piRNAs, un nuevo campo de biomarcadores en cáncer

Los piRNA son secuencias de 24 a 32 nucleótidos asociados a proteínas piwi de la familia argonauta, la cual posee propiedad endonucleasa. Son sintetizados a partir de regiones intergénicas repetitivas y su principal función es el silenciamiento de transposones, sin embargo, se ha encontrado que su descontrol esta asociado con el desarrollo de diversos tipos de cancer. Varios piRNAs han sido propuestos como biomarcadores del desarrollo tumoral, sin embargo no en todos los tipos de cancer han sido estudiados, investigaciones recientes muestran que cancer de mama y cancer gástrico son lo que encabezan la lista con un mayor número de publicaciones. Por lo que el presente trabajo se centra en conocer los piRNAs de mayor relevancia en tipos específicos de cáncer, con la finalidad de que se promueva su análisis en aquellos cánceres poco estudiados o que predominan epidemiológicamente en ciertas poblaciones

A study on the application of the student centered learning approach in the methodological axis courses of the English teaching major offered by the Foreign Language Department of the University of El Salvador during semesters I and II in the year 2018

This descriptive research emerged from an academic change promoted by the authorities of the University of El Salvador pleading for the use of the Student Centered Learning Approach, in that sense the present study attempted to reach a better understanding if that approach is being applied or not. This research was also motivated by the information provided in the educational model which looks to improve its education.This study was placed in the School of Arts and Sciences at the Foreing Language Department specially in the Methodological Axis Courses from the English Teaching Major, during semesters I and II through the year 2018. The instruments to collect data involved observations, interviews and surveys. In addition, the results suggested that even though this approach is not entirely applied, there are many attributes of the Student Centered Learning Approach that are being applied by the professors to help the students acquire the knowledge in the Methodological Axis Courses at the Foreign Language Department. Besides, this research pretends to be a contribution to the process that the Curricular Committee of the Foreign Languages Department is carrying out in the attempt to change the current currila design

Behavior of flow measurements in a straight pipe

Accurate measurement is of paramount importance when dealing with precious liquids, as is the case of water. In irrigation, for example, where concessions are granted, accurate measurement is essential for balancing money paid by users with the necessary care that water needs. Manufacturers of meters recommend straight pipe sections before and after the meter for good measurement. However, sometimes there is not enough space for those sections. As a result, measurements are not accurate. In this paper, by statistically analyzing lab data, we get a general view of the errors that may occur.Carreño Alvarado, EP.; Pedroza González, E.; Pérez García, R.; Izquierdo Sebastián, J. (2014). Behavior of flow measurements in a straight pipe. International Journal of Complex Systems in Science. 4(1):31-34. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/59704S31344

La paleodieta de cinco especies de mamíferos herbívoros rancholabreanos de valsequillo (Puebla, México)

Through the use of the 13C/12C and 18O/16O isotopic relationships found at enamel and osteodentine, here it is inferred the diet and preferred habitat in which five extinct herbivore species from the Late Pleistocene of Valsequillo, Puebla, México. The horses, mammoths, and sloths showed a diet mainly based in C4, meanwhile the capybaraand gomphotheres were mixed C3/C4 feeders. The vegetation in which those animals lived was open with some trees, similar to the one proposed in other studies based in some macromammals species found in the locality.Usando las relaciones isotópicas de 13C/12C y 18O/16O presentes en el esmalte y la osteodentina, se infirió la dieta y el ambiente en el cual vivieron cinco especies extintas de herbívoros procedentes del Pleistoceno Tardío de Valsequillo, Puebla, México. Los caballos, los mamutes y el perezoso mostraban una dieta basada exclusivamente en plantas C4, mientras que el carpincho y los gonfoterios exhibían una dieta mixta C3/C4. El tipo de vegetación en el cual estos animales habitaron fue abierto con poca cobertura arbórea, misma que ha sido propuesta en otros estudios usando la presencia de algunas especies de micromamíferos encontradosen la zona

Feeding habits and habitat of herbivorous mammals from the Early–Late Hemphillian (Miocene) of Costa Rica

Carbon and oxygen stable isotope values in the dental enamel of fossils were used to infer the diet and habitat of the extinct equids Calippus hondurensis, Dinohippus mexicanus, and Protohippus gidleyi, the gomphothere Gomphotherium hondurensis, and the llama Hemiauchenia vera of the Early–Late Hemphillian (Hh2) from San Gerardo de Limoncito, Puntarenas province, Costa Rica. The results suggest that these mammals fed mainly on C3 plants and lived in clearings of rainforests. This contrasts with previous studies from North America that indicated that the same species lived in forest savannas and fed mainly on C4 plants, but it is similar to the results obtained from the palynological record of the area, as well as with several vegetation models suggesting the presence of humid tropical forest during the Miocene in Central America

