Proteomic Characterization of Host-Pathogen Interactions during Bovine Trophoblast Cell Line Infection by

Despite the importance of bovine neosporosis, relevant knowledge gaps remain concerning the pathogenic mechanisms of . Infection of the placenta is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of the disease; however, very little is known about the relation of the parasite with this target organ. Recent studies have shown that isolates with important variations in virulence also show different interactions with the bovine trophoblast cell line F3 in terms of proliferative capacity and transcriptome host cell modulation. Herein, we used the same model of infection to study the interaction of with these target cells at the proteomic level using LC-MS/MS over the course of the parasite lytic cycle. We also analysed the proteome differences between high- (Nc-Spain7) and low-virulence (Nc-Spain1H) isolates. The results showed that mitochondrial processes and metabolism were the main points of -host interactions. Interestingly, Nc-Spain1H infection showed a higher level of influence on the host cell proteome than Nc-Spain7 infection

Veggie Life: Planeación estratégica e identidad corporativa

En este Reporte PAP, se integra la intervención realizada en un proyecto dedicado a la venta de fruta y verdura deshidratada. Primeramente se identificó la problemática del diagnóstico realizado al empresario, viendo que carecía tanto de una planeación estratégica como de una identidad corporativa, por lo que el objetivo general y sus estrategias estaban encaminadas a desarrollar estos puntos. Este reporte se conforma de los siguientes módulos: 1. Comenzamos analizando el contexto en el que se encuentra esta empresa, identificando la posición que tiene dentro del sector y las necesidades para llegar a ser competitivo en el mismo, tendiendo como resultado la problemática en la que íbamos a trabajar 2. Partiendo de la problemática a solucionar, se estableció un objetivo general y objetivos específicos, así como la metodología a trabajar y el cronograma 3. Se recurre a investigar el sustento teórico con la finalidad de fundamentar las propuestas del trabajo realizado 4. Se complementan con los resultados obtenidos en cada uno de los objetivos así como las herramientas utilizadas generando los entregables hacia el empresario generados en el periodo PAP 5. Antes de concluir con el proyecto, cada integrante del equipo reflexionó sobre los aprendizajes sociales, éticos y personales que se obtuvieron en el transcurso del curso PAP 6. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones obtenidas y las recomendaciones finales para la resolución de la problemática del empresarioITESO, A.C

Crosstalk between Neospora caninum and the bovine host at the maternal-foetal interface determines the outcome of infection

19 páginas, 9 figuras, 1 tabla.Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan cyst-forming parasite that is considered one of the main causes of abortion. The pathogenic mechanisms associated with parasite virulence at the maternal-foetal interface that are responsible for the outcome of infection are largely unknown. Here, utilizing placentomes from cattle experimentally infected with high-virulence (Nc-Spain7) and low-virulence (Nc-Spain1H) isolates, we studied key elements of the innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), at 10 and 20 days post-infection (dpi). The low-virulence isolate elicited a robust immune response characterized by upregulation of genes involved in pathogen recognition, chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, crucial for its adequate control. In addition, Nc-Spain1H triggered the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and other mechanisms implicated in the maintenance of ECM integrity to ensure foetal survival. In contrast, local immune responses were initially (10 dpi) impaired by Nc-Spain7, allowing parasite multiplication. Subsequently (20 dpi), a predominantly pro-inflammatory Th1-based response and an increase in leucocyte infiltration were observed. Moreover, Nc-Spain7-infected placentomes from animals carrying non-viable foetuses exhibited higher expression of the IL-8, TNF-α, iNOS and SERP-1 genes and lower expression of the metalloproteases and their inhibitors than Nc-Spain7-infected placentomes from animals carrying viable foetuses. In addition, profound placental damage characterized by an alteration in the ECM organization in necrotic foci, which could contribute to foetal death, was found. Two different host-parasite interaction patterns were observed at the bovine placenta as representative examples of different evolutionary strategies used by this parasite for transmission to offspring.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competi‑ tiveness (AGL2013-44694-R and AGL2016-75935-C2-1-R) and the Community of Madrid (PLATESA2-CM P2018/BAA-4370). Laura Jiménez-Pelayo was fnan‑ cially supported by a fellowship from the University Complutense of Madrid (including two research stays in 2017 and 2018) and Marta García-Sánchez was fnancially supported through a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2014-070723). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewe

