Model reduction in the physical coordinate system

In the dynamics modeling of a flexible structure, finite element analysis employs reduction techniques, such as Guyan's reduction, to remove some of the insignificant physical coordinates, thus producing a dynamics model that has smaller mass and stiffness matrices. But this reduction is limited in the sense that it removes certain degrees of freedom at a node points themselves in the model. From the standpoint of linear control design, the resultant model is still too large despite the reduction. Thus, some form of the model reduction is frequently used in control design by approximating a large dynamical system with a fewer number of state variables. However, a problem arises from the placement of sensors and actuators in the reduced model, because a model usually undergoes, before being reduced, some form of coordinate transformations that do not preserve the physical meanings of the states. To correct such a problem, a method is developed that expresses a reduced model in terms of a subset of the original states. The proposed method starts with a dynamic model that is originated and reduced in finite element analysis. Then the model is converted to the state space form, and reduced again by the internal balancing method. At this point, being in the balanced coordinate system, the states in the reduced model have no apparent resemblance to those of the original model. Through another coordinate transformation that is developed, however, this reduced model is expressed by a subset of the original states

Wnt7b can replace Ihh to induce hypertrophic cartilage vascularization but not osteoblast differentiation during endochondral bone development

Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is an essential signal that regulates endochondral bone development. We have previously shown that Wnt7b promotes osteoblast differentiation during mouse embryogenesis, and that its expression in the perichondrium is dependent on Ihh signaling. To test the hypothesis that Wnt7b may mediate some aspects of Ihh function during endochondral bone development, we activated Wnt7b expression from the R26-Wnt7b allele with Col2-Cre in the Ihh(−/−) mouse. Artificial expression of Wnt7b rescued vascularization of the hypertrophic cartilage in the Ihh(−/−) mouse, but failed to restore orthotopic osteoblast differentiation in the perichondrium. Similarly, Wnt7b did not recover Ihh-dependent perichondral bone formation in the Ihh(−/−); Gli3(−/−) embryo. Interestingly, Wnt7b induced bone formation at the diaphyseal region of long bones in the absence of Ihh, possibly due to increased vascularization in the area. Thus, Ihh-dependent expression of Wnt7b in the perichondrium may contribute to vascularization of the hypertrophic cartilage during endochondral bone development

Indian hedgehog requires additional effectors besides Runx2 to induce osteoblast differentiation

AbstractIndian hedgehog (Ihh) is indispensable for osteoblast differentiation during embryonic development of the endochondral skeleton. In the absence of Ihh, cells of the osteoblast lineage fail to activate the expression of Runx2, a transcription factor integral to osteoblast differentiation. However, it is hitherto unclear whether the lack of Runx2 expression is solely responsible for the failure of osteoblast formation in Ihh-null embryos. Here, by creating a mouse allele that expresses Runx2 in a Cre-dependent manner, we show that force-expression of Runx2 in the skeletogenic cells restores bone formation in the Runx2-null, but not in the Ihh-null embryo. Thus, the mechanism through which Ihh induces osteoblast differentiation requires other effectors in addition to Runx2

STRATEGI PEMASARAN DIGITALUNTUK MENCAPAI KEUNGGULAN BERSAING PADA UKM “INKME.LAB”

Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah untuk menganalisis strategi pemasaran yang dapat membantu UKM “Inkme.lab” dalam mengembangkan usahanya dalam rangka mencapai keunggulan bersaing. Penilitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini melalui observasi internal dan eksternal dan perbandingan dengan kompetitor, juga melalui kuesioner mengenai penggunaan media sosial dan ketertarikan konsumen. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah penjualan produk inovatif Inkme.lab yaitu Fruit Ink Tattoo menjadi yang penjualan terbesar. Perusahaan memiliki delapan karyawan part-time dalam tiga divisi: Digital Marketing, Packaging, dan Live Streamer, dengan lingkungan kerja positif dan kerjasama tim yang baik. Inkme.lab menyediakan fasilitas penunjang pekerjaan. Dalam analisis pemasaran, Inkme.lab mencapai keunggulan melalui konten menarik, penjualan melalui Tiktokshop, dan fokus pada produk dengan nilai-nilai emosional yang relevan. Namun Inkme.lab disarankan untuk meningkatkan penjualan dan meningkatkan kegiatan promosi di Instagram untuk mendiversifikasi platform dan meningkatkan brand awareness. Serta membuka toko fisik dan berpartisipasi dalam bazar untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen dan memperkuat citra merek melalui interaksi langsung dengan konsumen

