Impact of the birth process on the sexual health of women

Introducción. El periodo posparto conlleva una serie de cambios físicos y emocionales en la mujer, además de cambios a nivel de relación de pareja e interacciones sociales con amigos y familiares. La vida sexual después del parto puede verse afectada negativamente dando lugar a disfunción sexual, que a su vez puede impactar en la salud física y psicológica de la mujer y la pareja. La prevalencia de la disfunción sexual femenina (DSF) en general es elevada, y oscila entre el 30 y el 60%, aunque en el periodo posparto puede elevarse hasta incluso el 80%. En cuanto a los factores que pueden asociarse al riesgo de DSF durante el período posparto, se hallan muchos factores fisiológicos, psicológicos y socioculturales que pueden afectar negativamente la función sexual de las mujeres. Así mismo, diversos factores que aparecen en torno al parto como el propio modo del parto, la cicatrización de la episiotomía y afectación del suelo pélvico, los loquios, la lactancia materna, el propio cuidado del recién nacido (RN), el estrés, el cansancio, el dolor o incluso trastornos como la depresión posparto, pueden desencadenar problemas sexuales a la mujer y a su pareja. Objetivos. Conocer y analizar la salud sexual de las mujeres puérperas que se encuentran en el 4º mes del periodo posparto, que han dado a luz en los hospitales de una provincia de sur de España. Objetivos específicos: 1. Conocer la prevalencia de las disfunciones sexuales. 2. Describir los factores de riesgo asociados a las disfunciones sexuales. 3. Determinar el tiempo que transcurre desde el parto y las primeras prácticas sexuales. 4. Determinar la relación entre el tipo de parto y traumas perineales y disfunciones sexuales de origen orgánico. 5. Conocer cómo influye la maternidad en la calidad de la relación de la pareja en términos de consenso, satisfacción, expresión afectiva y cohesión. 6. Conocer el efecto de la calidad de la relación de la pareja en la disfunción sexual. 7. Conocer el nivel de autoestima de la puérpera para determinar la relación entre ésta y la disfunción sexual. Metodología. Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal llevado a cabo en tres Centros de Salud de la zona básica de Córdoba (España), con mujeres puérperas que se encontraban en el 4º mes posparto, y que han dado a luz en hospitales de la provincia de Córdoba. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre enero de 2018 y mayo de 2020. La población de estudio la constituyeron puérperas citadas a una consulta programada en el 4º mes tras el parto realizada en atención primaria. Criterios de inclusión fueron: mujeres en periodo posparto que habían tenido un embarazo y parto únicos, a término (37-42 semanas de gestación, en adelante sg) y de bajo riesgo, por vía vaginal o cesárea. Se excluyeron partos múltiples y embarazos de alto riesgo. Para el estudio, las mujeres tuvieron que contestar de forma anónima a cuatro cuestionarios: Cuestionario de la Función Sexual de la Mujer, para valorar el riesgo de disfunción sexual en la mujer (Sánchez et al., 2004); Escala de Rosemberg, para valorar el nivel de autoestima (Atienza et al., 2000); Escala de Edimburgo, para valorar el riesgo de depresión posparto (Cox et al., 1987); y Escala de Ajuste Diádico para valorar la situación de la pareja en cuanto al ajuste de la misma (Spanier, 1976). Junto a los cuestionarios se entregó información oportuna y el documento de consentimiento informado. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial de variables sociodemográficas, obstétricas, neonatales, psicológicas, y a las propias variables resultado extraídas de los cuestionarios, con el programa PASW Statistic versión 25. Las variables cualitativas se expresaron en número (n) y porcentajes (%), y las cuantitativas en media y desviación estándar (DE). Se realizaron pruebas de contraste de hipótesis aplicando los estadísticos correspondientes según el tipo de variable. Se utilizó el análisis de correlación de Pearson para comprobar correlaciones entre variables. Se calculó la OR cruda y posteriormente de forma ajustada mediante un análisis de regresión logística múltiple (RLM) para determinar las variables influyentes en el riesgo de padecer disfunción sexual. Se asumió un error α del 5% (p ≤ 0,05), mostrándose los