Las redes como dispositivos para la gestión educativa en Iberoamérica

La presente aportación se focaliza en cómo el trabajo en red puede ayudar a mejorar la organización y gestión de los centros educativos. Presenta referentes normativos pero también identifica redes centradas en la gestión y pone ejemplos de alguna de ellas. Recoge las aportaciones de 36 especialistas, que han elaborado los informes de 11 países iberoamericanos

piRNAs, un nuevo campo de biomarcadores en cáncer

The piRNAs are sequences from 24 to 32 nucleotides associated with PIWI proteins from the Argonauta family, which possesses endonuclease holdings. They are synthesized from repetitive intergenic regions and their main function is the silencing of transposons, however, it has been found that its lack of control is associated with the development of various types of cancer. Several piRNAs have been associated as biomarkers of tumor development, however, It has not been studied in all types of cancer, recent investigations show that breast and gastric cancer are on top of the list with more publications related with piRNAs. Therefore, the present review focuses on knowing the most relevant piRNAs in specific types of cancer, in order to promote their analysis in the poorly studied cancer or that predominate epidemiologically in certain populations.Los piRNA son secuencias de 24 a 32 nucleótidos asociados a proteínas piwi de la familia argonauta, la cual posee propiedad endonucleasa. Son sintetizados a partir de regiones intergénicas repetitivas y su principal función es el silenciamiento de transposones, sin embargo, se ha encontrado que su descontrol esta asociado con el desarrollo de diversos tipos de cancer. Varios piRNAs han sido propuestos como biomarcadores del desarrollo tumoral, sin embargo no en todos los tipos de cancer han sido estudiados, investigaciones recientes muestran que cancer de mama y cancer gástrico son lo que encabezan la lista con un mayor número de publicaciones. Por lo que el presente trabajo se centra en conocer los piRNAs de mayor relevancia en tipos específicos de cáncer, con la finalidad de que se promueva su análisis en aquellos cánceres poco estudiados o que predominan epidemiológicamente en ciertas poblaciones

Identification of Buried Pipes Using Thermal Images and Data Mining

Knowledge of buried infrastructure is essential for management and decision-making in water utility companies. To pinpoint the benefits of thermography, a case study was conducted, namely, thermal images were taken under various conditions in a particular area containing a buried pipe. Thermal images were subsequently analysed, an image database supplemented with environmental data generated, and a data mining method applied. The results generated this way complement the raw images and reveal additional relationships regarding the visibility of the infrastructure, and the possibility of making promising improvements in infrastructure identification, which can be applied in subsequent work in other applications.Carreño Alvarado, EP.; Ayala Cabrera, D.; Pérez García, R.; Izquierdo Sebastián, J. (2014). Identification of Buried Pipes Using Thermal Images and Data Mining. Procedia Engineering. 89:1445-1451. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.471S144514518

Datos isotópicos (δ13C, δ18O) de la fauna pleistocénica de la Laguna de las Cruces, San Luis Potosí, México

Using bioegeochemical markers δ13C and δ18O, we determined the diet and habitat of three extinct mammals: Camelops hesternus, Equus sp. and Mammuthus columbi, found in Laguna de las Cruces (San Luis Potosi, Mexico). The statistical comparisons assayed among them showed that there are not differences in their diet since all of them may be classified as C3/C4 mixed feeders. Camelops hesternus used to have the major consumption of C4 plants, meanwhile Mammuthus columbi and Equus sp. ate more C3 plants. Those little differences in their feeding habits should explain their coexistence them at the site, that was a grassland with some trees, during Late Pleistocene.Por medio de los marcadores biogeoquimicos δ13C y δ18O, se determino la dieta y el habitat de tres mamiferos extintos, Camelops hesternus, Equus sp. y Mammuthus columbi encontrados en Laguna de las Cruces (San Luis Potosi, Mexico). Las comparaciones realizadas entre ellos indican que no existen diferencias en cuanto a su dieta, siendo clasificados como organismos con dieta mixta C3/C4. Camelops hesternus fue el que presento el mayor consumo de plantas C4, mientras que Mammuthus columbi y Equus sp. incluian mas plantas C3 en su dieta. Estas pequenas diferencias en su alimentacion explicarian su coexistencia en el sitio, el cual fue un pastizal con algunos arboles, durante el Pleistoceno Tardio