Avanzando hacia la sostenibilidad en la industria extractiva: el caso de la Comunidad de Madrid

El concepto de sostenibilidad comienza a ser ampliamente utilizado desde que en 1987,Ia primera ministra noruega Gro Harlem Brundtland, en un informe presentado en la Comisión Mundial para el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo Sostenible lo define como"Aquel desarrollo que satisface las necesidades del presente sin comprometer la capacidad de las generaciones futuras para satisfacer sus propias necesidades" Este concepto de sostenibilidad, que ha dado origen a diversas interpretaciones, ha ido evolucionando desde una concepción puramente ecológica a otra mucho más amplia donde se recogen otros aspectos como los económicos y sociales. Efectivamente, el concepto de sostenibilidad en la actividad humana ha de entenderse como una conjugación de esas tres facetas o dimensiones: la ecológica, la social y la económica, ya que sin esta percepción el desarrollo humano quedaría prácticamente limitado a una actividad semiprimitiva, donde no se afecta al entorno pero tampoco se satisfacen las necesidades de la sociedad

A positioned +1 nucleosome enhances promoter-proximal pausing

Chromatin distribution is not uniform along the human genome. In most genes there is a promoter-associated nucleosome free region (NFR) followed by an array of nucleosomes towards the gene body in which the first (+1) nucleosome is strongly positioned. The function of this characteristic chromatin distribution in transcription is not fully understood. Here we show in vivo that the +1 nucleosome plays a role in modulating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) promoter-proximal pausing. When a +1 nucleosome is strongly positioned, elongating RNAPII has a tendency to stall at the promoter-proximal region, recruits more negative elongation factor (NELF) and produces less mRNA. The nucleosome-induced pause favors pre-mRNA quality control by promoting the addition of the cap to the nascent RNA. Moreover, the uncapped RNAs produced in the absence of a positioned nucleosome are degraded by the 5′-3′ exonuclease XRN2. Interestingly, reducing the levels of the chromatin remodeler ISWI factor SNF2H decreases +1 nucleosome positioning and increases RNAPII pause release. This work demonstrates a function for +1 nucleosome in regulation of transcription elongation, pre-mRNA processing and gene expression.España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BFU- 2011-2344

A Cycle of Teaching Improvement to Study Molecular Evolution

En asignaturas de genética, aprender a resolver problemas es esencial para fortalecer la integración de los conceptos que se imparten en las clases teóricas. De hecho, el modelo metodológico tradicional suele basarse en la exposición teórica en clase y la resolución de dichos problemas como trabajo para casa. En este capítulo, se describe el diseño y la aplicación de un ciclo de mejora en el aula para el tema de Evolución Molecular de la asignatura Genética Molecular del Grado de Biomedicina básica y experimental, que tiene como objetivo aumentar la participación del alumno en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para ello, la resolución de problemas se intercala dentro de la dinámica de la clase, llevándose a cabo tanto de forma individual como en pequeños grupos. Por otro lado, algunas de las actividades inicialmente propuestas se han adaptado al resultado del cuestionario de ideas previas de los alumnos para poder construir sobre ellas o trabajar conceptos preconcebidos erróneos. Los resultados de las escaleras de aprendizaje muestran un incremento considerable en los conocimientos de los alumnos al término de la unidad didáctica. Por otro lado, la respuesta de los estudiantes ha sido ciertamente positiva, expresada tanto a nivel personal como en las calificaciones del examen parcial correspondiente.In subjects of Genetics, learning how to solve problems is essential to strengthen the integration of concepts taught in theoretical classes. In fact, the traditional methodological model tends to be based on the theoretical presentation in class and the resolution of problems as homework. Here, I describe the design and application of an improvement cycle in the classroom for the Molecular Evolution theme of Molecular Genetics subject of the Basic and Experimental Biomedicine Degree, which aims to increase the participation of the student in the teaching-learning process. Problem solving is proposed interspersed within the class dynamics, taking place both individually and in small groups. Furthermore, some of the initially proposed activities have been adapted to the results of the student’s previous ideas questionnaire to build on them or work on erroneous preconceptions. The results of the learning stairs show a considerable increase in the knowledge of the students at the end of the didactic unit. In addition, both personal feedback and the grades in the corresponding midterm exam have been certainly positive

The fight against terrorism in Spain: judicial cooperation in criminal matters and procedural rights

European project “Lawyers for the protection of fundamental rights” GA n° 80697

The fight against terrorism in the EU: judicial cooperation in criminal matters and procedural rights

European project “Lawyers for the protection of fundamental rights” GA n° 80697

A new surface joining technique for the design of shoe lasts

The footwear industry is a traditional craft sector, where technological advances are difficult to implement owing to the complexity of the processes being carried out, and the level of precision demanded by most of them. The shoe last joining operation is one clear example, where two halves from different lasts are put together, following a specifically traditional process, to create a new one. Existing surface joining techniques analysed in this paper are not well adapted to shoe last design and production processes, which makes their implementation in the industry difficult. This paper presents an alternative surface joining technique, inspired by the traditional work of lastmakers. This way, lastmakers will be able to easily adapt to the new tool and make the most out of their know-how. The technique is based on the use of curve networks that are created on the surfaces to be joined, instead of using discrete data. Finally, a series of joining tests are presented, in which real lasts were successfully joined using a commercial last design software. The method has shown to be valid, efficient, and feasible within the sector