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS-DERIVED VOLATILE FATTY ACID PLATFORM

The typical biorefinery platforms are sugar, thermochemical (syngas), carbon-rich chains, and biogas platform. The sugar platform uses hexose and pentose sugars extracted or converted from plant body. The thermochemical (syngas) platform is chemical or biological conversion process using pyrolysis or gasification of plant to produce biofuels. The carbon-rich chains platform is used to produce biodiesel from long-chain fatty acids or glycerides. Those platforms have unique advantages and disadvantages. Our group has concentrated on the biogas platform producing methane gas from municipal solid wastes through anaerobic digestion (AD) processs, which is composed of rapid acidogenesis and slow methanogenesis. This acidogenic and methanogenic process is widely used for biogas production form the treatment of wetted waste materials (foodwastes, sludge, and manure) in the worldwide. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are short-chain fatty acids composed of mainly acetate and butyrate, and easily produced from non-woody biomass with low lignin content in acidogenesis step by the natural consortia of mixed anaerobic bacteria. And then it is slowly converted to biogas (methane, CO2) by methanogenic bacteria naturally. Now, we would like to suggest a new platform using VFAs for biofuel and biochemicals production, because the VFAs can be produced form a cost-effective way using AD process that does not need sterilization, additional hydrolysis enzymes (cellulase and xylanase) and high cost pretreatment step in case of low-lignin content biomass. Considering that raw material alone constitutes 60-80% of biofuel production costs, biofuels made from the VFAs derived from the waste organic biomass can have a potential of economical advantage. A problem is how to convert VFAs to biofuels and biochemicals. In the presentation, we will give possible solutions in order to produce bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, and biohydrogen as well as biogas through biological or chemical processes. And we will introduce our ongoing researches related with the VFA platfor

Independent regulation of skeletal growth by Ihh and IGF signaling

AbstractThe insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play a major role in regulating the systemic growth of mammals. However, it is unclear to what extent their systemic and/or local functions act in concert with other local growth factors controlling the sizes of individual organs. We have specifically addressed whether growth control of the skeleton by IGFs interacts genetically with that by Indian hedgehog (Ihh), a locally produced growth signal for the endochondral skeleton. Here, we report that disruption of both IGF and Ihh signaling resulted in additive reduction in the size of the embryonic skeleton. Thus, IGF and Ihh signaling appear to control the growth of the skeleton in parallel pathways

Freshman Recital: Kahauri Givens, Cello; Joe Brackmann, Cello; Younhee Choi, Piano; Joohee Joeng, Piano; April 2, 2023

Kemp Recital HallApril 2, 2023Sunday Afternoon4:30 p.m

Finding the reconstructions of semiconductor surfaces via a genetic algorithm

In this article we show that the reconstructions of semiconductor surfaces can be determined using a genetic procedure. Coupled with highly optimized interatomic potentials, the present approach represents an efficient tool for finding and sorting good structural candidates for further electronic structure calculations and comparison with scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) images. We illustrate the method for the case of Si(105), and build a database of structures that includes the previously found low-energy models, as well as a number of novel configurations.Comment: 4 figures, 1 tabl

Selection of high berberine yielding phellodendron insulare nak. lines and the antimicrobial activity of their extracts

High berberine yielding Phellodendron insulare Nak. lines were selected by aggregate cloning method and the antimicrobial activity of their extracts was assessed. The berberine producing cork tree lines were selected by adopting a colorimetric method. In all 300 high berberine producing lines were selected with a colorimetric reagent containing 5M HCl and H2O2 and established from dissociated cell aggregates. The crude extracts from these lines showed antibacterial activities against tested Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimulium, and Listeria monocytogenes. The cork tree extracts were found to be inhibitory to these test organisms. Further the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was on par with the berberine isolated from the extracts from native cork trees. These results have potential for developing alternative plant products as antimicrobial substances for application in agriculture and food industry

Matchbox practice

Abstract not availabl