Encuentro y reencuentro en el Diario de viaje de Ai Qing

Diario de viaje es un diario personal escrito por el poeta chino Ai Qing, en el que relata su viaje a América del Sur para asistir a la celebración del cumpleaños de Pablo Neruda en 1954. Este artículo indaga sobre el espíritu poético que muestra el poeta, deprimido por la crisis creativa en la década de 1950. El encuentro con América del Sur y el reencuentro con el gran Pablo Neruda despertaron la pasión de la creación literaria en el poeta chino. El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar cómo el poeta plasma en su diario las escenas recogidas a lo largo del viaje y cómo revela discretamente su escepticismo y su lucha interior. En el viaje, el poeta ha recuperado de cierto modo su estilo inicial; sin embargo, la incompatibilidad entre el espíritu libre del poeta y la opresión política de la época desvanecerá esta alegría efímera.Diario de viaje is a personal diary written by the Chinese poet Ai Qing. In it, he narrates his trip to South America to attend the celebration of Pablo Neruda’s birthday in 1954. This article studies the poetic spirit shown by the Chinese poet, who felt depressed due to the creative crisis of the 1950s. The encounter with South America and the meeting with the great Pablo Neruda sparked the literary passion of the Chinese poet. The main goal of this study is to analyze how the poet captures in his diary the landscapes and scenes observed throughout the trip and how he discreetly reveals his scepticism and inner struggle. On the journey, the poet has somewhat recovered his initial style; however, the incompatibility between the poet’s free spirit and the political oppression of the time will vanish this ephemeral joy

Confidence Intervals for the Treatment Effects in Adaptive Enrichment Designs

While safety is the primary objective in Phase I designs of pharmacological or novel treatment development clinical trials, the focus shifts to detecting the effectiveness of the experimental treatment in confirmatory seamless Phase II/III designs. The presence of patient heterogeneity in modern medication development is widely acknowledged. The response of patients to the same treatment might vary depending on factors such as their gender, age, lifestyle, or genetic diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which group of the population is more likely to benefit from the experimental treatment in the Phase II/III designs. In order to save time and cost, the adaptive enrichment design was proposed. The adaptive enrichment design concentrates resources on promising subgroups by allowing modifications based on the interim analysis results. However, the adaptive nature of the procedure complicates the estimation of the treatment effects and makes the quantification of uncertainty in treatment effects challenging. In particular, confidence intervals based on the naive maximum likelihood estimate and corresponding Fisher information will tend to have incorrect coverage. Focusing on a two-stage design with two disjoint subgroups, we develop a general method based on devising an appropriate p-value function. We derive the conditional confidence intervals for selected subgroups by inverting their corresponding conditional p-value functions, which are obtained using stage-wise, score, and MLE sample space orderings methods. Comparing the confidence intervals produced from the aforementioned space ordering methods reveals that score ordering treats each stage more evenly. Additionally, we construct the unconditional p-value function for each subgroup and utilize the classic Bonferroni, Bonferroni-Holm, and parameter-dependent weighted Bonferroni multiple testing procedures to create simultaneous confidence intervals at the end of the trial. We demonstrate that BonferroniHolm is most effective at detecting actual treatment effects, but its confidence interval for rejected hypotheses is uninformative when not all hypotheses are rejected. In contrast, the traditional Bonferroni simultaneous confidence intervals provide information regarding the magnitude of the real treatment effect but are less effective at rejecting false null hypotheses. The weighted parameter-dependent Bonferroni method compromises between informativeness and power. The confidence interval construction approach is illustrated through the application of two adaptive enrichment designs. Simulation studies show that our approach constructs confidence intervals with exact asymptotic coverage probabilities. Our method may be extended to k-stage msubgroup adaptive enrichment design with k ≥ 3 and m ≥ 3; although, the computation cost will also increase