A Broad Assessment of Factors Determining Culicoides imicola Abundance: Modelling the Present and Forecasting Its Future in Climate Change Scenarios

Bluetongue (BT) is still present in Europe and the introduction of new serotypes from endemic areas in the African continent is a possible threat. Culicoides imicola remains one of the most relevant BT vectors in Spain and research on the environmental determinants driving its life cycle is key to preventing and controlling BT. Our aim was to improve our understanding of the biotic and abiotic determinants of C. imicola by modelling its present abundance, studying the spatial pattern of predicted abundance in relation to BT outbreaks, and investigating how the predicted current distribution and abundance patterns might change under future (2011–2040) scenarios of climate change according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. C. imicola abundance data from the bluetongue national surveillance programme were modelled with spatial, topoclimatic, host and soil factors. The influence of these factors was further assessed by variation partitioning procedures. The predicted abundance of C. imicola was also projected to a future period. Variation partitioning demonstrated that the pure effect of host and topoclimate factors explained a high percentage (>80%) of the variation. The pure effect of soil followed in importance in explaining the abundance of C. imicola. A close link was confirmed between C. imicola abundance and BT outbreaks. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to consider wild and domestic hosts in predictive modelling for an arthropod vector. The main findings regarding the near future show that there is no evidence to suggest that there will be an important increase in the distribution range of C. imicola; this contrasts with an expected increase in abundance in the areas where it is already present in mainland Spain. What may be expected regarding the future scenario for orbiviruses in mainland Spain, is that higher predicted C. imicola abundance may significantly change the rate of transmission of orbiviruses

Ecography guided biopsy for the diagnosis of ovarian masses. Systematic review

El diagnóstico definitivo del cáncer de ovario precisa de confirmación histológica. En determinadas situaciones, para evitar la morbilidad de la resección quirúrgica, es posible hacer una biopsia guiada por ecografía para obtener el diagnóstico anatomopatológico. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue evaluar la adecuación, fiabilidad, precisión y perfil de seguridad de la biopsia guiada por ecografía de masas ováricas. Siguiendo el modelo PRISMA 2020, se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Embase y Scopus y se recopilaron un total de 10.245 artículos, de los cuales 24 fueron finalmente incluidos. Los trabajos incluían de forma mayoritaria pacientes con tumores inoperables avanzados, pobre performance status y otros factores de mal pronóstico, con masas de contenido sólido y márgenes irregulares, generalmente accesibles por vía transvaginal. En la mayoría de los artículos las pacientes presentaban historia previa de malignidad o tumores inoperables en estadios avanzados. Las masas ováricas biopsiables se definían en la ecografía como malignas o potencialmente malignas, con la presencia destacada de un componente sólido o mixto con márgenes irregulares o heterogéneos. La técnica más utilizada en los estudios incluidos fue la biopsia con aguja gruesa o tru-cut, con altos valores de adecuación, fiabilidad, precisión y rendimiento, así como un buen perfil de seguridad y bajas tasas de complicaciones. En conclusión, la biopsia con aguja gruesa de las masas anexiales guiada por ecografía, en pacientes subsidiarios de tratamiento neoadyuvante, es una técnica con altas tasas de adecuación, fiabilidad, precisión y buen perfil de seguridad.The definitive diagnosis of ovarian cancer requires histological confirmation. In certain situations, to avoid the morbidity of surgical resection, it is possible to perform an ultrasound-guided biopsy to obtain the pathological diagnosis. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the adequacy, reliability, accuracy, and safety profile of ultrasound-guided biopsy of ovarian masses. Following the PRISMA 2020 model, a bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed, Embase and Scopus, collecting a total of 10,245 articles, of which 24 were finally included. The studies mainly included patients with advanced inoperable tumors, poor performance status and other poor prognostic factors, with masses of solid content and irregular margins, generally accessible through the transvaginal route. In most of the articles, the patients had a previous history of malignancy or had inoperable tumors in advanced stages. Biopsiable ovarian masses were defined ultrasonographically as malignant or potentially malignant, mainly highlighting the presence of a solid or mixed component and irregular or heterogeneous margins. The most widely used technique in the included studies was core needle or tru-cut biopsy, presenting high values of adequacy, reliability, precision and performance, as well as a good safety profile with low complication rates. In conclusion, ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of adnexal masses in patients eligible for neoadjuvant treatment is a technique with high adequacy, reliability, and precision rates, as well as a good safety profile

