepts of technology and the factors that might affect this. The Mitcham Score is potentially one more factor to use in analyzing students’ attitudinal profiles. The method is sufficiently reliable and enables a broad understanding of students’ attitudes

Attityd till teknik : Teoretiska perspektiv på PATT-studier för att studera eleves attityder till teknik

Attitudes are complex and consist of emotions, beliefs, and behavior. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to a theoretically anchored understanding of attitudes toward technology by exploring the three components of attitudes: affective, cognitive, and behavioral among 12-15-year-old students in Sweden.   This thesis includes three research papers (I, II, III) and one book chapter (Paper IV) that are based on data from two studies. Data (student interviews N=6 and survey N=173) from the first study was used in Papers I, II and IV, and data (student survey N=485) from the second study were used in Paper III.      In Paper I, an existing attitude survey (PATT) is validated for use in a Swedish context. In Paper II, an instrument to quantify students’ perceptions of technology and technology education is developed This instrument is used to study the cognitive component of attitudes and is named the Mitcham Score. In Paper III, the methods developed in Paper I and II are used to study the relationships among the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of attitudes. In Paper IV, students’ perceptions of technology are discussed as a starting point for teachers, when planning and teaching technology.  The methods developed throughout the thesis prove useful to research the different components of attitudes. The Mitcham Score can give insights into students’ perception of technology as well as be used as a construct of the cognitive component of attitudes. The PATT survey categories called Boredom and Interest measure students’ feelings (affect), while the category called Career was seen as assessing the behavioral component. The affective component, Interest, was related to both the cognitive component and the behavioral component. A high Mitcham Score, or in other words a broad perception of technology, seems to be a key concept for girls to consider technological careers.   Attityder är komplexa och kan påverkas av olika faktorer, såsom känslor, övertygelser och beteenden. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra till en teoretiskt förankrad förståelse av attityder till teknik genom att utforska de tre komponenterna av attityder: affektiva, kognitiva och beteendemässiga, bland 12–15-åriga elever i Sverige.   Avhandlingen innehåller tre artiklar (Paper I, II, III) och ett bokkapitel (Paper IV) som är baserade på data från två studier. Data (elevintervjuer N=6 och enkät N=173) från den första studien användes i Paper I, II och IV, och data (elevenkät N=485) från den andra studien användes i Paper III.      I Paper I valideras en befintlig attitydenkät (PATT) för användning i en svensk kontext. I paper II utvecklas ett instrument för att kvantifiera elevers uppfattningar om teknik och teknikundervisning, detta instrument utvecklades för att kunna studera den kognitiva komponenten av attityder och kallas Mitcham Score. Paper III utgår från de metoder som utvecklats i Paper I och II för att studera sambanden mellan de affektiva, kognitiva och beteendemässiga komponenterna av attityder. I Studie IV diskuteras elevers uppfattningar om teknik som en utgångspunkt för lärare, för att planera och undervisa teknik.   De metoder som utvecklats i avhandlingen visar sig vara användbara för att undersöka de olika komponenterna av attityder. Mitcham Score kan ge insikter i elevernas uppfattning om teknik samt användas för att bedöma den kognitiva komponenten av attityder. Den använda PATT-enkätens kategorier som kallas Tråkighet och Intresse mäter tydligt elevernas affektiva komponent medan kategorin som kallas Karriärssträvan mäter den beteendemässiga komponenten. Den affektiva komponenten, Intresse, relaterade till både den kognitiva och den beteendemässiga komponenten. Högt Mitcham Score, eller med andra ord bred uppfattning om vad teknik är, verkar vara en nyckelfaktor för att flickor ska överväga en karriär inom teknik.

