Projeto de acompanhamento clínico e cirúrgico em grandes animais

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.O Projeto de Acompanhamento Clínico e Cirúrgico em Grandes Animais é desenvolvido por professores e acadêmicos do curso de Medicina Veterinária no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) em Lages-SC. O projeto tem como objetivo oferecer aos acadêmicos de Medicina Veterinária um maior contato com situações do dia-a-dia, com relação ao atendimento clínico e cirúrgico em grandes animais, fazendo com que coloque em prática o conteúdo aprendido nas aulas teóricas. Esta é uma excelente oportunidade para vivenciarem situações de atendimento clínico e cirúrgico na rotina hospitalar. A população atendida é, em sua maioria, desfavorecida economicamente e não tem acesso a informações de manejo,cuidados e tratamento adequado aos animais. Aliando a extensão, o ensino e a pesquisa, o projeto auxilia na formação dos acadêmicos de Medicina Veterinária com o desenvolvimento de pesquisas e práticas de clínica e cirurgia envolvendo grandes animais, contribuindo para o aprendizado e para o desenvolvimento da experiência prática que auxiliará grandemente na sua formação profissional

Hemogram, Fibrinogen Concentration and Plasma Total Protein from Calves of Criollo Lageano Breed Variety Hornless and Aberdeen Angus Breed (Red Angus) on the First Six Months of Life

Background: Neonatal period in bovine presents important variations in hematologic and immunologic parameters, and the resulting mortality rates may be due to increased susceptibility to disease. Race, age, environmental, climate and management factors are sources of CBC’s parameters variation in cattle. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the CBC variables and concentrations of total protein (PTP) and plasma fibrinogen calves of Criolo Lageano Breed variety hornless and Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) in the first six months of life, which are produced under extensive management at the Planalto Serrano Catarinense (southern Brazil).Materials, Methods & Results: Two groups were selected, comprising 11 calves of Hornless Criolo Lageano and 14 calves of the Aberdeen Angus breed (Red Angus). Blood samples were collected for complete blood count and determination of total protein concentrations, and plasma fibrinogen in the periods between 24 h and 36, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of life. The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (P < 0.05). During the experimental period infestations by ticks in both races were observed. In the first month of life, blood smears revealed the presence of blood parasites of the genus Babesia spp. and Anaplasma sp. The fluctuations seen for erythrocyte in the neonatal period (30 days), although not significant, consisted of raising the number of values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), and reduction in mean corpuscular volume values (MCV). From 90 days of age there was a significant reduction in number of red blood cells and VG values, and elevated MCV values and mean corpuscular volume (MCHC) for the Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus). For the WBC, the neonatal period was marked by increase in the number of lymphocytes and decrease in neutrophil ratio: lymphocyte (N, L) with respect to the inversion of 15 days. In the age group 90 days of life was evident increase in the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in both races. The plasma fibrinogen concentrations showed no significant variations during the trial period. The plasma total protein (PTP), had higher values on the second day of life, with reductions up to 60 days and gradual increase in subsequent times.Discussion: The fluctuations related to the values of erythrocyte variables in the neonatal period are consistent with results reported by other authors in calves of other races. Changes in erythrocyte values observed from 90 days of age on race Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) can be attributed to infection by blood parasites and consequent hemolysis. As for the leucocyte count, increasing the number of lymphocytes and inversion of N:L is the neonatal period in a physiological variation and confirms observations made by other authors in calves of other races. In the age group 90 days, leukocytosis by lymphocytosis was related to natural premonition against Babesia spp. and Anaplasma spp., which is documented in cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. When analyzing the PTP values on the second day of life, it can be said that there has been proper transfer of passive immunity in both races, given the high correlation of PTP values and gamma globulins. The reduction of PTP and subsequent elevation values are characteristic of the physiological curve related to degradation of passively transferred immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin synthesis by competent immune system

Seasonal variation in haematological parameters in crossbred horses used for urban traction from Lages, SC, Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of seasons on the hematological profile in horses used for urban traction in the city of Lages, Brazil. Blood samples were collected of the twenty crossbreed horses used for urban traction in the city of Lages, Brazil, carried out in four different periods according to the seasons, for carrying out the hematological profile, plasma total protein (PTP) and plasma fibrinogen. PTP was determined by refractometry method and the determination of plasma fibrinogen by heat precipitation method. Climate variations, such as maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall index for each period were obtained through access to the Center of Environmental Resources Information and Hydrometeorology of Santa Catarina. All values found were within the reference values commonly used for equine specie. There was no significant difference throughout the seasons on the values of erythrogram, leukogram, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and PTP. The MCH and plasma fibrinogen were higher in summer and eosinophils had significantly higher values in winter followed by summer. The region of Lages presents marked seasonal fluctuations, and these have little influence on hematological characteristics in horses used for urban traction