valores exactos de “p” para cada estadístico. Resultados. Participaron un total de 77 mujeres (N = 77). La edad media ha sido de 32,10 años (±4,29). El 74% de las mujeres tuvieron un parto vaginal; de éstas un 58,4% tuvo un parto normal mientras que el 15,6% necesitó instrumentación del parto. En el 54,5% se practicó episiotomía. La mayoría de las mujeres declararon tener un nivel de autoestima alto (77,6%) y normal o medio (19,7%). Solo el 2,6% declaró poseer un nivel bajo de autoestima. El 16,9% (n=13) de las mujeres declararon no haber tenido actividad sexual durante las últimas 4 semanas. Los dominios de la función sexual más afectados fueron la ansiedad anticipada (65% de mujeres), seguido de problemas relacionados con la penetración (53%), la iniciativa sexual (53%), deseo sexual (33%), lubricación (31%), excitación (26%), orgasmo (25%), y en menor medida la satisfacción (23%) y comunicación sexual (14%). El 89,9% presentaron alteración en un solo aspecto de la función sexual, el 85,9% tuvieron dos aspectos alterados, y el 47% de las mujeres declararon tener alteradas al menos tres aspectos de la función sexual. El 79,6% de las mujeres presentaron alteraciones (puntuación menor o igual a 50% equivalente a trastorno grave y/o moderado) en al menos uno de los dominios considerados evaluadores de la función sexual: deseo, excitación, lubricación, orgasmo, penetración o ansiedad anticipada. Los trastornos en los distintos dominios de la función sexual se relacionaron con factores sociodemográficos como la edad, las mujeres con 35 o más años presentaron mayor porcentaje de trastornos en la iniciativa sexual; o como el nivel de estudios, que se asoció con problemas en la comunicación sexual, ya que las mujeres sin estudios universitarios presentaron mayor grado de trastorno que mujeres con estudios universitarios. La paridad se relacionó con problemas de lubricación, las primíparas presentaron mayor trastorno que las multíparas; además, las mujeres con cesárea presentaron mayor grado de trastorno con la penetración, y las mujeres con parto vaginal con episiotomía tuvieron menores problemas con la penetración; también un mayor peso del recién nacido (RN) se relacionó con problemas en la penetración; los procesos patológicos en el RN se relacionaron con mayor riesgo de comunicación y satisfacción sexual; las mujeres que dieron lactancia materna tuvieron mayor grado de trastorno en satisfacción con la actividad sexual; y las mujeres con un nivel medio bajo de autoestima tuvieron mayor grado de trastorno en comunicación y satisfacción. Estos factores no se asociaron a trastornos en el resto de dominios de la función sexual de la mujer. El análisis de correlación mostró que la dimensión de satisfacción se correlacionó con los aspectos ansiedad anticipada y satisfacción de la actividad sexual; así mismo, la expresión afectiva lo hizo con la penetración e iniciativa sexual. En el análisis de RLM, los factores que aparecieron asociados al riesgo de trastorno de la función sexual fueron la profesión, concretamente profesiones relacionadas con títulos académicos secundarios; tener una episiotomía, que en este caso aparece como factor protector ante el riesgo de la disfunción sexual, y peso del RN. Conclusión. La prevalencia de la disfunción sexual en este estudio fue del 79,6%. El 17% de las mujeres declararon no haber tenido actividad sexual durante las últimas 4 semanas. Los factores que mostraron asociación con trastornos en alguno de los aspectos que conforman la función sexual fueron: la edad materna ≥ 35 años, la primiparidad, el parto por cesárea, procesos patológicos del hijo, el nivel de autoestima medio-bajo y la lactancia materna. Además, según el modelo de RLM, el peso del RN, tener un parto vaginal sin episiotomía, y profesiones relacionadas con estudios secundarios, fueron factores que se relacionaron con el riesgo de DSF. Las mujeres con autoestima alta presentaron menor porcentaje de trastornos de la función sexual, concretamente en los dominios de comunicación y satisfacción con la actividad sexual. Solo un 25% presentaron un ajuste diádico bajo. La satisfacción en la pareja se correlacionó con los aspectos de ansiedad anticipada y satisfacción de la actividad sexual. Es necesario incidir en la investigación sobre los factores que afectan a la sexualidad