YIELD OF NITRATE ACCUMULATIONS IN SPINACH (SPINACIA OLRACEA L.), WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

Spinach production is based on a conventional cultivation system. This form of cultivation, due to excessive use of mineral fertilizers, pesticides and other inputs in production, can lead to an unbalanced relation and disruption of natural processes in the soil. Due to this fact, various spinach fertilization systems are being examined in order to ensure health value and environmental protection. A two-factorial (locality and fertilization) one-year study was conducted by random block schedule in four replications. The study examined the influence of different localities (Krizevci in Croatia and Velika Kladusa in Bosnia and Herzegovina) and fertilization systems (mineral, reduced mineral and organic) on yields and nitrate concentrations, as well as the amount of vitamin C in the spinach variety Norvak. Analysis of variance indicates a high and statistically justified (P < 0.05) influence of localities and fertilization on height, spinach yield and nitrate concentration. Due to economic and environmental justification, a reduced mineral fertilization system should be applied in further practice, because the obtained yield and yield components do not differ statistically from those obtained using mineral fertilization, and benefits are multiple (better product quality and less environmental pollution).   Key words: mineral, organic fertilization, quality, reduced mineral, spinach, yiel

INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIZATION ON THE SOIL PROPERTIES DEVELOPED ON SILICATE SUBSTRATES IN THE WESTERN PART OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

This paper analyzes the natural and anthropogenized soils on silicate substrates in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of the research is to evaluate the impact of anthropogenization on these soils, using a method of comparing physical and chemical properties. The research was conducted in four locations in Bosanska Krajina by examining the following soil subgroups of Dystric Cambisol: Acidic brown soil on micaschist at site Šabići; Acidic brown soil on schist (Dystric Cambisol) at site Donja Lučka; Acidic brown soil on shales, site Jusufovići; Acidic brown soil on sandstone, site Baštra. In each of these sites, two profiles were opened; one on natural soil and others on anthropogenic - arable land, while the samples were taken in the profile on the horizon. We analyzed the following indicators of soil quality: soil organic matter content, pH, content of available forms of P2O5 and K2O, analysis of soil adsorption complex by Kappen method. The aim of the research is to determine differences in some soil properties between anthropogenic and corresponding soils under natural forest or meadow. By comparing the sample results of the analysis from the horizons of natural and cultivated soils, it was concluded that the proper application of agro-technical measures and agro-ameliorative measurements generally did not cause negative effects on the properties of these soils, and often showed a positive impact

JAPANESE KNOTWEED (REYNOUTRIA JAPONICA) AS A PHYTOREMEDIATOR OF HEAVY METALS

Recently, plant remediation techniques - phytoremediation - have been developed. Japanese Knotweed (Reynoutria japonica), is an invasive species with negative impacts on the environment and the economy. In order to assess the tolerance of highly invasive weeds to heavy metals, an experiment was conducted in which this plant was grown in control soil and in soils contaminated with different concentrations of Pb, Cd. The content of heavy metals in the soil did not eliminate the ability of Reynoutria japonica roots to regenerate. In soil contaminated with any concentration of Pb, the shoots of this plant grew at a similar rate as the control plants, and had the same morphological characteristics. Higher concentrations of cadmium and lead Cd (100, 200 mgkg-1), Pb (2000 mgkg-1) have extended rhizome regeneration compared to control plants. In soils contaminated with lower concentrations of Cd or Pb shoots grew at a similar rate as control plants. Chemical analysis of heavy metal content showed that this weed accumulated large amounts of metals when grown in soil contaminated with heavy metals A relatively high intake of Cd, aboveground plants. At a cadmium concentration of 100 mg kg-1, more than 537 times the amount of cadmium accumulated in the aboveground part of the plant, as opposed to that in control. The ability of Japanese Knotweed (Reynoutria japonica), to regenerate from parts of the rhizome, to grow and develop under stressful conditions in the presence of heavy metals indicates a high tolerance to heavy metals. Key words: Japanese Knotweed (Reynoutria japonica), phytoremediation, heavy metal accumulatio

The potential of corn (Zea Mays) for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals

Heavy metal pollution is a significant environmental problem and has a negative impact on human health and agriculture. Phytoremediation has recently emerged as an efficient heavy metal remediation technology. To examine the phytoremediation potential, an experiment was conducted, where the influence of high and low concentrations of heavy metals, lead, cadmium and zinc (Pb, Cd and Zn) on the phenological characteristics of corn (Zea mays), as well as their accumulation in the underground and aboveground part was monitored. The experiment was carried out in outdoor conditions in pots in which corn was planted and the soil was contaminated with heavy metals in concentrations below and above the maximum allowable concentration prescribed by the Ordinance. The experiment lasted 45 days. By processing the results, statistically significant differences in plant development were determined.The highest concentration of Zn was recorded in the aboveground part of the plant, the stem in the amount of 24.443 mg/kg, and the lowest concentration in the leaf 0.216 mg/kg. The highest concentrations of Cd and Pb were recorded in the root, for lead 26.610 mg/kg and in the stem for cadmium 30.490 mg/kg, which is a statistically significantly higher established value compared to other parts of the plant

With food to health : proceedings of 11th International symposium

Proceedings contains 13 original scientific papers, 10 professional papers and 2 review papers which were presented at "10th International Scientific and Professional Conference WITH FOOD TO HEALTH", organised in following sections: Nutrition, Dietetics and diet therapy, Functional food and food supplemnents, Food safety, Food analysis, Production of safe food and food with added nutritional value

Efikasnost fungicida za tretiranje semena u suzbijanju Tilletia tritici na području severozapadne Bosne

The results of a two-years investigation of the efficacy of fungicides used for seed treatments of the winter wheat variety Zlatka against T. tritici are presented. The following fungicides designed for seed disinfection were used: Dividend 030 FS, Vitavax 200 FF, Raxil 060 FS, Panoctine 350 IS. All of the tested fungicides were found to be highly effective, the top efficacy being archived by Dividend 030 FS, followed by Vitavax 200 FF (99.99%), Raxil 060 FS (99.98%), and Panoctine 350 (99.96%). Such high efficacy shows that it would be desirable to increase the use of these wheat seed disinfectants in North-Western Bosnia. Wheat yields were found to increase 15.5 - 26.3% in 2003 and 15.6 - 28.9% in 2004, compared to control. The differences in yields, in relation to control, were statistically significant, while the effect of fungicide treatments on weight per thousand kernels and hectolitre mass of seeds was not statistically significant.Prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja efikasnosti fungicida za tretiranje semena pšenice pre-ma T. tritici na sorti Zlatka. Ispitivani su sledeći fungicidi (preparati): Dividend 030, Vitavax 20 FF, Raxil 060 FS, Panoctine 350 LS. Svi ispitivani preparati ispoljili su visok stepen efikasnosti prema ovoj gljivi. Najefikasniji je bio preparat Dividend 030FS (100%), zatim Vitavax 20 FF (99.99%), Raxil 060 FS i Panoctine 350 LS (99.96%). Između tretmana fungicidima i prinosa utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike. Zbog visokog stepena efikasnosti ove fungicide bi trebalo koristiti za suzbijanje T. tritici na prostorima severozapadne Bosne. Povećanje prinosa u odnosu na kontrolu u 2003. godini kretalo se u granicama 15.5-26.3%, a u 2004. godini 15.6-28.9%