Stochastic Stability of Flow-Induced Vibration

Flow-induced structural vibration is experienced in many engineering applications, such as aerospace industry and civil engineering infrastructures. One of the main mechanisms of flow-induced vibration is instability which can be triggered by parametric excitations or fluid-elastic forces. Experiments show that turbulence has a significant impact on the stability of structures. The objective of this research is to bridge the gap between flow-induced vibration and stochastic stability of structures. The flow-induced vibration of a spring-supported circular cylinder is studied in this research. The equations of motion for the cylinder placed in a cross-flow are set up, in which the vortex force is modeled by a bounded noise because of its narrow-band characteristics. Since the vibration in the lift direction is more prominent in the lock-in region, the system is reduced to one degree-of-freedom, i.e., only the vibration of the cylinder in the lift direction is considered. The equation of motion for the cylinder can be generalized as a two-dimensional system excited by a bounded noise. Stochastic analysis is used to determine the moment Lyapunov exponents and Lyapunov exponents for the generalized system. The results are then applied to study the parametric instability of a cylinder in the lock-in region. Fluidelastic instability can occur when the cylinder is placed in a shear flow. The equations of motion are established by using the quasi-steady theory to model the fluid-elastic forces. To study the turbulence effect on the stability of the cylinder, a real noise or an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is used to model the grid-generated turbulence. The equations of motion are randomized resulting in a four-dimensional system excited by a real noise. The stability of the stochastic system is studied by determining the moment Lyapunov exponents and Lyapunov exponents. Parameters of the system and the noise are varied to investigate their effects on the stability. It is found that the grid-generated turbulence can stabilize the system when the parameters take certain values, which agrees with the experimental observations. Many flow-induced vibration problems can be modeled by a two degrees-of-freedom system parametically excited by a narrow-band process modeled by a bounded noise. The system can be in subharmonic resonance, combination (additive or differential) resonance, or both if the central frequency of the bounded noise takes an appropriate value. The method for a single degree-of-freedom system is extended to study the stochastic stability of the two degrees-of-freedom system. The moment Lyapunov exponents and Lyapunov exponents for the three cases are obtained using a perturbation method. The effect of noise on various types of parametric resonance, such as subharmonic resonance, combination additive resonance, and combined subharmonic and combination additive resonance, is investigated. The main contributions of this thesis are stochastic stability analysis of one-degree-of-freedom systems and two-degree-of-freedom systems. Stability analysis for systems under the excitation of real noise and bounded noise is carried out by determining the moment Lyapunov exponents and Lyapunov exponents. Good agreement is obtained between analytical results and those obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. In the two degrees-of-freedom case, the effect of free stream turbulence on cylinder vibration and its stability is examined

LA FICCIÓN CHINA DE JORGE LUIS BORGES: INFLUENCIA DE LA FILOSOFÍA CHINA

Jorge Luis Borges, uno de los maestros literarios más destacados del siglo XX, es un escritor nutrido de la literatura universal y con una amplísima erudición intercultural que le permite aglutinar diferentes sistemas filosóficos y culturales en sus obras. Este artículo analiza la influencia que marca la filosofía china en las obras borgeanas, especialmente la huella del taoísmo. El principal objetivo es interpretar esa influencia con exactitud y examinarla en profundidad, y a partir de esto, identificar las relaciones intrínsecas entre el legado intelectual chino y la cosmovisión borgeana. Tras el análisis de los ejemplos seleccionados, concluimos que la presencia de la filosofía china en la obra de Borges ha sido fuerte e innegable, sirviéndole a Borges de contrapunto desde el que edificar su singular y permanente “ficción”.ABSTRACTJorge Luis Borges, one of the most outstanding authors of the 20th century, is a writer nurtured by the universal literature. His vast intercultural erudition allows him to bring together different philosophical and cultural systems in his works. In this article we will analyze the influence of the Chinese philosophy on Borges’ works, especially the Taoism. The main objective is to interpret that influence accurately and to examine it deeply, as well as identify the intrinsic relations between the Chinese intellectual legacy and Borges’ worldview. Via analysis of selected examples, we conclude that the presence of the Chinese philosophy in Borges’ works has been strong and undeniable, as a counterpoint from which to build his unique and permanent “fiction”

La tendencia domesticante de la traducción china del cuento La viuda Ching, pirata, de Jorge Luis Borges

In this article we will analyze the Chinese translation of Jorge Luis Borges’s short story «The Widow Ching, Lady Pirate», focusing on the existing domesticating tendency in the target text. We will carry out an analysis of the source of the story, the presence of the conflict of cultural interference and the back-translation problems. Using a number of examples, we will analyze the solutions proposed by the translator, the reasons for the selection of the translation method, variations with respect to the original text and translation errors. We conclude that the translator has intensified the color of the target culture and, in a certain way, modified the aesthetic value of the original text.El artículo pretende revisar la traducción china del cuento «La viuda Ching, pirata» de Jorge Luis Borges, centrándonos en la tendencia domesticante existente en el texto meta. Para ello, llevaremos a cabo un análisis de la fuente de la historia, la presencia del conflicto de la injerencia cultural y de la retrotraducción. Mediante los ejemplos seleccionados, analizaremos las soluciones que propone el traductor, los motivos de la selección del método traductor, las variaciones con respecto al texto original y los errores de traducción, con el objetivo de sacar conclusiones de que el traductor ha intensificado el color de la cultura meta y en cierto modo, ha modificado el valor estético del cuento de Borges