de la mujer durante el periodo posparto dada la alta prevalencia de las disfunciones sexuales durante este periodo, y debido a que pueden constituir el origen de disfunciones sexuales que pueden permanecer en el tiempo y afectar a la salud física, sexual y psicológica de la mujer.Introduction. The postpartum period is characterized by a series of physical and emotional changes in women, as well as changes in their relationships and social interactions with friends and family. Sexual life after childbirth can be negatively affected resulting in sexual dysfunction, which in turn can impact on the physical and psychological health of the woman and her/his partner. The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in general is high, ranging from 30-60%, although in the postpartum period it can rise to as high as 80%. Regarding to the factors that might be associated with the risk of FSD during the postpartum period, there are many physiological, psychological and sociocultural factors that can negatively affect women's sexual function. Likewise, several factors which appear around childbirth such as the birth mode, episiotomy scarring and pelvic floor involvement, lochia, breastfeeding, newborn care, stress, fatigue, pain or even disorders, i.e., postpartum depression, can trigger sexual problems for the woman and her/his partner. Objectives. To know and analyze the sexual health of puerperal women who are in the 4th month of the postpartum period, who have given birth in hospitals in a province in southern Spain. Specific objectives: 1. To know the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions. 2. To describe the risk factors associated with sexual dysfunctions. 3. To determine the time that elapses since the birth and the first sexual practices. 4. To determine the relationship between the type of delivery and perineal trauma and sexual dysfunction of organic origin. 5. To know how motherhood influences the quality of the couple's relationship in terms of consensus, satisfaction, affective expression and cohesion. 6. To know the effect of the quality of the couple's relationship on sexual dysfunction. 7. To now the level of self-esteem of the puerperal woman to determine the relationship between it and sexual dysfunction. Methodology. Cross-sectional descriptive observational study carried out in three Health Centers in the basic area of Cordoba (Spain), with postpartum women who are in the 4th month postpartum, and who have given birth in hospitals in the province of Cordoba. The study was conducted between January 2018 to May 2020. The study population was constituted by postpartum women cited to a scheduled consultation in the 4th month after delivery performed in primary care. Inclusion criteria were postpartum women who had had a singleton pregnancy and birth, at term (37-42 weeks of gestation) and low risk, vaginally or by cesarean section. Multiple births and high-risk pregnancies were excluded. For the study the women had to answer anonymously to four questionnaires: Female Sexual Function Questionnaire, to assess the risk of sexual dysfunction in women (Sanchez et al., 2004); Rosemberg Scale, to assess the level of self-esteem (Atienza et al., 2000); Edinburgh Scale, to assess the risk of postpartum depression (Cox et al., 1987); and Dyadic Adjustment Scale to assess the couple's situation in terms of couple adjustment (Spanier, 1976). Along with the questionnaires, timely information and the informed consent document were given. A descriptive and inferential analysis of sociodemographic, obstetric, neonatal, psychological variables, and the result variables extracted from the questionnaires, was carried out with the PASW Statistic version 25 program. Qualitative variables were expressed in number (n) and percentages (%), and quantitative variables in mean and standard deviation (SD). Hypothesis testing was performed by applying the corresponding statistics according to the type of variable. