THE STUDY OF THAI DIGITAL TYPOGRAPHY

Although it is highly disputed among typographers that the existence of public domain is considered a disadvantage for graphic designers to pursue basic skills to generate work (Cole, 2005: Austin, 2002; Supanun, 2015). Moreover, it is also disconnecting the culture and history reflecting within the Thai typography design itself (Supanun, 2015). Nonetheless, this paper is proposing www.f0nt.com/ (2018), the first typographic public domain website (Iannnnn, 2007), as case study of the most important achieve for Thai digital contemporary typographic history, development and progress.The research analyzed and classified all typefaces available on the website using method of Wilks and Wyse (2017) with additional context of Thai typography design and usage. The result shows 430 existing typefaces being designed during the past 14 years (2004-2018) with 134,249,910 downloads in total. The highest produced font is script font with 222 fonts available, following by ornamented/novelty and display with 63 and 53 fonts, respectively. The research result shows the development with basic design application being zero at the starting of the website in 2004 has increased to 100 percent in present year. Which has proven that the public domain is not always the disadvantage for producing quality graphics work

Treatment Updates for Neuromuscular Channelopathies

Purpose of review: This article aims to review the current and upcoming treatment options of primary muscle channelopathies including the non-dystrophic myotonias and periodic paralyses. / Recent findings: The efficacy of mexiletine in the treatment of myotonia is now supported by two randomised placebo-controlled trials, one of which utilised a novel aggregated n-of-1 design. This has resulted in licencing of the drug via orphan drug status. There is also good evidence that mexiletine is well tolerated and safe in this patient group without the need for intensive monitoring. A range of alternative antimyotonic treatment options include lamotrigine, carbamazepine and ranolazine exist with variable evidence base. In vitro studies have shown insight into reasons for treatment failure of some medications with certain genotypes opening the era of mutation-specific therapy such as use of flecainide. In the periodic paralyses, the ability of MRI to distinguish between reversible oedema and irreversible fatty replacement makes it an increasingly useful tool to guide and assess pharmacological treatment. Unfortunately, the striking efficacy of bumetanide in hypokalaemic periodic paralysis animal models was not replicated in a recent pilot study in humans. / Summary: The treatment of skeletal muscle channelopathies combines dietary and lifestyle advice together with pharmacological interventions. The rarity of these conditions remains a barrier for clinical studies but the example of the aggregated n-of-1 trial of mexiletine shows that innovative trial design can overcome these hurdles. Further research is required to test efficacy of drugs shown to have promising characteristics in preclinical experiments such as safinamide, riluzule and magnesium for myotonia or bumetanide for hypokalaemic periodic paralysis

Long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin A for treatment of blepharospasm,hemifacial spasm, and spastic entropion: a multicentre study using two drug-dose escalation indexes

PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term effectiveness and safety of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) treatment in patients with blepharospasm (BEB), hemifacial spasm (HFS), and entropion (EN) and to use for the first time two modified indexes, 'botulin toxin escalation index-U' (BEI-U) and 'botulin toxin escalation index percentage' (BEI-%), in the dose-escalation evaluation. METHODS: All patients in this multicentre study were followed for at least 10 years and main outcomes were clinical efficacy, duration of relief, BEI-U and BEI-%, and frequency of adverse events. RESULTS: BEB, HFS, and EN patients received a mean BoNT-A dose with a significant inter-group difference (P<0.0005, respectively). The mean (+/-SD) effect duration was statistically different (P=0.009) among three patient groups. Regarding the BoNT-A escalation indexes, the mean (+/-SD) values of BEI-U and BEI-% were statistically different (P=0.035 and 0.047, respectively) among the three groups. In BEB patients, the BEI-% was significantly increased in younger compared with older patients (P=0.008). The most frequent adverse events were upper lid ptosis, diplopia, ecchymosis, and localized bruising. CONCLUSIONS: This long-term multicentre study supports a high efficacy and good safety profile of BoNT-A for treatment of BEB, HFS, and EN. The BEI indexes indicate a significantly greater BoNT-A-dose escalation for BEB patients compared with HFS or EN patients and a significantly greater BEI-% in younger vsolder BEB patients. These results confirm a greater efficacy in the elderly and provide a framework for long-term studies with a more flexible and reliable evaluation of drug-dose escalation

Prediction of seizure control in non-ketotic hyperglycemic induced seizures

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To study the factors predictive for seizure control in non-ketotic hyperglycemic induced seizures (NKHS).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied 21 patients who were clinically diagnosed as NKHS at Khon Kaen University hospital, Thailand. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors predictive for seizure control.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most patients had no previous history of diabetes and presented with repetitive partial seizures. The mean number of seizure attacks was 45 times prior to admission. The average duration to terminate seizure was 36 hours and significantly predicted by frequency of seizures (estimate 0.9, p value 0.013).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Frequency of seizures is the only predictive factor for the success of seizure control in NKHS.</p

Skeletal muscle channelopathies: a guide to diagnosis and management.

Skeletal muscle channelopathies are a group of rare episodic genetic disorders comprising the periodic paralyses and the non-dystrophic myotonias. They may cause significant morbidity, limit vocational opportunities, be socially embarrassing, and sometimes are associated with sudden cardiac death. The diagnosis is often hampered by symptoms that patients may find difficult to describe, a normal examination in the absence of symptoms, and the need to interpret numerous tests that may be normal or abnormal. However, the symptoms respond very well to holistic management and pharmacological treatment, with great benefit to quality of life. Here, we review when to suspect a muscle channelopathy, how to investigate a possible case and the options for therapy once a diagnosis is made

Characterising brown dwarf companions with IRDIS long-slit spectroscopy: HD 1160 B and HD 19467 B

The determination of the fundamental properties (mass, separation, age, gravity and atmospheric properties) of brown dwarf companions allows us to infer crucial informations on their formation and evolution mechanisms. Spectroscopy of substellar companions is available to date only for a limited number of objects (and mostly at very low resolution, R<50) because of technical limitations, i.e., contrast and angular resolution. We present medium resolution (R=350), coronagraphic long-slit spectroscopic observations with SPHERE of two substellar companions, HD 1160 B and HD 19467 B. We found that HD 1160 B has a peculiar spectrum that cannot be fitted by spectra in current spectral libraries. A good fit is possible only considering separately the Y+J and the H spectral band. The spectral type is between M5 and M7. We also estimated a T_eff of 2800-2900 K and a log(g) of 3.5-4.0 dex. The low surface gravity seems to favour young age (10-20 Myr) and low mass (~20 M Jup ) for this object. HD 19467 B is instead a fully evolved object with a T_eff of ~1000 K and log g of ~5.0 dex. Its spectral type is T6+/-1.Comment: 14 pages, 14 Figures. Accepted for publication on MNRA