Learning Non-robustness using Simulation-based Testing: a Network Traffic-shaping Case Study

An input to a system reveals a non-robust behaviour when, by making a small change in the input, the output of the system changes from acceptable (passing) to unacceptable (failing) or vice versa. Identifying inputs that lead to non-robust behaviours is important for many types of systems, e.g., cyber-physical and network systems, whose inputs are prone to perturbations. In this paper, we propose an approach that combines simulation-based testing with regression tree models to generate value ranges for inputs in response to which a system is likely to exhibit non-robust behaviours. We apply our approach to a network traffic-shaping system (NTSS) -- a novel case study from the network domain. In this case study, developed and conducted in collaboration with a network solutions provider, RabbitRun Technologies, input ranges that lead to non-robustness are of interest as a way to identify and mitigate network quality-of-service issues. We demonstrate that our approach accurately characterizes non-robust test inputs of NTSS by achieving a precision of 84% and a recall of 100%, significantly outperforming a standard baseline. In addition, we show that there is no statistically significant difference between the results obtained from our simulated testbed and a hardware testbed with identical configurations. Finally we describe lessons learned from our industrial collaboration, offering insights about how simulation helps discover unknown and undocumented behaviours as well as a new perspective on using non-robustness as a measure for system re-configuration.Comment: This paper is accepted at the 16th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST 2023

Production characterization of aromatics compounds from (Alfola) crude oil

تتناول هذه الدراسة مقترح لإنتاج وفصل المركبات العطرية ( البنزين , التولوين , الزايلين ) حيث تستخرج هذه المركبات من الإصلاح الحفزي للنافثا مع البلاتين في درجات الحرارة العالية حيث ينتج خليط من المركبات العطرية ويتم فصل كل مركب على حده. وتتناول ايضاً اهميتها الإقتصادية ودورها في مجال الصناعة وتأثير هذه المركبات على الإنسان والبيئة

Evaluating Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Ventilation Treatment of Patients with COVID-19: A Review

The prevalence of COVID-19 in the world is rapidly increasing. Although some patients show mild symptoms of the virus, some others need special care due to the exacerbation of the disease. Therefore, invasive treatments are needed to treat these patients. Data were collected from PubMed and Google scholars at various time points up to the 2020 academic year. The related keywords are listed as follows: "COVID-19", "Treatment", "Pathogenesis", and "Lung disorder". Studies have shown that although the use of ECMO and ventilation can provide oxygen to patients and improve their clinical status; these procedures can lead to the activation of inflammatory responses and the activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Inflammation and activation of the renin-angiotensin system are among the weak prognoses for COVID-19-infected patients. ECMO and ventilation treatment procedures are like double-edged swords, and monitoring patients during treatment is essential to prevent renin-angiotensin activation. *Corresponding Author: Zahra Gatavizadeh; Email: [email protected] Please cite this article as: Hybar H, Samimi A, Maniati M, Jodat J, Gatavizadeh Z. Evaluating Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Ventilation Treatment of Patients with COVID-19: A Review. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2020;6:1-6 (e16). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v6.3355

A 3D-printed hybrid nasal cartilage with functional electronic olfaction

Advances in biomanufacturing techniques have opened the doors to recapitulate human sensory organs such as the nose and ear in vitro with adequate levels of functionality. Such advancements have enabled simultaneous targeting of two challenges in engineered sensory organs, especially the nose: i) mechanically robust reconstruction of the nasal cartilage with high precision and ii) replication of the nose functionality: odor perception. Hybrid nasal organs can be equipped with remarkable capabilities such as augmented olfactory perception. Herein, a proof-of-concept for an odor-perceptive nose-like hybrid, which is composed of a mechanically robust cartilage-like construct and a biocompatible biosensing platform, is proposed. Specifically, 3D cartilage-like tissue constructs are created by multi-material 3D bioprinting using mechanically tunable chondrocyte-laden bioinks. In addition, by optimizing the composition of stiff and soft bioinks in macro-scale printed constructs, the competence of this system in providing improved viability and recapitulation of chondrocyte cell behavior in mechanically robust 3D constructs is demonstrated. Furthermore, the engineered cartilage-like tissue construct is integrated with an electrochemical biosensing system to bring functional olfactory sensations toward multiple specific airway disease biomarkers, explosives, and toxins under biocompatible conditions. Proposed hybrid constructs can lay the groundwork for functional bionic interfaces and humanoid cyborgs7

