Burden of child maltreatment in China:A systematic review

Objective To estimate the health and economic burdens of child maltreatment in China. Methods We did a systematic review for studies on child maltreatment in China using PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL-EBSCO, ERIC and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. We did meta-analyses of studies that met inclusion criteria to estimate the prevalence of child neglect and child physical, emotional and sexual abuse. We used data from the 2010 global burden of disease estimates to calculate disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost as a result of child maltreatment. Findings From 68 studies we estimated that 26.6% of children under 18 years of age have suffered physical abuse, 19.6% emotional abuse, 8.7% sexual abuse and 26.0% neglect. We estimate that emotional abuse in childhood accounts for 26.3% of the DALYs lost because of mental disorders and 18.0% of those lost because of self-harm. Physical abuse in childhood accounts for 12.2% of DALYs lost because of depression, 17.0% of those lost to anxiety, 20.7% of those lost to problem drinking, 18.8% of those lost to illicit drug use and 18.3% of those lost to self-harm. The consequences of physical abuse of children costs China an estimated 0.84% of its gross domestic product – i.e. 50 billion United States dollars – in 2010. The corresponding losses attributable to emotional and sexual abuse in childhood were 0.47% and 0.39% of the gross domestic product, respectively. Conclusion In China, child maltreatment is common and associated with large economic losses because many maltreated children suffer substantial psychological distress and might adopt behaviours that increase their risk of chronic disease

Analysis of factors affecting first serum prostate specific antigen level after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer

Objective To analyze the factors affecting postoperative first serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level at 6 weeks in patients receiving radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer. Methods The clinicopathological data were collected retrospectively from 251 patients undergoing RP for prostate cancer in our department between January, 2014 and May, 2018. According to postoperative first serum PSA levels at 6-8 weeks for assessing biochemical recurrence (with 0.2 ng/mL as the cut-off PSA level), the patients were divided into PSA < 0.2 ng/mL group and PSA≥0.2 ng/mL group, and univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors affecting first serum PSA level after RP. Results The two groups of patients with prostate cancer showed significant differences in BMI, history of preoperative electric resection, preoperative PSA level, postoperative Gleason score, pathological T staging, lymph node dissection, and the number of dissected lymph nodes (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, preoperative PSA level, postoperative Gleason score and pathological T staging were all independent risk factors affecting postoperative first serum PSA level. In the 153 patients with lymph node dissection, BMI, preoperative PSA level, postoperative Gleason score, pathological T staging, lymph node positivity and the number of positive lymph nodes differed significantly between the patients with postoperative PSA level < 0.2 ng/mL at 6 weeks and those with higher PSA levels (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative PSA level and lymph node positivity were independent risk factors that affected the postoperative first serum PSA level. Conclusion BMI, preoperative PSA level, postoperative Gleason score and pathologic T staging are all independent risk factors affecting the postoperative first serum PSA level in prostate cancer patients; In patients with lymph node dissection, preoperative PSA level and lymph node positivity are independent risk factors affecting the postoperative first serum PSA level

Sandwich-Structured Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Films with 3H Hardness and Robust Flexibility for Potential Applications in Curved Touch Screens

A sandwich-structured bottom hard-coat/silver nanowire/top hard-coat (BHC/AgNW/THC) transparent conductive film (TCF) has been prepared by embedding the functional AgNW layer between two HC layers. The BHC/AgNW/THC TCFs show high scratch resistance with a hardness of 3H due to the enhanced adhesion to the substrate. In addition, the BHC/AgNW/THC TCFs exhibit a transmittance of 90.6% and a haze of 1% at 550 nm under a sheet resistance of 72 &#937;/sq. Furthermore, highly enhanced long-term stability has been guaranteed by the HC layers due to their excellent gas barrier property. The amazing fact is that hard coating has little effect on the flexibility of AgNW films especially under extreme bending conditions and negligible resistance change could be observed after bending over thousands of times. Consequently, the greatly improved performance of BHC/AgNW/THC TCFs provided by employing hard coating layers paves the way for real-world applications of flexible AgNWs in vast areas that rigid indium tin oxide is not suitable

Drift-off warning limits for deepwater drilling platform/riser coupling system

The drift-off dynamic model of deepwater drilling platform and riser coupling system was established. An analysis method on drift-off warning limits of deepwater drilling platform and riser coupling system was proposed, and a deepwater drilling platform/riser system was taken for case study. The analysis model of deepwater riser, wellhead and conductor coupling system and the drift-off dynamic model of platform were established respectively. The drift-off dynamic solver of deepwater platform was developed. The coupling dynamic characteristics and coupling effect of the deepwater drilling platform and riser system were analyzed in combination with example, and the analysis method for drift-off warning limits was described. The results show that: the riser load acting on platform plays a driving role in the platform drift-off in the initial drift-off stage, and begins to inhibit the platform drift-off gradually as the drift-off displacement increases; During the platform drift-off, the transient response speed of upper riser parameters is high, while the transient response of lower riser parameters presents an obvious hysteresis effect; As the current speed increases or water depth decreases, the drift-off warning limits of deepwater drilling platform/riser coupling system decrease and the deepwater drilling riser should be disconnected earlier. Key words: deepwater drilling, drilling platform, riser, drift-off dynamic model, drift-off warning limit

Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Particles Using an Anionic-Surfactant-Modified Clay and Their Friction Performance

Polystyrene-organo-montmorillonite (PS-OMMT) nanocomposite particles were prepared via emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of montmorillonite modified with an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfonate (SLS), and its tribological properties as an additive to polyalphaolefin (PAO) were tested. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that SLS molecules resided in the montmorillonite (MMT) interlayer space. The effects of OMMT on the morphology and properties of the nanocomposites were also investigated. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrate that the presence of OMMT can effectively reduce the average molecular weight and average particle size of PS. XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the PS-OMMT nanocomposites indicate that exfoliated and intercalated structures form and that the MMT layers either are partly embedded inside the PS particles or remain on their surface. Compared with pure PS, the PS-OMMT nanocomposites possessed higher stability to thermal decomposition and higher glass transition temperatures. Adding nanocomposite particles reduces the friction coefficient, and thus, the antiwear properties of the PAO are significantly improved. The PS-OMMT-3 (3 wt % of OMMT based on styrene) particles have the best tribological performance and maintained a stable, very low coefficient of friction of 0.09

Fabrication and characterization of CuxSi1−x films on Si (111) and Si (100) by pulsed laser deposition

The CuxSi1−x thin films have been successfully fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The influences of laser energy fluency (I0) and deposition temperature (Td) on the phase structure were investigated. The results show that Cu deposited on Si (001) at I0 = 0.5-2.0 J/cm2, and η”-Cu3Si formed on Si (111) at I0 = 1.0-2.0 J/cm2. The films were consisted of Cu, η’-Cu3Si, ε-Cu15Si4 and δ-Cu0.83Si0.17 at Td = 100-500 °C on Si (001). The films were the single phase of η-Cu3Si at Td = 700 °C. In the case of Si (111), the phase structures transformed from Cu to Cu + η’-Cu3Si to η’-Cu3Si to η’-Cu3Si + η-Cu3Si with the increasing of Td. Rectangular grains were formed on Si (001), whereas triangular grains on Si (111). Cu (001) film was epitaxially grown on Si (001) at I0 = 1.5 J/cm2 and Td = 20 °C. η-Cu3Si (001) epitaxial layer was formed on Si (111) at I0 = 1.5 J/cm2 and Td = 700 °C. The epitaxial relationships of Cu (001)[100]//Si (001)[110] and η-Cu3Si (001)[-110]//Si (111)[11-2] were identified