A New Generalized Log-Logistic Erlang Truncated Exponential Distribution with Applications

We introduce a new distribution via the Marshall-Olkin generator calledthe Marshall-Olkin Log-logistic Erlang-Truncated Exponential (MOLLoGETE) distribution.  Some structural properties of the distribution including series expansion of the density function, sub-models, hazard function, moments, conditional moments, mean deviations, distribution of order statistics, R´enyi entropy and maximum likelihood estimates are presented.  The new density function is an infinite linear combinations of Burr XII-Erlang-Truncated Exponential distributions.  The new generalization is applied to real data sets to evaluate the model performance

Household Expenditure In Africa: Evidence Of Mean Reversion

This present paper investigates the mean reversion in household consumption expenditure in 38 Africa countries, the expenditure series obtained as the percentage of nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP), each spanning 1990 to 2018. Due to the small sample point of available time series of household expenditure, with possible structural breaks, the Fourier unit root test approach, allowing for modelling both smooth and instantaneous breaks in the expenditure series was utilised. The results showed non-mean reversion in the consumption expenditure pattern of Egypt, Madagascar, and Tunisia, while mean reversion was detected in the remaining 35 countries. Thus, the majority of African countries are on the verge of recession once shocks that affect the growth of GDP are triggered. Findings in this paper are of relevance to poverty alleviation programmes in those selected countries

Design and implementation of an optimal fuzzy logic controller using genetic algorithm

All control systems suffer from problems related to undesirable overshoot, longer settling times and vibrations while going form one state to another state. Most of relevant techniques had been in the form of suggesting modification and improvement in the instrumentation or interfacing part of the control system and the results reported, remain suffering from shortcomings related to hardware parameter dependence and maintenance and operational complexities. Present study was based on a software approach which was focusing on an algorithmic approach for programming a PIC16F877A microcontroller, for eliminating altogether the parametric dependence issues while adding the benefits of easier modification to suit a given control system to changing operational conditions. Said approach was first simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK using the techniques of Proportional Derivative Fuzzy Logic Controller (PD-FLC) whose membership function, fuzzy logic rules and scaling gains were optimized by the genetic algorithm technique. Simulated results were verified by programming the PIC16F877A microcontroller with the algorithm and using it on a temperature control system where a fan was regulated in response to variations in the ambient system temperature. Resulting tabulated performance indices showed a considerable improvement in rising and settling time besides reducing overshoot and steady state error

Design and implementation of an optimal fuzzy logic controller using egentic algorithm

Most control systems suITer from problems related to undesirable overshoot, longer settling times aoo vibrations while going from one state 10 an(){her state. Works so far reponed techniques which are on how to oveTCQme or reduce the effects of these issues for ensuring smoother and finely tuned eolltrolling proceM. The devised solution is softwllrebased which employs an algorithmic approach for programming II PICI6F877A microcontroller, thus eliminating allogether the parametric dependence issues while adding the benefits of easier modification to suit a given control system for varying operational conditions_ The approach is first simulated using MATLAB/and the simulated results are verified by programming {he PICI6I'g77A mierocontrolter with {he algorithm and using it on a temperature control system where a fan is regulated in response to variations in the ambient system temperature. The results justify the effectiveness of the approach implemented in this study and they lUnher prove toot the optimized Fuzzy Logic Controller is functioning better than the conventional PID Controlle

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Household Expenditure In Africa: Evidence Of Mean Reversion

This present paper investigates the mean reversion in household consumption expenditure in 38 Africa countries, the expenditure series obtained as the percentage of nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP), each spanning 1990 to 2018. Due to the small sample point of available time series of household expenditure, with possible structural breaks, the Fourier unit root test approach, allowing for modelling both smooth and instantaneous breaks in the expenditure series was utilised. The results showed non-mean reversion in the consumption expenditure pattern of Egypt, Madagascar, and Tunisia, while mean reversion was detected in the remaining 35 countries. Thus, the majority of African countries are on the verge of recession once shocks that affect the growth of GDP are triggered. Findings in this paper are of relevance to poverty alleviation programmes in those selected countries

Characterization of indoor power lines as data communication channels experimental details and results

In this paper, a multi-branch power line is modeled using ABCD matrix to show its worth as a communication channel. The model is simulated using MATLAB in an effort to investigate the effects of multiple loading, multipath, and those as a result of load mismatching. The channel transfer function is obtained and investigated using different cable lengths, and different number of bridge taps under given loading conditions

Design and implementation of an optimal fuzzy logic controller using genetic algorithm

All control systems suffer from problems related to undesirable overshoot, longer settling times and vibrations while going form one state to another state. Most of relevant techniques had been in the form of suggesting modification and improvement in the instrumentation or interfacing part of the control system and the results reported, remain suffering from shortcomings related to hardware parameter dependence and maintenance and operational complexities. Present study was based on a software approach which was focusing on an algorithmic approach for programming a PIC16F877A microcontroller, for eliminating altogether the parametric dependence issues while adding the benefits of easier modification to suit a given control system to changing operational conditions. Said approach was first simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK using the techniques of Proportional Derivative Fuzzy Logic Controller (PD-FLC) whose membership function, fuzzy logic rules and scaling gains were optimized by the genetic algorithm technique. Simulated results were verified by programming the PIC16F877A microcontroller with the algorithm and using it on a temperature control system where a fan was regulated in response to variations in the ambient system temperature. Resulting tabulated performance indices showed a considerable improvement in rising and settling time besides reducing overshoot and steady state error