RESSECÇÃO CIRÚRGICA DE HIPERPLASIA DE PALATO DURO EM EQUINO

Descreve-se um caso de hiperplasia de palato duro em um equino de 15 anos de idade atendido no Hospital de Clínica Veterinária CAV/UDESC em Lages, SC. O animal apresentava distúrbios durante a alimentação, como a dificuldade em apreender o alimento, queda deste durante a mastigação e emagrecimento progressivo, há aproximadamente cinco meses. Na inspeção da cavidade oral constatou-se aumento de volume da parte mais rostral do palato duro ultrapassando a borda oclusão dos dentes incisivos. Nenhuma outra alteração na cavidade oral que justificasse o problema foi identificada no exame físico. Como tratamento realizou-se a ressecção cirúrgica do tecido hiperplásico e a hemostasia realizada com ferro candente, em estação, sob sedação e anestesia local. Após o procedimento observou-se melhora significativa da capacidade apreensiva e mastigatória do alimento. Aos sete dias pós-cirúrgico foi observada boa cicatrização da ferida e ausência da queixa inicial. O diagnóstico e a indicação cirúrgica como tratamento nos casos de hiperplasia do palato duro é ainda conflitante e pouco discutida na literatura, necessitando cautela e perícia para o diagnóstico. No caso descrito obteve-se sucesso com a remoção cirúrgica, podendo ser indicada em casos de hiperplasia de palato duro, quando associado a sinais clínicos

Values of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) in thoroughbred horse submitted to exercise of different intensity

In order to evaluate the influence of exercise of different intensities on Red Blood Cell Distribution width (RDW) and Packed Cell Volume (VG) in Thoroughbred horses, blood was collected from 60 animals, 30 males and 30 females, subdivided in groups of horses with 24 to 36 months of age and not in training, and after 12 months of training, and horses with 36 to 48 months of age in training. Blood samples where collected before and after trot and gallop. Samples where analyzed with a automatic cell counter (Cell-Dyn 3500R, Abbott Diagnostic). Red Blood Cell Distribution width (RDW) values increased significantly after trot and gallop demonstrating a variation in the size of red blood cells, while Packed Medium Cell Volume (VGM) values did not show variations before or after exercise.O presente estudo foi delineado para avaliar as alterações nos valores da amplitude de distribuição do tamanho dos eritrócitos (RDW) e do volume globular médio (VGM) em eqüinos PSI submetidos a exercícios de diferentes intensidades. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 60 eqüinos, PSI, sendo 30 machos e 30 fêmeas, distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: eqüinos de 24 a 36 meses de idade não submetidos a treinamento e após um período de 12 meses de treinamento; eqüinos de 36 a 48 meses de idade em fase de treinamento, antes e após o trote e antes e após o galope. As amostras foram processadas no contador automático de células Cell-Dyn 3500R (Abbott Diagnostic). Os valores médios obtidos para o RDW aumentaram significativamente após o trote e galope, demonstrando ocorrer alteração no grau de anisocitose porém os valores do VGM não apresentaram alterações nesses mesmos momentos

Eosinophilic Bronchopneumopathy in Dogs

Background: The eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) is characterized by pulmonary infiltration with eosinophils. The etiology of canine EBP remains unclear, although hypersensitivity to aeroallergens is suspected. Dogs affected are usually young. The persistent cough is the most common clinical sign, often associated with respiratory difficulty and exercise intolerance. The diagnosis is based on signalment, radiographic and bronchoscopic findings, and the tissue eosiphilic infiltration demonstrated by cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). No reports were found in Brazil. The aim of this paper is report four cases of canine BPE, with emphasis on clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy.Cases: Case 1. A 18-month-old female dog with 12 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 60-day history of cough, inappetence and weariness. It presented cough and tachypnea. The complementary exams demonstrated peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography, moderate amount of mucus on bronchoscopy andtissue eosinophilis infiltration on the BAL. The treatment was based on steroids, with improvement of clinical signs. Case 2. A 24-month-old female dog with 16 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with one-year history of cough, inappetence and lethargy. It presented only cough, and in complementary exams showed transitory peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pattern on radiography and predominantly eosinophilic inflammation on citology of BAL. The therapy was based on steroids, with improvement followed by worsening of signs, with need of readjustment of doses. Case 3. A 8-year-old male dog with 6.2 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with 3-weeks history of productive cough,vomiting and weight loss. The complementary exams showed peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary patternon radiography and eosinophils infiltration on cytology of BAL. It was used steroids as therapy, with improvement of signs. Case 4. A 2-month-old female dog with 2.8 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with 3-days history of cough, nasal discharge and inappetence. It presented severe expiratory dyspnoea, tachypnea, harsh cough, lung crackles on auscultation and lethargy. The complementary exams demonstrated leukocytosis by peripheral eosinophilia and neutrophilia, bronchointersticial and alveolar pulmonar radiographic pattern. The therapy was started with steroids, febendazole and antibiotics. Tracheal swab was obtained and it showed eosinophilic inflammation on cytology. After 20-days treatment, the signs improved. Maintenance therapy was performed with steroids.Discussion: The EBP is usually reported in young patients, as described in three cases. The cough showed predominant clinically, associated with lethargy and inappetence in half of cases, as well as with dyspnea and weariness. The peripheral eosinophilia was observed in all patients, although transient in one of them, not being mandatory for the diagnosis.Despite there are not a specific radiographic pattern to the diagnosis, the bronchointersticial pattern was common to the four animals, with worsening of the radiographic findings possibly related to worsening clinical findings. The definitive diagnosis made through identification of eosinophilic inflammatory infiltration by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Steroidtherapy proved to be effective in the four cases.Keywords: eosinophils, bronchus, lung parenchyma, dog