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to test correlations between variables. The crude OR was calculated and subsequently adjusted by means of multiple logistic regression analysis (MLR) to determine the variables influencing the risk of suffering sexual dysfunction. An α error of 5% (p ≤ 0.05) was assumed, with exact "p" values shown for each statistic. Results. A total of 77 women (N = 77) participated. The mean age was 32.10 years (±4.29). Seventy-four percent of the women had a vaginal delivery; of these 58.4% had a normal delivery while 15.6% required instrumentation of the delivery. Episiotomy was performed in 54.5%. Most of the women reported having a high level of self-esteem (77.6%) and normal or midlevel (19.7%). Only 2.6% reported having a low level of selfesteem. 16.9% (n=13) of the women reported no sexual activity during the last 4 weeks. The domains of sexual function most affected were anticipatory anxiety (65% of women), followed by problems related to penetration (53%), sexual initiative (53%), sexual desire (33%), lubrication (31%), arousal (26%), orgasm (25%), and to a lesser extent satisfaction (23%) and sexual communication (14%). 89.9% had impairment in only one aspect of sexual function, 85.9% had two aspects impaired, and 47% of the women reported having at least three aspects of sexual function impaired. A total of 79.6% of the women had impairments (score less than or equal to 50%, equivalent to severe and/or moderate impairment) in at least one of the domains considered as evaluators of sexual function: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, penetration or anticipatory anxiety. Disorders in the different domains of sexual function were related to sociodemographic factors such as age, with women aged 35 years or older presenting a higher percentage of disorders in sexual initiative; or the level of education, which was associated with problems in sexual communication, since women without university education presented a higher degree of disorder than women with university education. Parity was related to lubrication problems, with primiparous women presenting greater problems than multiparous women; in addition, women with cesarean section presented greater problems with penetration, and women with vaginal birth with episiotomy had fewer problems with penetration; also, greater newborn (NB) weight was related to problems with penetration; pathological processes in the NB were related to greater risk of sexual communication and satisfaction; women who breastfed had a greater degree of disorder in satisfaction with sexual activity; and women with a low average level of self-esteem had a greater degree of disorder in communication and satisfaction. These factors were not associated with disturbances in the other domains of women's sexual function. Correlation analysis showed that the satisfaction dimension correlated with anticipatory anxiety and satisfaction with sexual activity; likewise, affective expression correlated with penetration and sexual initiative. In the MLR analysis, the factors that appeared to be associated with the risk of sexual function disorder were profession, specifically professions related to secondary academic degrees; having an episiotomy, which in this case appears as a protective factor against the risk of sexual dysfunction, and weight of the newborn. Conclusión. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in this study was 79.6%. Seventeen percent of the women reported not having had sexual activity during the last 4 weeks. The factors that showed association with disorders in any of the aspects that make up sexual function were: maternal age ≥ 35 years, primiparity, cesarean delivery, pathological processes of the child, medium-low level of self-esteem and breastfeeding. In addition, according to the RLM model, the weight of the NB, having a vaginal delivery without episiotomy, and professions related to secondary education, were factors that were related to the risk of DSF. Women with high self-esteem presented a lower percentage of sexual function disorders, specifically in the domains of communication and satisfaction with sexual activity. Only 25% presented low dyadic adjustment. Partner satisfaction was correlated with aspects of anticipatory anxiety and satisfaction with sexual activity. It is necessary to investigate the factors that affect women's sexuality during the postpartum period given the high prevalence of sexual dysfunctions during this period, and because they can constitute the origin of sexual dysfunctions that can remain over time and affect the physical, sexual and psychological health of the woman