Peri-implant and systemic effects of high-/low-affinity bisphosphonate-hydroxyapatite composite coatings in a rabbit model with peri-implant high bone turnover

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings composed with bisphosphonates (BPs) which have high mineral-binding affinities have been confirmed to successfully enhance implant stability. However, few previous studies focused on HA coatings composed with low-affinity BPs or on systemic effects of locally released BPs. METHODS: In this long-term study, we developed two kinds of BP-HA composite coatings using either high-affinity BP (alendronate, ALN) or low-affinity BP (risedronate, RIS). Thirty-six rabbits were divided into three groups according to different coating applications (group I: HA, group II: ALN-HA, and group III: RIS-HA). Implants were inserted into the proximal region of the medullary cavity of the left tibiay. At insertion, 2 × 10(8) wear particles were injected around implants to induce a peri-implant high bone turnover environment. Both local (left tibias) and systemic (right tibias and lumbar vertebrae) inhibitory effect on bone resorption were compared, including bone-implant integration, bone architecture, bone mineral density (BMD), implant stability, and serum levels of bone turnover markers. RESULTS: The results indicated that ALN-HA composite coating, which could induce higher bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio, bone mass augmentation, BMD, and implant stability in the peri-implant region, was more potent on peri-implant bone, while RIS-HA composite coating, which had significant systemic effect, was more potent on non-peri-implant bone, especially lumbar vertebrae. CONCLUSIONS: It is instructive and meaningful to further clinical studies that we could choose different BP-HA composite coatings according to the patient’s condition

Time Interval-enhanced Graph Neural Network for Shared-account Cross-domain Sequential Recommendation

Shared-account Cross-domain Sequential Recommendation (SCSR) task aims to recommend the next item via leveraging the mixed user behaviors in multiple domains. It is gaining immense research attention as more and more users tend to sign up on different platforms and share accounts with others to access domain-specific services. Existing works on SCSR mainly rely on mining sequential patterns via Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)-based models, which suffer from the following limitations: 1) RNN-based methods overwhelmingly target discovering sequential dependencies in single-user behaviors. They are not expressive enough to capture the relationships among multiple entities in SCSR. 2) All existing methods bridge two domains via knowledge transfer in the latent space, and ignore the explicit cross-domain graph structure. 3) None existing studies consider the time interval information among items, which is essential in the sequential recommendation for characterizing different items and learning discriminative representations for them. In this work, we propose a new graph-based solution, namely TiDA-GCN, to address the above challenges. Specifically, we first link users and items in each domain as a graph. Then, we devise a domain-aware graph convolution network to learn userspecific node representations. To fully account for users' domainspecific preferences on items, two effective attention mechanisms are further developed to selectively guide the message passing process. Moreover, to further enhance item- and account-level representation learning, we incorporate the time interval into the message passing, and design an account-aware self-attention module for learning items' interactive characteristics. Experiments demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method from various aspects.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

A novel MIPgene mutation associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts in a Chinese family

BACKGROUND: The major intrinsic protein gene (MIP), also known as MIP26 or AQP0, is a member of the water-transporting aquaporin family, which plays a critical role in the maintenance of lifelong lens transparency. To date, several mutations in MIP (OMIM 154050) have been linked to hereditary cataracts in humans. However, more pathogenic mutations remain to be identified. In this study, we describe a four-generation Chinese family with a nonsense mutation in MIP associated with an autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC), thus expanding the mutational spectrum of this gene. METHODS: A large four-generation Chinese family affected with typical Y-suture cataracts combined with punctuate cortical opacities and 100 ethnically matched controls were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes to analyze congenital cataract-related candidate genes. Effects of the sequence change on the structure and function of proteins were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS: Direct sequencing of MIP in all affected members revealed a heterozygous nucleotide exchange c.337C>T predicting an arginine to a stop codon exchange (p.R113X). The substitution co-segregated well in all the affected individuals in the family and was not found in unaffected members or in the 100 unrelated healthy controls. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the mutation affects the secondary structure and function of the MIP protein. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a novel mutation of MIP (p.R113X) in a Chinese cataract family. This is the first nonsense mutation of MIP identified thus far. This novel mutation is also the first disease-causing mutation located in the loop C domain of MIP. The results add to the list of mutations of the MIP linked to cataracts