Endocarditis by Staphylococcus sp. in Cow and Sheep Leading to Osteoarthritis and Sepsis as Unusual Outcomes

Background: Endocarditis is one of the most important heart diseases in cattle and a rare disease in sheep. This illness could be caused by any bacteria when related to bacteremia, being Staphylococcus aureus one uncommon cause for this disorder in ruminants. The clinical sings at the early stages are unspecific and many cases are only diagnosed just at thefinal stages of the disease, resulting in heart insufficiency with bad prognosis. The aim of this study is to report two cases of endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus spp. leading to sepsis in a sheep and osteoarthritis in a cow, showing the importance of this bacteria in the pathogenesis of this disease.Cases: Case 1. A 8-month-old sheep, female, Texel showed lameness in the left thoracic limb, and even treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug had anorexia, locomotion difficulty and on the day before of death showed neurological sings, with less than one week of total clinical course. At necropsy, in the heart was observed thrombus in the tricuspid,mitral and aortic valves and pale areas in the myocardium. Multiples abscesses were observed in the lungs, liver and kidneys and infarcts in kidneys, spleen and brain. At the histopathology exam was observed in the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves subacute endocarditis with intralesional coccoids bacteria Gram positives. There were multifocal fibrinonecrotic myocarditis, abscess in lung, liver and kidney with intralesional bacterial myriads. In kidneys, spleen and brain was observedthrombosis associated to multiple infarct areas. Samples of cardiac thrombus, heart, spleen, kidney and meningeal swabs were submitted for bacterial cultivation and was isolated Staphylococcus aureus in all samples, in pure culture.Case 2. A 2-year-old cow, female, mixed breed Angus and Charolais showed a wound in the distal part of the thoracic limb that was done topical treatment. After a month, was noted submandibular and dewlap edema, prostration, lethargy and fever. Antibiotic treatment was performed having remission of edema and fever, however being lethargic yet. Aftera month post antibiotic treatment, the animal showed bilateral increased of joint volume and a new antibiotic treatment was performed. The X-ray and cytology of the synovial fluid presented septic osteoarthritis in both radiocarpal joint. At necropsy was observed a thrombus in the tricuspid valve of approximately 20x4cm ascending to caudal and cranial cavaveins and a pulmonary abscess. In the left carpometacarpal joint, right antebrachiocarpal joint and stifle joint were observed severe purulent exudation and erosions. At histopathology evaluation of the heart was noted subacute septic endocarditis in tricuspid valve and in the joints was observed subacute fibrinopurulent osteoarthritis. In the swabs of joints and thrombus was identified Staphylococcus coagulase positive.Discussion: Despite the fact of to be skin commensal, S. aureus can enter in the bloodstream and to cause endocarditis, sepsis, abscesses and arthritis. Regard to possible entryways, interdigital pododermatitis and skin superficial lesions can be the entrance of the agent. In both cases the animals showed lesions on the limbs, as possible cause. The relationshipbetween endocarditis and osteoarticular infections is not fully known. In cattle with heart disease was noted that lameness is an important clinical sign and osteoarthritis could be related with endocarditis. Staphylococcus aureus rarely is reported in endocarditis cases in ruminants and the outcomes showed here are uncommon and poorly studied.Descritores: estafilococose, doença cardíaca, poliartrite, bacteremia, ruminantes