Potential Effects of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast in Treatment of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder where misfolded alpha-synuclein-enriched aggregates called Lewy bodies are central in pathogenesis. No neuroprotective or disease-modifying treatments are currently available. Parkinson’s disease is considered a multifactorial disease and evidence from multiple patient studies and animal models has shown a significant immune component during the course of the disease, highlighting immunomodulation as a potential treatment strategy. The immune changes occur centrally, involving microglia and astrocytes but also peripherally with changes to the innate and adaptive immune system. Here, we review current understanding of different components of the PD immune response with a particular emphasis on the leukotriene pathway. We will also describe evidence of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, as a possible anti-inflammatory treatment for PD

Understanding attitude measurement : Exploring meaning and use of the PATT short questionnaire

The pupils’ attitudes toward technology survey (PATT) has been used for 30 years and is still used by researchers. Since it was first developed, the validity of the questionnaire constructs has primarily been discussed from a statistical point of view, while few researchers have discussed the type of attitudes and interest that the questionnaire measures. The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge about student interpretations and the meaning of their answers in the recently developed PATT short questionnaire (PATT-SQ). To research this, a mixed methods approach was used, where the qualitative data from six interviewees (students aged 14) help to explain and interpret the quantitative data from 173 respondents (students aged 12–15). The interviewed students completed a Swedish version of the PATT-SQ 3 weeks prior a semistructured interview. The results from this study imply that the PATT-SQ survey can be used mostly as it is, but this study also shows that there are some categories that require some caution when being analyzed and discussed. For example, the gender category cannot be used as intended since it does not measure what it is supposed to and it might be gender-biased. The interest category can advantageously be reduced to four items to focus on school technology, which will indicate how deep a student’s well-developed individual interest is. And the career category seems to only detect students’ who urge a career in technology, while the other students lack knowledge about what that career might be and therefore they are not interested in such a career

Students attitudes toward technology: exploring the relationship among affective, cognitive and behavioral components of the attitude construct

When studying attitudes toward technology education, the affective attitudinal component has primarily been the focus. This study focuses on how the affective, cognitive and behavioral attitudinal components of technology education can be incorporated using a two-step survey: the traditional PATT-questionnaire (PATT-SQSE) and the recently developed Mitcham Score questionnaire. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship among the cognitive, affective and potential behavioural components of students attitudes toward technology in a Swedish context, using the PATT-SQ-SE instrument including the Mitcham score open items. Results of the analyses show that relationships among the attitudinal components are observable. The results also imply that relationships among the attitudinal components are different for girls than boys. A key factor for the participating students attitudinal relations was interest (affective component) in technology education. An individual interest in technology education was related to both the cognitive component and behavioral intention. Another key relationship, for girls, was that the cognitive component had a strong relationship with behavioral intention, which was not the case for boys. Based on the observed relations between the cognitive, affective and behavioural components we have identified two key implications for educational practice: Girls should learn a broader conception of technology in technology education, if we want them to pursue technology-related careers to a higher degree; Students interest in technology should be stimulated through engaging tasks in technology education.Funding Agencies|Linkoping University</p

Controlled long term outcome of pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis : No long-term adverse effect

Purpose: Pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis is one of the more common surgical procedures performed on infants. The long-term effects of the procedure are however unclear. The purpose of this study was to study the effects into adult life, compare them with controls and to see if there is a need for structured follow up of patients. Methods: Of the 101 patients operated for pyloric stenosis between 1972 and 1974 at our tertiary referral center 91 could be traced. They were all invited to participate in the study and were sent validated ques-tionnaires (PAGI-SYM, GIQLI) as well as a study-specific questionnaire examining the use of antacid drugs, incidence of gastroscopy and abdominal surgery. Sixty patients responded (66%, mean age 45 years, 46 male) and were included. Thereafter, 600 age and sex-matched controls were sent the same question-naires. 132 responded (22%, 90 male) and were includes as controls. Results: No significant differences could be found in any of the examined parameters when looking at the whole material or the male patients. Female patients had higher PAGI-SYM-scores for post prandial fullness (mean 1.11 vs 0.43, P = 0.035) and heartburn (mean 0.59 vs 0.14, P = 0.043) when compared to controls. Conclusions: The present study shows that most patients operated for pyloric stenosis during infancy experience no negative effects into adulthood. The finding in the female patient group is interesting but is unlikely to have any clinical implications. The results from this study strongly implicate that there is no need for follow up of patients into adulthood.Level of evidence: Level III