Association between Birth Plan Use and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Southern Spain: A Case-Control Study

Background: Birth plans are used for pregnant women to express their wishes and expectations about childbirth. The aim of this study was to compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes between women with and without birth plans. Methods: A multicentre, retrospective case–control study at tertiary hospitals in southern Spain between 2009 and 2013 was conducted. A total of 457 pregnant women were included, 178 with and 279 without birth plans. Women with low-risk gestation, at full-term and having been in labour were included. Sociodemographic, obstetric and neonatal variables were analysed and comparisons were established. Results: Women with birth plans were older, more educated and more commonly primiparous. Caesarean sections were less common in primiparous women with birth plans (18% vs. 29%, p = 0.027); however, no significant differences were found in instrumented births, 3rd–4th-degree tears or episiotomy rates. Newborns of primiparous women with birth plans obtained better results on 1 min Apgar scores, umbilical cord pH and advanced neonatal resuscitation. No significant differences were found on 5 min Apgar scores or other variables for multiparous women. Conclusions: Birth plans were related to less intervention, a more natural process of birth and better outcomes for mothers and newborns. Birth plans can improve the welfare of the mother and newborn, leading to birth in a more natural way

Prevalence and Mode of Birth in Late Fetal Mortality in Spain, 2016–2019

Background: The rate of cesarean sections in late fetal mortality remains high. We aimed to determine the prevalence of late fetal mortality in Spain and risk factors for cesarean birth in women with stillbirth ≥ 28 weeks gestation between 2016–2019. (2) Methods: A retrospective observational study with national data between 2016–2019. A total of 3504 births with fetal dead were included. Sociodemographic, obstetrical and neonatal variables were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression (MLR), with cesarean birth with a stillborn ≥ 28 weeks gestation as the dependent variable. (3) Results: The late fetal mortality rate was 2.8 × 1000; 22.7% of births were by cesarean section. Factors associated with cesarean were having a multiple birth (aOR 6.78); stillbirth weight (aOR 2.41); birth taking place in towns with over 50,000 inhabitants (aOR 1.34); and mother’s age ≥ 35 (aOR 1.23). (4) Conclusions: The late fetal mortality rate increased during the period. The performance of cesarean sections was associated with the mother’s age, obstetric factors and place of birth. Our findings encourage reflection on how to best put into practice national clinical and socio-educational prevention strategies, as well as the approved protocols on how childbirth should be correctly conducted

Factors Associated with Postpartum Sexual Dysfunction in Spanish Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

(1) Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has a high prevalence globally, and perinatal factors favor FSD, especially in the postpartum period. The aim was to determine the prevalence and factors influencing FSD in the postpartum period; (2) Methods: An observational study carried out in three primary care centers in southern Spain, with women in the postpartum period who had a single low-risk birth. One hundred and seventeen women answered the Female Sexual Function questionnaire during the 4th month postpartum, between January 2020 and December 2021. Sociodemographic, obstetric, neonatal variables and level of self-esteem were analyzed. A multiple logistic regression model was carried out; (3) Results: 78.4% had high level of self-esteem. FSD prevalence was 89.7%. Factors related to FSD were having an instrumental vaginal delivery, women with university studies, and prenatal preparation. Maternal age ≥ 35, multiparity, pathological processes in the child, a medium–low level of self-esteem and newborn weight were associated with disorders in some of domains of sexual function; (4) Conclusions: FSD is highly prevalent in the postpartum period and is associated with preventable factors. A preventive approach by health professionals to these factors is essential. Health services should implement postpartum follow-up programs, which may coincide in time and place with newborn follow-up programs

The association between the tumor immune microenvironments and clinical outcome in low-grade, early-stage endometrial cancer patients

Endometrial tumors show substantial heterogeneity in their immune microenvironment. This heterogeneity could be used to improve the accuracy of current outcome prediction tools. We assessed the immune microenvironment of 235 patients diagnosed with low-grade, early-stage endometrial cancer. Multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence was carried out tomeasure CD8, CD68, FOXP3, PD-1,and PD-L1markers, aswell as cytokeratin (CK), on tissuemicroarrays. Clustering results revealed five robust immune response patterns, each associated with specific immune populations, cell phenotypes, and cell spatial clustering.Most samples (69%) belonged to theimmune-desert subtype, characterized by lowimmune cell densities. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-rich samples (4%) displayed high CD8+ T-cell infiltration, as well as a high percentage of CD8/PD-1+ cells. Immune-exclusion samples (19%) displayed the lowest CD8+ infiltration combined with high PD-L1 expression levels in CK+ tumor cells. In addition, they demonstrated high tumor cell spatial clustering as well as increased spatial proximity of CD8+/PD-1+ andCK/PD-L1+ cells.FOXP3andmacrophage-rich phenotypes (3%and 4% of total samples) displayed relatively high levels of FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells and CD68+ macrophages, respectively. These phenotypes correlated with clinical outcomes, with immune-exclusion tumors showing an association with tumor relapse. When compared with prediction models built using routine pathological variables, models optimized with immune variables showed increased outcome prediction capacity (AUC = 0.89 versus 0.78) and stratification potential. The improved prediction capacity was independent of mismatch repair protein status and adjuvant radiotherapy treatment. Further, immunofluorescence results could be partially recapitulated using single-marker immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed on whole tissue sections. TIL-rich tumors demonstrated increased CD8+ T-cells by IHC, while immune-exclusion tumors displayed a lack of CD8+ T-cells and frequent expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells. Our results demonstrate the capability of the immune microenvironment to improve standard prediction tools in low-grade, early-stage endometrial carcinomasCEA and IgM were funded by Fundación La Marató de TV3. This project was supported by grants from Partners of Choice Network from AstraZeneca and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI17/01723 and PI21/00920), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’ (FEDER). We thank Marco Cassano (Lunaphore Technologies) for his help in writing the manuscrip

