A PRODUÇÃO CAMPONESA EM FOCO: PASSOS METODOLÓGICOS PARA O CÁLCULO DE GRAVITAÇÃO ECONÔMICA

O artigo estuda a contribuição camponesa ao processo de desenvolvimento regional numa área amazônica, com especial ênfase ao chamado desenvolvimento endógeno e a teoria gravitacional econômica, relacionando diversos dados e indicadores socioeconômicos. Parte-se do pressuposto de que, apesar das possíveis interpretações de publicações oficiais e dos interesses envolvidos, a produção de origem camponesa apresenta uma participação relevante no espaço e no tempo, contribuindo positivamente para o processo de desenvolvimento socioeconômico da região estudada. O primeiro passo metodológico foi o de fazer um levantamento da mesorregião selecionada em números e relacionar estes dados de origem socioeconômica com a teoria gravitacional no processo de desenvolvimento regional. Em seguida foram encontrados os principais “pólos” (municípios de maior atratividade, a partir da análise das variáveis envolvidas). Os resultados obtidos foram agrupados em categorias de análise, construindo-se um perfil agregado dos municípios da mesorregião escolhida. As conclusões provisórias apontam para duas direções: a) “redescoberta” crítica do campesinato na Amazônia brasileira; b) necessidade de se reorganizar as políticas públicas na região estudada, com destaque para as atividades agropecuárias por conta de seu maior impacto econômico.----------------------The present work studies the peasant contribution to the process of regional development in an area of the State of Pará, with special emphasis to the call endogenous development and the theory economical gravitational, relating several data and socioeconomic indicators in Nordeste Paraense. There is presupposition that, in spite of the possible interpretations to the read texts, retired data of official publications and of the involved interests, origin farmer's production presents an important participation in the space and in the time, contributing positively to the process of socioeconomic development of the studied area. The temporary conclusions appear for two directions: the) to the “rediscovered” critic of the campesinato in the Amazonian Brazilian, in spite of the speech that looks for to condemn the activity farmer to the delay and the slow historical disappearance; b) to the need to reorganize the public politics in the studied area, with prominence for the agricultural activities due to your largest economical impact.Campesinato, Desenvolvimento Endógeno, Desenvolvimento Regional, Gravitação econômica, peasant, endogenous development, regional development, economical gravitational, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

DON RAMIRO ESTEVEZ 1928-1996

In Memoriam DON RAMIRO ESTEVEZ 1928-1996</p

ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA E CUSTOS DE PRODUÇÃO APLICADOS AOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO DE OVINOS

Conhecer as diferentes metodologias, classificações, composições dos custos e indicadores econômicos se torna primordial na gestão dos sistemas produtivos. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma revisão teórica sobre análise econômica e custos de produção, destacando as terminologias, etapas e composição dos custos, métodos de apropriação, indicadores econômicos e medidas de desempenho agrícola, além de exemplificar uma metodologia específica para a análise econômica da ovinocultura. Os custos de produção são variáveis desconhecidas pela imensa maioria dos produtores brasileiros. Sistema de custos é um conjunto de procedimentos administrativos que registra, de forma sistemática e contínua, a efetiva remuneração dos fatores de produção empregados no sistema produtivo. Os custos podem ser classificados quanto à sua natureza, à identificação material e à sua variação quantitativa. O desempenho econômico das propriedades agrícolas pode ser mensurado através do uso de indicadores econômicos, sendo eles: renda bruta total, margem bruta, renda operacional agrícola e margem líquida. Na produção ovina, além dos indicadores econômicos os valores referentes aos custos podem ser desmembrados em custos de produção unitários, sejam eles custos por quilograma de peso vivo, sejam custos por quilograma de lã. Os resultados de indicadores econômicos, indicadores produtivos e custos unitários de produção servirão para estimar a rentabilidade econômica da produção ovina, além de avaliar a viabilidade econômica em diferentes sistemas produtivos. Portanto, as ferramentas de gestão disponíveis na administração rural são fundamentais quando se busca aliar eficiência produtiva a eficiência econômica.-------------------------------------------------Knowing various methodologies, classifications, cost compositions and economic indicators has become primordial in system production management. Thus, the object of this paper is to present a theoretical review about economic analysis and production costs, highlighting terminology, stages and cost composition, appropriation methods, economic indicators and agricultural development measures, besides exemplifying a specific methodology for economic analysis of sheep production. Production costs are unknown variables by most of Brazilian farmers. The costs system is a group of administrative procedures that register, systematically and continuously, the effective remuneration of production factors that are applied in the production systems. Costs can be classified according to its nature, material identification and to its quantitative variation. Economic performance of the farms can be measured through economic indicators, being: total gross profit, gross profit margin, operational agricultural profit and net margin. In sheep production, besides the economic indicators and the values referent to costs can me separated into unitary production costs, by costs per liveweight kilogram or costs per kilogram of wool. The results of the economic indicators, production indicators and unitary production costs will be used to estimate sheep production economic profitability, and also to evaluate the economic viability in various production systems. Therefore, the management tools that are available in farm management are fundamental when looking for production and economic efficiency.Metodologia de custos, ovinocultura, viabilidade econômica, Cost methodology, economic viability, sheep production, Livestock Production/Industries,

ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DA OVINOCULTURA NA METADE SUL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL.

Com o objetivo verificar os principais centros de custos, os custos de produção e a rentabilidade da produção ovina na metade sul do Rio Grande do Sul foram realizados a análise econômica de sete produtores entre o período de agosto de 2006 a julho de 2007. Os dados mensais levantados consistem em todas as despesas, receitas e os valores referentes aos produtos consumidos nas propriedades. Também foram realizados os inventários patrimoniais para o cálculo de depreciação e evolução dos ativos físicos. Os custos foram segmentados em custos variáveis, custos fixos, custo operacional e custo total. Indicadores econômicos foram formulados a fim de verificar a rentabilidade da atividade. Os custos variáveis e os custos de oportunidade foram às categorias de custo que mais impactaram a formação do custo total. Dentro do custo operacional destaca-se o elevado custo com mão de obra, sendo o grupo de custo que mais onerou a produção ovina. A ovinocultura mostrou-se como uma atividade rentável quando verificados os indicadores de margem bruta e renda operacional agrícola. Entretanto, a margem líquida apresentou valores negativos em todas as propriedades analisadas. Os custos por quilograma de peso vivo variaram de R$0,86 a R$ 2,02 enquanto os custos por quilograma de lã variaram de R$1,58 a R$ 3,67. Constatou-se que o indicador desfrute de produção influencia diretamente os custos por quilograma de peso vivo.----------------------------------------------------The goal of this study is to examine the production costs and profitability of the sheep production system in the south of Rio Grande do Sul. The economic analysis included seven sheep farms throughout 12 months, between August of 2006 and July of 2007. Expenses, revenue and value of products consumed in the farm were measured monthly. Depreciation and physical assets were calculated based on patrimony balance. Costs were divided in variable costs, fixed costs, operational costs and total costs. Economic indicators were computed to evaluate sheep raising profitability. Results showed that variable and opportunity costs had the largest impact on total costs. In terms of operational costs, labor costs were the largest expense for sheep farms. Overall, sheep raising is a profitable activity, as indicated by positive gross margins and operational revenue indicators. However, net margins were negative across all farms included in the study. Costs per kilogram of live stock varied from R$0,86 to R$ 2,02, while the costs per kilogram of wool varied from R$1,58 to R$3,67. The production acquired is a variable that directly influences the costs per kilogram of live stock.custos de produção, ovinos, rentabilidade, production costs, sheep, profitability, Livestock Production/Industries,

Preliminary Experiments with XKaapi on Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor

