Global Trade Reforms and Income Distribution in Developing Countries

This paper examines the effects of trade and domestic agricultural policy reforms on the distribution of incomes in six developing countries: Brazil, China, India, Malawi, Mexico and South Africa. The aggregate results from a global trade model are fed into separate national models. The insights available from alternative model types are evaluated. The distributional impacts of reform are found to be complex and to vary between countries. Given that it is typically impossible to reform (or equally not reform) without hurting some households with lower incomes, the conclusion is that it makes sense to help these households with targeted policies.trade reform, liberalisation, agriculture, income distribution, poverty, general equilibrium, Financial Economics, International Relations/Trade,

PENGARUH LATIHAN PIRAMID SET DAN SUPER SET PADA STATUS BODY MASS INDEKS TERHADAP PENURUNAN LEMAK DAN PENAMBAHAN MASSA OTOT

ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE OF PYRAMID SET AND SUPER SET TRAINING MODELS IN BODY MASS INDES (BMI) STATUS ON THE REDUCTION OF BODY FAT AND ADDITION OF MUSCLE MASS The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the effect of the exercise model that is Piramid set T and Super Set on members who have ideal and not ideal BMI levels on Body Fat and hipertrofi muchel. Experimental method with 2x2 factorial design. The sample of this research is 20 people, 10 men and 8 women. The sampling technique uses a random assignment sampling technique on UKM IBAFF UPI members in Bandung. Data collection in this study used Karada Scan Body Composition. Data analysis using SPSS version 21 with hypothesis testing through Two Way Anova. The results of the analysis and calculation of the data revealed that the weight training exercise model affected the reduction in fat loss body, the interaction between the training model and BMI ideal and BMI not Ideal of the exercise towards the reduction in body fat, the Super set model was better used than the piramid set training model in the BMI Ideal group for the reduction body fat and both weight training models have a similar or equal effect on decreasing body fat in the BMI not ideal group. The conclusion of this study is that the pyramid set model is better used for the BMI ideal group, whereas for the BMI not ideal group can use both of these exercise models to reduce body fat percentage. key words: Weight Training Exercise Model, Piramid set, Super Set, Body Fat, mass Muscel, Body Mass Index

Using action research to design and evaluate sustained and inclusive engagement to improve children’s knowledge and perception of STEM careers

Previous research suggests that early experience of and exposure to the world of work is an important predictor of a child’s future involvement in a STEM career. Many interventions have focused on those in secondary education age 11 years and above. Far fewer interventions have explored the impact of STEM outreach engagements among younger age groups. This study investigates the impact of a project that delivered career-driven STEM interventions on young children’s (7–10 years old) career knowledge and perceptions over time. Using an action research approach, this study outlines 10 distinct features for designing child-centred STEM interventions. These were delivered in 6 primary schools across North-East England over a 2-year period. A STEM Career Knowledge and Aspirations Tool was used to collect data to evaluate the impact of these interventions. Children sorted 30 job cards (mix of STEM and non-STEM) into jobs they knew, and also into jobs they would like to do. Baseline data and follow up data were collected in 2015 (n = 352) and 2017 (n = 356). Data analysis suggests the sustained interventions had a particularly positive effect on girls. In 2015 prior to the interventions, girls were significantly less likely than boys to know the following STEM jobs: surveyor, technician and game tester. In 2017, following the sustained intervention, there was no significant difference between boys and girls. Furthermore, one of the STEM jobs, Engineer, showed the greatest increase in the percentage of boys and girls that wanted to do it in 2017 compared to 2015

Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl citrate and norfentanyl in Holstein calves and effect of analytical performances on fentanyl parameter estimation

This study describes the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered (i.v.) fentanyl citrate, and its primary metabolite norfentanyl in Holstein calves. Eight calves (58.6 ± 2.2 kg), aged 3–4 weeks, were administered fentanyl citrate at a single dose of 5.0 μg/kg i.v. Blood samples were collected from 0 to 24 hr. Plasma (nor)fentanyl concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.03 ng/ml. To explore the effect of analytical performance on fentanyl parameter estimation, the noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was then repeated with a hypothetical LLOQ value of 0.05 ng/ml. Terminal elimination half‐life was estimated at 12.7 and 3.6 hr for fentanyl and norfentanyl, respectively. For fentanyl, systemic clearance was estimated at 2.0 L hr−1 kg−1, volume of distribution at steady‐state was 24.8 L/kg and extraction ratio was 0.42. At a hypothetical LLOQ of 0.05 ng/ml fentanyl half‐life, volume of distribution at steady‐state and clearance were, respectively, of 3.0 hr, 8.8 L/kg and 3.4 L kg−1 hr−1. Fentanyl citrate administered i.v. at 5.0 μg/kg can reach levels associated with analgesia in other species. Pharmacokinetic parameters should be interpreted with respect to LLOQ, as lower limits can influence estimated parameters, such as elimination half‐life or systemic clearance and have significant impact on dosage regimen selection in clinical practice

Towards verifying correctness of wireless sensor network applications using Insense and Spin

The design and implementation of wireless sensor network applications often require domain experts, who may lack expertise in software engineering, to produce resource-constrained, concurrent, real-time software without the support of high-level software engineering facilities. The Insense language aims to address this mismatch by allowing the complexities of synchronisation, memory management and event-driven programming to be borne by the language implementation rather than by the programmer. The main contribution of this paper is all initial step towards verifying the correctness of WSN applications with a focus on concurrency. We model part of the synchronisation mechanism of the Insense language implementation using Promela constructs and verify its correctness using SPIN. We demonstrate how a previously published version of the mechanism is shown to be incorrect by SPIN, and give complete verification results for the revised mechanism.Preprin

Estimation under group actions: recovering orbits from invariants

Motivated by geometric problems in signal processing, computer vision, and structural biology, we study a class of orbit recovery problems where we observe very noisy copies of an unknown signal, each acted upon by a random element of some group (such as Z/p or SO(3)). The goal is to recover the orbit of the signal under the group action in the high-noise regime. This generalizes problems of interest such as multi-reference alignment (MRA) and the reconstruction problem in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). We obtain matching lower and upper bounds on the sample complexity of these problems in high generality, showing that the statistical difficulty is intricately determined by the invariant theory of the underlying symmetry group. In particular, we determine that for cryo-EM with noise variance $\sigma^2$ and uniform viewing directions, the number of samples required scales as $\sigma^6$. We match this bound with a novel algorithm for ab initio reconstruction in cryo-EM, based on invariant features of degree at most 3. We further discuss how to recover multiple molecular structures from heterogeneous cryo-EM samples.Comment: 54 pages. This version contains a number of new result

Identifying and Managing Foliar Fungal Diseases of Soybean

Foliar fungal diseases may cause significant yield losses in South Carolina soybeans. Optimal management of foliar diseases in soybeans is dependent upon accurate identification. This fact sheet is designed as a quick reference for the identification of the most common foliar soybean diseases in South Carolina. The target audience of this publication is South Carolina soybean farmers and others involved in the production of soybeans

Imperialism and Financialism: An Exchange

capital dependency finance hegemony imperialism Marxism monopoly world systemsAn exchange of letters between Joe Francis and Shimshon Bichler and Jonathan Nitzan. The exchange concerns ‘Imperialism and Financialism: A Story of a Nexus’, an article that Bichler and Nitzan posted in September 2009