Content teachers’ and lecturers’ corrective feedback in EMI classes in high school and university settings

To date, very limited research interest has been given to the strategies English-medium instruction (EMI) teachers or lecturers deploy to provide corrective feedback (CF) on the language use to their students during class interaction. In other words, when EMI teachers incidentally focus on students’ problematic language use, how do they correct it – providing explicit correction or using recast or elicitation? This article reports on a study that examined CF types EMI teachers and lecturers used during classroom discourse, drawing on data collected from classroom observations and recordings of six different EMI classes in high school and university settings in Korea. The frequency and types of CF used in reactive language-related episodes (LREs) were identified in the EMI classes and compared between the two settings and across disciplines (social science, mathematics, and computer science). Findings showed that all the EMI teachers and lecturers offered CF to their students but with different frequency; the schoolteachers offered CF more frequently than the university lecturers. Also, the schoolteachers used more various types of CF than the lecturers. In both settings, CF occurred most frequently in mathematics compared to the other two disciplines. This article ends with suggestions for ways the findings of this study can be used to raise EMI teachers’ awareness of various options for providing CF on students’ linguistic errors during their incidental teaching practices

Charge recombination in organic small-molecule solar cells by Jiye Lee.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).To enhance the power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells, charge recombination loss needs to be minimized. First, we perform transient absorption spectroscopy to study the charge recombination dynamics of thin film bulk heterojunction of the archetype organic solar cell molecules, copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole (PTCBI). We report the formation of triplet excitons on PTCBI molecules, which may be an important source of recombination loss in CuPC/PTCBI photovoltaic cells. Second, spin-forbidden transition can be employed to reduce the recombination loss in organic solar cells. We show with a simulation that the spin-disallowed recombination process increases the charge collection efficiency. Also, we present an experimental result that may imply the spin-dependent open-circuit voltage in organic bilayer photovoltaic devices.S.M

Three essays on how social context shapes engagement online

Understanding online user engagement is a key challenge for social platforms that support the communal creation or transfer of knowledge and information. Engagement is not only a function of individual attributes but also the result of the social context that derives from platform choices. This dissertation presents several empirical examples of how social context shapes online engagement in social platforms such as social media or online communities. In the first chapter, I investigate how the social network structure influences Twitter users’ information sharing behavior. I reconcile contradictory theories of the diversity of information sharing on social media using data representative of the whole population of Twitter users. In the second chapter, I investigate how online community size impacts users’ platform engagement. By conducting a randomized field experiment on edX, I show a causal influence of community size on individual user’s knowledge-sharing behavior, retention and performance. In the third chapter, I examine how social learning impacts out-group users’ engagement in an online learning community in terms of language and culture. I broaden the scope of my research in this last chapter by studying a context that has received little attention in the platform engagement literature. I use an interdisciplinary multi-method approach in my research that includes social network analysis, randomized field experiment, and econometrics. This dissertation involves a combination of these methods to understand user-behavior in the social platform and introduce interventions to maximize the benefit for digital platform and users alike

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) polymorphism: from discovery to clinical application

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is the first identified member of ABCC subfamily which belongs to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. It is ubiquitously expressed in almost all human tissues and transports a wide spectrum of substrates including drugs, heavy metal anions, toxicants, and conjugates of glutathione, glucuronide and sulfate. With the advance of sequence technology, many MRP1/ABCC1 polymorphisms have been identified. Accumulating evidences show that some polymorphisms are significantly associated with drug resistance and disease susceptibility. In vitro reconstitution studies have also unveiled the mechanism for some polymorphisms. In this review, we present recent advances in understanding the role and mechanism of MRP1/ABCC1 polymorphisms in drug resistance, toxicity, disease susceptibility and severity, prognosis prediction, and methods to select and predict functional polymorphisms

State dependence and exchange rate regime choice: a new empirical explanation to the polarization phenomenon

This paper, using the dynamic multinomial choice random effect panel Logit model, and focusing on the intermediate exchange rate regimes, tries to provide new empirical explanations to the special polarization phenomenon. The main findings are as follows: Firstly, the state dependence can influence the choice of exchange rate regimes greatly, and the state dependence can explain the phenomenon of the special polarization. Secondly, the non-state dependence factors influence exchange rate regimes choice of different development stage economies in different manner. The non-state dependence factors can also explain the special polarization. Thirdly, the policy makers will choose the less-flexible exchange rate regimes with the increasing of capital account openness. The intermediate exchange rate regimes can survive and stabilize the economy under certain conditions. Lastly, this paper draws a series of important conclusions and policy implications