El estudio de arcillas españolas para su utilización como material de sellado en almacenamientos de residuos radiactivos: 20 años de progreso

[EN] The paper summarises the studies that have been performed in Spain as regards the selection and characterisation of clays suitable for sealing and backfilling of radioactive waste repositories. This research began in the 80’s under the auspices of ENRESA, the Spanish agency for nuclear waste management, and started by a survey of apt clay deposits and suppliers. The characterisation of the clays and the criteria followed for their further selection were those already accepted by the international community: mineralogical purity, retention properties, plasticity, low permeability, high swelling pressure and thermal conductivity. These initial studies resulted in the selection of deposits from the Cabo de Gata region (Almería) and the Tertiary Basin of Madrid (Toledo), whose detailed characterisation was carried out by several laboratories. The Cortijo de Archidona deposit (Almería) was finally selected and the bentonite taken there has been the object of various research projects that have ended in this bentonite being one of the best characterised from the mineralogical, thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, geochemical and alterability points of view. Besides, and more recently, the behaviour of the bentonite under the conditions of a repository has been studied at laboratory and natural scale, and the long-term evolution of the barrier is being analysed by natural analogues studies in the Cabo de Gata area.S[ES] El artículo resume los estudios que se han llevado a cabo en España para la selección y caracterización de arcillas aptas como material de sellado y relleno en almacenamientos de residuos radiactivos. La investigación comenzó en los años 80 bajo el patrocinio de ENRESA, la agencia española para la gestión de residuos nucleares, con la búsqueda de yacimientos de arcilla apropiados. El tipo de caracterización realizado y los criterios seguidos para la selección estaban ya aceptados por la comunidad internacional: pureza mineralógica, propiedades de retención, plasticidad, baja permeabilidad, elevada presión de hinchamiento y conductividad térmica. Estos estudios iniciales dieron lugar a la selección de yacimientos de la región de Cabo de Gata (Almería) y de la Cuenca Terciaria de Madrid (Toledo), cuya caracterización detallada fue realizada por varios laboratorios. Finalmente se seleccionó el yacimiento de Cortijo de Archidona (Almería), y la bentonita procedente de él ha sido objeto de varios proyectos de investigación que han hecho que esta bentonita sea una de las más intensamente caracterizadas en sus aspectos mineralógico, térmico, hidráulico, mecánico, geoquímico y de alterabilidad. Además, posteriormente se ha estudiado el comportamiento de esta bentonita en condiciones similares a las de un almacenamiento a escala de laboratorio y natural, y la posible evolución a largo plazo de la barrera se ha analizado mediante estudios de análogos naturales en la región de Cabo de Gata.This paper is dedicated to Pedro Rivas, a pioneer in the study of some of the issues herein presented and the head of many of the research projects compiled. He has participated intensely in all the described investigations. The useful suggestions and comments from the referees A. Meunier and R. Pusch have improved the paper and are gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Placental immune response and extracellular matrix organisation during the early stages of Neospora caninum infection in pregnant heifers inoculated with high (Nc-Spain7)- or low (Nc-Spain1H)-virulence isolates at mid-gestation

Trabajo presentado al: 5th International Meeting on Apicomplexan Parasites in Farm Animals. ApiCOWplexa. Abstract book, P33. Berlín (Alemania), 2-4 octubre 2019

Effects of challenge dose and inoculation route of virulent Neospora caninum Nc-Spain7 isolate in pregnant cattle at mid gestation

Trabajo presentado al: 4th International Meeting on Apicomplexa in Farm Animals. (11-14 October 2017 - Madrid, Spain).Peer Reviewe