International audienceThis paper presents preliminary performance comparisons of parallel applications developed natively for the Intel Xeon Phi accelerator using three different parallel programming environments and their associated runtime systems. We compare Intel OpenMP, Intel CilkPlus and XKaapi together on the same benchmark suite and we provide comparisons between an Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor and a Sandy Bridge Xeon-based machine. Our benchmark suite is composed of three computing kernels: a Fibonacci computation that allows to study the overhead and the scalability of the runtime system, a NQueens application generating irregular and dynamic tasks and a Cholesky factorization algorithm. We also compare the Cholesky factorization with the parallel algorithm provided by the Intel MKL library for Intel Xeon Phi. Performance evaluation shows our XKaapi data-flow parallel programming environment exposes the lowest overhead of all and is highly competitive with native OpenMP and CilkPlus environments on Xeon Phi. Moreover, the efficient handling of data-flow dependencies between tasks makes our XKaapi environment exhibit more parallelism for some applications such as the Cholesky factorization. In that case, we observe substantial gains with up to 180 hardware threads over the state of the art MKL, with a 47% performance increase for 60 hardware threads

Economical Evaluation through Gross Profit and Cash Flow in Different Beef Cattle Systems in Rio Grande Do Sul

Beef cattle production is suffering numerous difficulties in productive and economical terms in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Expanding new markets, competition with other meats, external competition through imported Mercosul beef, new growth and slaughter processes bring new challenges to the Brazilian livestock production. In the case of Rio Grande do Sul, another factor to be considered is the competition with Central States in the internal market. Meat prices received by farmers in the last years stayed constant, but prices of the main production inputs are still rising. This scenery brought continuous income decrease to the beef cattle farmers. As a result, many farmers are selling part of their lands or leaving beef cattle production. This paper aims to compare gross income and cash flows in three farms with different beef cattle systems during the years of 2003 and 2004, as well as analysing the cost percentage of different inputs necessary to the production systems. The farms are located in different regions: Campanha, Depressão Central and Fronteira Oeste, representing important agricultural production regions in the in Rio Grande do Sul state. The results show that without technological modernisation in beef cattle production systems and integration with agriculture, it becomes difficult to remunerate all the production factors. Planning allows a better income distribution, reducing the months of negative cash flow. However, the low profit per area demonstrates the gravity of the economical situation of beef cattle farmers in Rio Grande do Sul.beef cattle systems, gross profit, cash flow, Livestock Production/Industries,

Polycystic ovary syndrome and mental disorders: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis

Background: The association between depression, anxiety, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is still unclear. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders among women with PCOS compared to women without it. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to November 27, 2015. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were original reports in which the rates of mood (bipolar disorder, dysthymia, or major depressive disorder), obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, anxiety disorders or psychotic disorders, somatic symptom and related disorders, or eating disorders had been investigated among women with an established diagnosis of PCOS and compared with women without PCOS. Psychiatric diagnosis should have been established by means of a structured diagnostic interview or through a validated screening tool. Data were extracted and pooled using random effects models. Results: Six studies were included in the meta-analysisof these, five reported the rates of anxiety and six provided data on the rates of depression. The rate of subjects with anxiety symptoms was higher in patients with PCOS compared to women without PCOS (odds ratio (OR) =2.7695% confidence interval (CI) 1.26 to 6.02Log OR = 1.013P=0.011). The rate of subjects with depressive symptoms was higher in patients with PCOS compared to women without PCOS (OR = 3.5195% CI 1.97 to 6.24Log OR =1.255P < 0.001). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression symptoms are more prevalent in patients with PCOS.National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPqConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) [305274/2014-7]Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Escola Paulista de Medicina – UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of Psychiatry, Fortaleza University, Fortaleza, Ceará, BrazilLaboratory of Molecular Psychiatry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilDepartment of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilDepartment of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Escola Paulista de Medicina – UNIFESP), R Borges Lagoa 570, BR-04038020 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.CNPq: 305274/2014-7Web of Scienc

An evaluation of anthropometric and conditional indicators for specific positions in youth women's volleyball played as a school sport

The present study aimed to identify anthropometric and functional characteristics of female volleyball players according to their specific in the match