EXOSC10 is required for RPA assembly and controlled DNA end resection at DNA double-strand breaks

The exosome is a ribonucleolytic complex that plays important roles in RNA metabolism. Here we show that the exosome is necessary for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells and that RNA clearance is an essential step in homologous recombination. Transcription of DSB-flanking sequences results in the production of damage-induced long non-coding RNAs (dilncRNAs) that engage in DNA-RNA hybrid formation. Depletion of EXOSC10, an exosome catalytic subunit, leads to increased dilncRNA and DNA-RNA hybrid levels. Moreover, the targeting of the ssDNA-binding protein RPA to sites of DNA damage is impaired whereas DNA end resection is hyper-stimulated in EXOSC10-depleted cells. The DNA end resection deregulation is abolished by transcription inhibitors, and RNase H1 overexpression restores the RPA recruitment defect caused by EXOSC10 depletion, which suggests that RNA clearance of newly synthesized dilncRNAs is required for RPA recruitment, controlled DNA end resection and assembly of the homologous recombination machinery.España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad R + D + I project grant SAF2016-74855-P to P.

New tools to study DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice

A broken DNA molecule is difficult to repair, highly mutagenic, and extremely cytotoxic. Such breaks can be repaired by homology-independent or homology-directed mechanisms. Little is known about the network that controls the repair pathway choice except that a licensing step for homology-mediated repair exists, called DNA-end resection. The choice between these two repair pathways is a key event for genomic stability maintenance, and an imbalance of the ratio is directly linked with human diseases, including cancer. Here we present novel reporters to study the balance between both repair options in human cells. In these systems, a double-strand break can be alternatively repaired by homology-independent or -dependent mechanisms, leading to the accumulation of distinct fluorescent proteins. These reporters thus allow the balance between both repair pathways to be analyzed in different experimental setups. We validated the reporters by analyzing the effect of protein downregulation of the DNA end resection and non-homologous end-joining pathways. Finally, we analyzed the role of the DNA damage response on double-strand break (DSB) repair mechanism selection. Our reporters could be used in the future to understand the roles of specific factors, whole pathways, or drugs in DSB repair pathway choice, or for genome-wide screening. Moreover, our findings can be applied to increase gene-targeting efficiency, making it a beneficial tool for a broad audience in the biological sciences

Utilización de grasas de origen vegetal en raciones de corderos: rendimientos productivos y composición química de la canal

Ponencia presentada a las XI Jornadas de Producción Animal AIDA 2005. Publicada en un Volumen extra de la revista ITEA.Este trabajo ha sido realizado como parte del proyecto VA084/04 financiado por la Junta de Castilla y León.Peer reviewe

Enhanced Parallel Sine Cosine Algorithm for Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization

The sine cosine algorithm’s main idea is the sine and cosine-based vacillation outwards or towards the best solution. The first main contribution of this paper proposes an enhanced version of the SCA algorithm called as ESCA algorithm. The supremacy of the proposed algorithm over a set of state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of solution accuracy and convergence speed will be demonstrated by experimental tests. When these algorithms are transferred to the business sector, they must meet time requirements dependent on the industrial process. If these temporal requirements are not met, an efficient solution is to speed them up by designing parallel algorithms. The second major contribution of this work is the design of several parallel algorithms for efficiently exploiting current multicore processor architectures. First, one-level synchronous and asynchronous parallel ESCA algorithms are designed. They have two favors; retain the proposed algorithm’s behavior and provide excellent parallel performance by combining coarse-grained parallelism with fine-grained parallelism. Moreover, the parallel scalability of the proposed algorithms is further improved by employing a two-level parallel strategy. Indeed, the experimental results suggest that the one-level parallel ESCA algorithms reduce the computing time, on average, by 87.4% and 90.8%, respectively, using 12 physical processing cores. The two-level parallel algorithms provide extra reductions of the computing time by 91.4%, 93.1%, and 94.5% with 16, 20, and 24 processing cores, including physical and logical cores. Comparison analysis is carried out on 30 unconstrained benchmark functions and three challenging engineering design problems. The experimental outcomes show that the proposed ESCA algorithm behaves outstandingly well in terms of exploration and exploitation behaviors, local optima avoidance, and convergence speed toward the optimum. The overall performance of the proposed algorithm is statistically validated using three non-parametric statistical tests, namely Friedman, Friedman aligned, and Quade tests.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the Research State Agency under Grant RTI2018-098156-B-C54 cofinanced by FEDER funds and the Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Research State Agency under Grant PID2020-120213RB-I00 cofinanced by FEDER funds