The HIV-1 reservoir landscape in persistent elite controllers and transient elite controllers

FUNDING. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI17/00186, FI19/00083, MV20/00057, PI18/01532, PI19/01127 and PI22/01796), Gilead Fellowships (GLD22/00147). NIH grants AI155171, AI116228, AI078799, HL134539, DA047034, MH134823, amfAR ARCHE and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.BACKGROUND. Persistent controllers (PCs) maintain antiretroviral-free HIV-1 control indefinitely over time, while transient controllers (TCs) eventually lose virological control. It is essential to characterize the quality of the HIV reservoir in terms of these phenotypes in order to identify the factors that lead to HIV progression and to open new avenues toward an HIV cure. METHODS. The characterization of HIV-1 reservoir from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using next-generation sequencing techniques, such as full-length individual and matched integration site proviral sequencing (FLIP-Seq; MIP-Seq). RESULTS. PCs and TCs, before losing virological control, presented significantly lower total, intact, and defective proviruses compared with those of participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART). No differences were found in total and defective proviruses between PCs and TCs. However, intact provirus levels were lower in PCs compared with TCs; indeed the intact/defective HIV-DNA ratio was significantly higher in TCs. Clonally expanded intact proviruses were found only in PCs and located in centromeric satellite DNA or zinc-finger genes, both associated with heterochromatin features. In contrast, sampled intact proviruses were located in permissive genic euchromatic positions in TCs. CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest the need for, and can give guidance to, the design of future research to identify a distinct proviral landscape that may be associated with the persistent control of HIV-1 without ART.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI17/00186, FI19/00083, MV20/00057, PI18/01532, PI19/01127, PI22/01796)Gilead Fellowships (GLD22/00147)NIH grants AI155171, AI116228, AI078799, HL134539, DA047034, MH134823, amfAR ARCHEBill and Melinda Gates Foundatio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

100 Cartas para Paulo Freire de quienes pretendemos Enseñar

Realizar un texto colectivo como “100 Cartas para Paule Freire de quienes pretendemos Enseñar”, es un desafío al reunir el aprehender desde el sentido profesional de la educación y con el espíritu de transformación, desde la educación como un espacio endógeno de revolución y exógeno a las comunidades y sociedades, en busca de un sentido de identidad. Hoy desde una crítica decolonial, antirracista, feminista y ecologica en la construcción de un sentido real que busque enfrentar el sistema hegemónico y destructivo que se ha impuesto con explotación, sangre y libertades de nuestro pueblo

Gaia Data Release 3: A Golden Sample of Astrophysical Parameters

International audienceGaia Data Release 3 (DR3) provides a wealth of new data products for the astronomical community to exploit, including astrophysical parameters for a half billion stars. In this work we demonstrate the high quality of these data products and illustrate their use in different astrophysical contexts. We query the astrophysical parameter tables along with other tables in Gaia DR3 to derive the samples of the stars of interest. We validate our results by using the Gaia catalogue itself and by comparison with external data. We have produced six homogeneous samples of stars with high quality astrophysical parameters across the HR diagram for the community to exploit. We first focus on three samples that span a large parameter space: young massive disk stars (~3M), FGKM spectral type stars (~3M), and UCDs (~20K). We provide these sources along with additional information (either a flag or complementary parameters) as tables that are made available in the Gaia archive. We furthermore identify 15740 bone fide carbon stars, 5863 solar-analogues, and provide the first homogeneous set of stellar parameters of the Spectro Photometric Standard Stars. We use a subset of the OBA sample to illustrate its usefulness to analyse the Milky Way rotation curve. We then use the properties of the FGKM stars to analyse known exoplanet systems. We also analyse the ages of some unseen UCD-companions to the FGKM stars. We additionally predict the colours of the Sun in various passbands (Gaia, 2MASS, WISE) using the solar-analogue sample