Modulation of inflammation by anti-TNF α mAb-dendrimer nanoparticles loaded in tyramine-modified gellan gum hydrogels in a cartilage-on-a-chip model

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by joint inflammation. Since the inflammatory condition plays an important role in the disease process, it is important to develop and test new therapeutic approaches that specifically target and treat joint inflammation. In this study, a human 3D inflammatory cartilage-on-a-chip model was established to test the therapeutic efficacy of anti-TNFα mAb-CS/PAMAM dendrimer NPs loaded-Tyramine-Gellan Gum in the treatment of inflammation. The results showed that the proposed therapeutic approach applied to the human monocyte cell line (THP-1) and human chondrogenic primary cells (hCH) cell-based inflammation system revealed an anti-inflammatory capacity that increased over 14 days. It was also possible to observe that Coll type II was highly expressed by inflamed hCH upon the culture with anti-TNF α mAb-CS/PAMAM dendrimer NPs, indicating that the hCH cells were able maintain their biological function. The developed preclinical model allowed us to provide more robust data on the potential therapeutic effect of anti-TNF α mAb-CS/PAMAM dendrimer NPs loaded-Ty-GG hydrogel in a physiologically relevant model.The authors thank the financial support under the Norte2020 project (NORTE-08-5369-FSE000044). M. R. C. acknowledges TERM RES Hub Ref. Norte-01-0145-FEDER-02219015 working contract. D. C. F. acknowledges Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for his phD scholarship (PD/ BD/143081/2018) and F. R. M. for her contract under the Transitional Rule DL 57/2016 (CTTI-57/18-I3BS(5)). C. M. A., D. C. V. and S. C. K. thank the support of FCT (PTDC/BTM-ORG/ 28070/2017). D. C. V acknowledges the CEEC individual contract (CEECIND/00352/2017). S. C. K wishes to record the financial support from EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 on FoReCaST under grant agreement no. 668983 and BREAST-IT FCT-Portugal project (PTDC/BTM-ORG/ 28168/2017). The FCT distinction attributed to J. M. O. under the Investigator FCT program (number IF/01285/2015) is also greatly acknowledge

Respiratory System Dynamics: A Simulation of Respiratory Mechanics

The reason for making a simulation of this type is to try to unify the available knowledge on the structure and function of the physiological system under study. It is hoped that by bringing into focus the important parameters and interrelationships of the system the simulation will serve to direct the course of future experimentation. Interest in this project was created by the work of Horgan and Lang (1) (2) who have produced a simulation of the chemical control aspects of the human respiratory system. Their treatment of the problem uses ventilation rates, which is a time averaged measure of lung volume exchanges, as a basic variable. With respect to their work, the purpose of this investigation would be twofold. First, it would enable their model to be tested on an instantaneous or discrete breath by breath basis. Second, it would introduce mechanical parameters into their model and thereby bring together the chemical and mechanical dynamics to produce a more realistic simulation. This investigation also has a purpose in its own right. In the medical literature of past and present, there are numerous accounts dealing either with the measurement of a specific physical parameter or the qualitative description of a theory of operation. Unfortunately, much less has been accomplished in assessing a parameter\u27s influence on the system of which it is a part. It is of great importance to know how the operation of a system as a whole is affected by a change in one of its parameters. In order to investigate these relationships, the system, which is composed of various parts, must be studied as a whole. In the light of this, the purpose of this investigation can be restated as the production of a mathematical simulation of the mechanics of the human respiratory system based not only on the present knowledge of the various respiratory structures but also on the available knowledge of structure interrelationships

Artificial neural networks in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

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